Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Quarterly Technical Report, September 1, 1993--November 30, 1993

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Total Pages : 26 pages
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Book Synopsis Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Quarterly Technical Report, September 1, 1993--November 30, 1993 by :

Download or read book Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Quarterly Technical Report, September 1, 1993--November 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project seeks to determine the identity of representative organosulfur compounds removed by coal desulfurization reactions. Demineralized coals from the Illinois Basin Coal Sample Program are solvent extracted and the extracts fractionated to separate and concentrate the organosulfur compounds for analysis by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. After the sulfur compounds are characterized, the parent extracts will be subjected to reactions previously shown to reduce the organic sulfur content of Illinois coals. The treated extracts will be fractionated and analyzed for organosulfur content by the same method to determine which compounds reacted during the chemical treatment. Finally, the original coal will be subjected to chemical desulfurization, extraction, fractionation and analysis in order to correlate changes in organic sulfur content of the coal with reactions of specific sulfur compounds. These compounds can thus be reliably considered as target molecules for the next generation of desulfurization processes. Work during this quarter included studies to increase the amount of soluble material extracted from coal by several solvents and development of standard chromatographic methods for fractionation and analysis of soluble coal fractions. Pyridine solubility of several coals is enhanced by removal of mineral matter prior to extraction. The effect is modest (12% relative increase) for Illinois No. 6 coal and greater for lower rank coal. Ultrasound and swelling agents cause a large increase in pyridine solubility. Although toluene extracts much less material from Illinois coals than pyridine, removal of mineral matter prior to extraction causes a relatively larger increase in extraction yield (60 - 80% relative increase). Expected aromatic sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene have been detected by GC/MS analysis of non-polar fractions of Illinois No. 6 extracts and several oxidized thiophenes were detected in extracts of weathered IBC-105 coal.

Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1993--August 31, 1994

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Total Pages : 23 pages
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Book Synopsis Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1993--August 31, 1994 by :

Download or read book Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1993--August 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Research Abstracts

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Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Technical Report, 1 December 1993--28 February 1994

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Total Pages : 15 pages
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Book Synopsis Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Technical Report, 1 December 1993--28 February 1994 by :

Download or read book Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Technical Report, 1 December 1993--28 February 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project seeks to identify representative organosulfur compounds which are removed by coal desulfurization reactions. Demineralized coals from the Illinois Basin Coal Sample Program are solvent extracted and the extracts fractionated to separate and concentrate organosulfur compounds for analysis by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. After sulfur compounds are characterized, the parent extracts will be subjected to reactions previously shown to reduce the organic sulfur content of Illinois coals, fractionated and again analyzed for organosulfur content to determine which compounds reacted during the chemical treatment. The original coal will be subjected to chemical desulfurization, extraction, fractionation and analysis in order to correlate changes in organic sulfur content of the coal with reactions of specific sulfur compounds. These compounds can thus be reliably considered as target molecules for the next generation of desulfurization processes. During this quarter, work continued on developing efficient methods to isolate and analyze sulfur-rich coal extract fractions by GC/MS. Since only relatively non-polar compounds can be analyzed, pyridine extracts must be fractionated. Direct extraction of several coals with toluene is quicker but did not give as much toluene soluble material as fractionation of pyridine extracts and is thus not suitable for preparation of representative analytical samples. The authors observe that most IBC sample program coals contain elemental sulfur due to oxidation of pyrite. There is less elemental sulfur in IBC-101 than in other Herrin coals. This coal was washed in a preparation plant to reduce pyrite concentration. Since elemental sulfur slowly reacts to produce organosulfur compounds in coal during storage or handling, this suggests that early removal of pyrite can reduce formation of these hard to remove compounds.

Government Reports Annual Index

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Total Pages : 1692 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Technical Report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994

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Total Pages : 16 pages
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Book Synopsis Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Technical Report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 by :

Download or read book Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization. Technical Report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project seeks to identify representative organosulfur compounds which are removed by known coal desulfurization reactions. Demineralized coals are solvent extracted and the extracts fractionated to concentrate organosulfur compounds for analysis by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. After sulfur compounds are characterized, the parent extracts are subjected to reactions previously shown to reduce the organic sulfur content of Illinois coals, fractionated and again analyzed for organosulfur content to determine if the identified compounds reacted during the chemical treatment. The original coal also will be subjected to chemical desulfurization, extraction, fractionation and analysis in order to correlate changes in organic sulfur content of the coal with reactions of specific sulfur compounds. These compounds can thus be reliably considered as target molecules for the next generation of desulfurization processes. Work during this quarter has shown that fractionation and chromatography of pyridine extracts to isolate suitable samples for GC/MS analysis, although time-consuming, appears to be better than direct toluene extraction in terms of providing a representative set of compounds for analysis. The toluene soluble fractions prepared by this route contain aromatic sulfur compounds and O, N, S-containing hetrocycles. A set of these compounds has been identified and their fate following desulfurization of the parent coal extracts is under investigation. Previously studied desulfurization reactions using the single electron transfer reagent, K/THF/naphthalene, and the reactive nickel boride reagent have been repeated and analyzed by GC/MS. SET and nickel boride reactions of the THF soluble portions of pyridine coal are currently in progress.

Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization

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Book Synopsis Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization by : David H. Buchanan

Download or read book Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization written by David H. Buchanan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization

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Book Synopsis Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization by :

Download or read book Reactivity of Target Compounds for Chemical Coal Desulfurization written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. [Quarterly] Technical Report, March 1, 1993--May 31, 1993

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Total Pages : 14 pages
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Book Synopsis Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. [Quarterly] Technical Report, March 1, 1993--May 31, 1993 by :

Download or read book Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. [Quarterly] Technical Report, March 1, 1993--May 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical reactions that result in carbon-sulfur bond cleavage are an essential aspect of any protocol designed to remove organic sulfur from coal. Planned in the second year of our project ''Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-Sulfur Bonds in Coal'' are investigations of reactions in which organic sulfur-containing coal model compounds are subjected to different conditions of temperature, solvent mixtures and radiation. other investigations that will result in analyses of the likelihood of C-S bond cleavages resulting from various oxidative processes will also be undertaken. Summarized in this quarterly report are results of our investigations of the following topics: (a) desulfurization of coal model sulfones and sulfides; (b) photolytic desulfurization of coal; (c) differential scanning calorimetric experiments on photooxidized coal; and (d) discussions on C-S bond strengths in radical cations.

Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1992--December 31, 1993

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Total Pages : 26 pages
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Book Synopsis Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1992--December 31, 1993 by :

Download or read book Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1992--December 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of research pertaining to chemical reactions that aim to selectively cleave C-S bonds in model compounds as well as Illinois coal are summarized. Chemical reactions that result in carbon-sulfur bond cleavage are an essential aspect of any protocol designed to remove organic sulfur from coal. In the second year of the project ''Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-Sulfur Bonds in Coal'' investigations of reactions in which organic sulfur-containing coal model compounds are subjected to different conditions of temperature, solvent mixtures, reagents, and radiation have been completed. A series of reactions have been undertaken in which physically cleaned Illinois coal has been subjected to many of the same reaction conditions that were shown, via the use of model sulfides, to result in substantial C-S bond cleavage and or sulfur oxidation. Therefore, summarized in this final report are results of the investigations of the photooxidation reactions of coal model sulfones and sulfides; the photolytic desulfurization of coal; and various other topics, including a summary of endeavors aimed at initiating C-S bond cleavage reactions using oxidation/chlorination/desulfurization protocols, and various tellurium reagents.

Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1992--August 31, 1993

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Total Pages : 19 pages
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Book Synopsis Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1992--August 31, 1993 by :

Download or read book Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-sulfur Bonds in Coal. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1992--August 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents results of research pertaining to chemical reactions that aim to selectively cleave C-S bonds in model compounds as well as Illinois coal. Chemical reactions that result in carbon-sulfur bond cleavage are an essential aspect of any protocol designed to remove organic sulfur from coal. In the second year of the project {open_quotes}Protocols for the Selective Cleavage of Carbon-Sulfur Bonds in Coal, the author has completed investigations of reactions in which organic sulfur-containing coal model compounds are subjected to different conditions of temperature, solvent mixtures, reagents, and radiation. He has also undertaken a series of reactions in which physically cleaned Illinois coal has been subjected to many of the same reaction conditions that were shown, via the use of model sulfides, to result in substantial C-S bond cleavage and or sulfur oxidation. Therefore, summarized in this interim final report are results of the investigations of the photooxidation reactions of coal model sulfones and sulfides; the photolytic desulfurization of coal; and various other topics, including a summary of the endeavors aimed at initiating C-S bond cleavage reactions using oxidation/chlorination/desulfurization protocols, and various tellurium reagents. Important experiments remain to be completed on this project; therefore, efforts in these areas will continue through the end of calendar year 1993.

Supercritical Fluid Reactions for Coal Processing. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995

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Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis Supercritical Fluid Reactions for Coal Processing. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 by :

Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Reactions for Coal Processing. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exciting opportunities exist for the application of supercritical fluid (SCF) reactions for the pre-treatment of coal. Utilizing reactants which closely resemble the organic sulfur and nitrogen containing components of coal, we propose to develop a method to tailor chemical reactions in supercritical fluid solvents for the specific application of coal desulfurization and denitrogenation. Diels-Alder reactions involving such compounds have been extensively studied and characterized in liquids. However, there is very little understanding of such reactions in SCF's. We are developing an approach which will allow optimum design of coal desulfurization and denitrogenation processes.

Response apologétique aux prétendus moyens de nullité proposés par les Doyen et Chanoines de l'Eglise de Rouen sur le rétablissement de la discipline ecclésiastique

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Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (699 download)

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The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993

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Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 by :

Download or read book The Single Electron Chemistry of Coals. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to investigate and characterize the single electron reactions of alkyl and alkoxy aromatic compounds in order to determine the role these reactions play in the chemistry of coal. The work here is concerned with the interactions of coals, such as Illinois No. 6, with tetracyanoethylene.

Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Technical Report, September 1--November 30, 1993

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Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Technical Report, September 1--November 30, 1993 by :

Download or read book Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Technical Report, September 1--November 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon adsorbents have been shown to remove sulfur oxides from flue gas, and also serve as a catalyst for reduction of nitrogen oxides at temperatures between 80 and 150°C. The overall objective of this project is to determine whether Illinois coal is a suitable feed stock for the production of activated char which could be used as a catalyst for removal of SO2/NOx from combustion flue gas, and to evaluate the potential application of the products in flue gas cleanup. Key production variables will be identified to help design and engineer activated char with the proper pore structure and surface chemistry. During this reporting period, a series of chats was prepared from an Illinois coal (IBC-102). A 48×100 mesh size fraction of IBC-102 coal was physically cleaned to reduce its ash content from 5.5 to 3.6%. The clean coal was pyrolyzed in a fluidized-bed reactor at 500, 700 and 900°C. The surface area and oxygen content of the char was varied either by oxidation in 10% O2 or by nitric acid treatment. Steam activation or chemical activation using potassium hydroxide was employed to enhance surface area development. Nitrogen BET surface areas of the chars ranged from 1 to 800 M2/g.

Fischer Tropsch Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993

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Total Pages : 11 pages
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Book Synopsis Fischer Tropsch Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993 by :

Download or read book Fischer Tropsch Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During this quarter we have tested and calibrated six thermocouples of the temperature probe assembly. We obtained additional information on potential supercritical fluids from several vendors. We found out that all three potential supercritical solvents (propane, butane, and hexane) have less than 1 ppM sulfur impurities, whereas the maximum amount of sulfur in the feed should be less than 0.05 ppM. This remains to be a potential problem, since high levels of sulfur in the feed will result in catalyst poisoning. However, this would be the case with all three potential solvents, and thus we have decided to use propane as the supercritical fluid in our reaction studies based on its cost and favorable supercritical properties. In our shake down tests we will not use a catalyst guard bed for sulfur removal. If we experience problems with catalyst deactivation due to sulfur in feed, the guard bed will be installed in the propane feed line. We have ordered 1-tetradecene and will begin measuring diffusion coefficients of this compound in subcritical propane.