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Reactive Oxygen Species And Mitochondrial Metabolism In Acute Myocardial Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury
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Book Synopsis Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury by : John Mulvey
Download or read book Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury written by John Mulvey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by : Jimmy Zhang
Download or read book Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury written by Jimmy Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the underlying pathology of acute myocardial infarction. The severity of IR injury is driven by mitochondrial metabolism and modulated by mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. The Krebs' cycle metabolite succinate is central to IR injury. Succinate accumulates during ischemia and its oxidation at reperfusion drives injury. The mechanism of ischemic succinate accumulation is controversial, and is proposed to involve reversal of mitochondrial complex-II. Here, using stable isotope resolved metabolomics, we demonstrated that complex-II reversal was possible in hypoxic mitochondria, but was not the primary source of succinate in hypoxic cardiomyocytes or ischemic hearts. Rather, in these intact systems succinate primarily originated from canonical Krebs' cycle activity, partly supported by aminotransferase anaplerosis and glycolysis from glycogen. Augmentation of canonical Krebs' cycle activity with dimethyl-?-ketoglutarate both increased ischemic succinate accumulation and drove substrate-level phosphorylation by succinyl-CoA synthetase, improving ischemic energetics. Although ? of ischemic succinate accumulation was extracellular, the remaining ? was metabolized during early reperfusion, wherein acute complex-II inhibition was protective. These results highlight a bifunctional role for succinate: its complex-II independent accumulation being beneficial in ischemia, and its complex-II dependent oxidation being detrimental at reperfusion. IR injury is also modulated by mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, such as autophagy. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling induces mitochondrial autophagy and both have separately been shown to protect against cardiac IR injury. However, a link between mild uncoupling and autophagy within the context of cardiac IR injury or cardioprotection has not been explored experimentally or therapeutically. Previously, we identified cloxyquin via phenotypic screening as a cardioprotective compound. Here, we demonstrated that cloxyquin mildly uncoupled mitochondria and induced autophagy. Cloxyquin-induced cardioprotection was blocked by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Finally, we showed that cloxyquin-induced cardioprotection translated to an in vivo model of cardiac IR injury. Overall, these data suggest that enhanced insights into the molecular events that take place at mitochondria during ischemia may be exploited for therapeutic benefit in cardiac IR injury.
Book Synopsis Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury by : Pierce A. Grace
Download or read book Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury written by Pierce A. Grace and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1999-02-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury is concerned with the consequences of interrupting and restoring blood flow to tissues. Many common clinical conditions are caused by interruption of blood flow to tissues (eg, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke); blood flow is also interrupted deliberately in many surgical procedures (eg, cardiac surgery, arterial surgery, transplant surgery, limb surgery with tourniquet). In treating such conditions or after performing such operations the aim of the clinician is to restore the blood supply to the ischaemic tissue. Paradoxically, restoration of blood flow to ischaemic tissues can lead to further tissue damage with the potential for severe local and systemic injury. This book focuses on the clinical, pathological and biochemical processes involved in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and gives an overview of the strategies that may be adopted to mitigate or prevent such injury. This book will be of interest to both clinicians and scientists who have to deal with or have interest in this difficult but important problem.
Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Metabolism in Ischemic Heart Disease by : Shijun Wang
Download or read book Mitochondrial Metabolism in Ischemic Heart Disease written by Shijun Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Medicine by : Gaetano Santulli
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Medicine written by Gaetano Santulli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text covers the basic principles of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular medicine, with particular emphasis on their functional roles in physiology and disease. The book will include articles pertaining to mitochondrial fitness on a global basis, providing therefore an update on the progress made in several aspects in the field. Thus, it will assist scientists and clinicians alike in furthering basic and translational research. Organized in sections focusing on: basic science, mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac disorders, in vascular disorders, in metabolic disorders, in kidney disease, therapeutic challenges and options, this essential volume fills imperative gaps in understanding and potentially treating several cardiovascular disorders.
Book Synopsis Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases by : Sajal Chakraborti
Download or read book Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research in the area of heart disease. It describes a multidisciplinary approach, and demonstrates biochemical mechanisms associated with dysregulation of redox signaling, which leads heart disease. Presenting recent studies on improved forms of ROS scavenging enzymes; specific inhibitors for different ROS generating enzymes; and oxidant induced signaling pathways and their antagonists that allow subtle modulation of redox signaling, it also discusses the spatial and temporal aspects of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system, which are of vital importance in developing better strategies for treating heart disease. Each chapter offers researchers valuable insights into identifying targets for drug development for different types of heart disease.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Vascular Disease by : Robert Fitridge
Download or read book Mechanisms of Vascular Disease written by Robert Fitridge and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Author :Dennis V. P. Cokkinos Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387286586 Total Pages :212 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (872 download)
Book Synopsis Myocardial Ischemia by : Dennis V. P. Cokkinos
Download or read book Myocardial Ischemia written by Dennis V. P. Cokkinos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-08 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective new treatments of heart disease are based on a refined understanding of cellular function and the heart's response to environmental stresses. Not surprisingly therefore, the field of experimental cardiology has experienced a phase of rapid expo nential growth during the last decade. The acquisition of new knowledge has been so fast that textbooks of cardiology or textbooks of cardiovascular physiology are often hard-pressed to keep up with the most important conceptual advances. Witness the explosive increase in knowledge about signaling pathways of cardiac growth, transcrip tional regulation of cardiac metabolism, hormonal signaling, and the complex responses of the heart to ischemia, reperfusion, or ischemic preconditioning. This book is meant to bridge the gap between original literature and textbook reviews. It brings together inves tigators of various backgrounds who share their expertise in the biology of myocardial ischemia. Each chapter is a self-contained mini-review, but it will soon become apparent to the reader that there is also a common thread: Molecular and cellular cardiology has never been more exciting than now, but ever more exciting times are yet to come. The Editors ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - Publication of this book was generously supported by Sanofi-Aventis Hellas. - Eikon creative team provided the technical assistance in preparing the manuscripts. - We thank Dr. Bernard Swynghedauw for all his scientific support.
Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Hexokinase and Ischemic Sensitivity and Metabolism of the Heart by : Rianne Nederlof
Download or read book Mitochondrial Hexokinase and Ischemic Sensitivity and Metabolism of the Heart written by Rianne Nederlof and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The general aim of this thesis was to study the effects of hexokinase II (HKII) on cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and metabolism. In cancer cells, increased binding of both HKI and HKII have been associated with the increased survival rate of these cells. In previous studies it has been observed that binding of HKII to the mitochondria (mtHKII) protects the heart and skeletal muscle against I/R injury. This thesis focused on elucidating the cellular mechanisms by which mtHKII protects the heart against I/R injury. We focused on the effect of a reduction in mtHKII on cardiac metabolism, oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species and the correlation between HKII and cyclophilin D (CypD). In addition, this thesis studied whether cardioprotection by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) and metformin treatment in cardiac surgical patients is associated with increased amounts of mtHKII. Taken together, this thesis shows that 1) low doses (200 nM) of the special peptide TAT-HKII can be used to study effects of mtHKII reduction in the heart, 2) a reduction in mtHKII turns non-injurious I/R into injurious I/R and is accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at reperfusion, and increased energetics at baseline, 3) the cardioprotective effect of CypD deletion might, at least partly, be caused by increased mtHK activity, 4) an acute, but not chronic, decrease in mtHKII affects cardiac metabolism 5) glucose-only is insufficient substrate for the Langendorff perfused mouse heart, and 6) metformin treatment and RIPC in the absence of propofol are not cardioprotective in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery under the conditions used in this thesis."--Samenvatting auteur.
Book Synopsis Myocardial Protection by : Derek M. Yellon
Download or read book Myocardial Protection written by Derek M. Yellon and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insight into the theories and controversies regarding myocardial reperfusion and reperfusion-induced injury. The ideas presented advance the understanding of the relationship of reperfusion injury to the beneficial effects of restoring coronary flow to the myocardium after an ischemic insult.
Book Synopsis Cardioprotection by : Derek Hausenloy
Download or read book Cardioprotection written by Derek Hausenloy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-20 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardioprotection refers to the prevention of CHD and the clinical improvement in patients suffering from cardiovascular problems.
Book Synopsis Mitochondria and the Heart by : José Marín-García
Download or read book Mitochondria and the Heart written by José Marín-García and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-05-05 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria have been pivotal in the development of some of the most important ideas in modern biology. Since the discovery that the organelle has its own DNA and specific mutations were found in association with neuromuscular and cardiovascular diseases and with aging, an extraordi-nary number of publications have followed, and the term mitochondrial medicine was coined. Furthermore, our understanding of the multiple roles that mitochondria play in cardiac cell homeostasis opened the door for intensive experimentation to understand the pathogenesis and to find new treatments for cardiovascular diseases. Besides its role in adenosine triphosphate generation, mitochondria regu-late a complex network of cellular interactions, involving (1) generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion, hy-drogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical; (2) maintenance of the antioxidant glutathione in a reduced state and adequate level of mitochondrial matrix superoxide dismutase; (3) cytoplasmic calcium homeostasis, particularly under conditions of cellular calcium loading; (4) transport of metabolites between cytoplasm and matrix; (5) both programmed (apoptosis) and necrotic cell death; and (6) cell growth and development. It is therefore not surprising that this organelle has come to be the center stage in many current investigations of cardiovascular diseases, aging, and agi- related disease. Concomitant with these advances, an impressive effort is under- way for the development of new tools and methodologies to study mitochondrial structure and function, including powerful ways to visualize, monitor, and alter the organelle function to assess the genetic consequences of these perturbations.
Book Synopsis The Role of Cardiac Mitochondria in Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury by : Chad R. Frasier
Download or read book The Role of Cardiac Mitochondria in Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury written by Chad R. Frasier and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exerts economic and humanitarian costs that are unparalleled by any other disease. Of the many etiologies of CVD, myocardial infarction accounts for over 50% of the associated mortality and anything that can decrease the extent of infarction could drastically impact the burden of CVD. The purpose of this work was to further our understanding of the role of cardiac mitochondria in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Herein I found that physiologic (exercise) and pharmacologic (Bendavia) interventions that lessen the oxidative burden during ischemia/reperfusion have the potential to limit myocardial infarction. Under conditions of oxidative stress, animals who received short term exercise (Ex) were better able to maintain the glutathione couple in a reduced state, likely through an increase in glutathione reductase (GR) activity. This phenotypic change was associated with decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and a lower incidence of fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Furthermore, I found that ROS generated within the cytosol, and not the mitochondria, during bouts of Ex are important signaling molecules that increase GR activity and this increased activity may be responsible for the cardioprotective effects observed with Ex. Finally, I found that treatment with the mitochondrially-targeted peptide Bendavia was successful at lowering infarct size in isolated guinea pig hearts, due to an ability to decrease ROS accumulation and maintain mitochondrial energetics. Taken together, these studies suggest that therapies aimed at decreasing mitochondrial ROS and/or maintaining mitochondrial energetics during ischemia/reperfusion may have significant clinical impact.
Book Synopsis Metabolic Cardiomyopathy by : H. Böhles
Download or read book Metabolic Cardiomyopathy written by H. Böhles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last years the understanding for the aetiology of cardiomyopathies could be greatly improved. A great deal of information has accumulated in the field of inherited metabolic diseases, which provides a new basis for our understanding of many heart muscle problems and their corresponding clinical disease entities. This book is meant to give the reader a comprehensive overview of the cardiological manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism. Latest information, such as cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease or in patients with CDG-syndrome is included. It should be helpful, not only to cardiologists, paediatricians, internists and general practicioners, but also to all those interested in a better understanding of the metabolic basis of clinical disease entities.
Book Synopsis Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction by : Giampaolo Niccoli
Download or read book Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction written by Giampaolo Niccoli and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction: From Mechanisms to Treatment provides a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of coronary microvascular obstruction (CMVO) that is the main limitation of reperfusion therapies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. It provides in-depth coverage of the phenomenon of CMVO which heavily affects prognosis by increasing the risk of death and heart failure at follow-up. A first of its kind reference dedicated solely to this topic, it is appropriate for a wide audience, from researchers, to those who aid in the management, prevention and treatment of CMVO. Provides in-depth coverage of coronary microvascular obstruction (CMVO), spanning research, management, prevention and treatment Includes the most up-to-date information on CMVO as presented from top experts around the word Provides access to a companion website with extra material, including tables, additional references and instructional videos Gives extensive coverage on how to measure CMVO, including in-depth indexes that can be used to detect and quantify the phenomenon
Book Synopsis Metabolic Pathways of Cardioprotection by : Rachel J. Keith
Download or read book Metabolic Pathways of Cardioprotection written by Rachel J. Keith and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death in the US. Myocardial tissue damage associated with MI is mitigated through cardioprotection afforded by late phase ischemic preconditioning (PC). Known mediators of the late phase ischemic PC, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and aldose reductase (AR), form an effective cardioprotective module that triggers and establishes a preconditioned state. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms by which preconditioning enhance myocardial resistance to ischemia remain unclear. Our studies demonstrate that overexpression of iNOS is sufficient to confer cardioprotection and that iNOS protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury by decreasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting mitochondria permeability transition (MPT), without affecting mitochondrial biogenesis or inducing permanent changes in the mitochondrial structure and function. Our studies also show that HO-1 confers increased resistance to MPT and decreases mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that it enhances mitochondrial stability against cellular stress. Cardioprotection due to iNOS and HO-1 seems to relate to an increased state of NO availability, which may be necessary to prevent I/R injury. One of the mechanisms of NO-mediated cardioprotection was found to be related to AR. Increased NO in the heart activates AR, an enzyme involved in the metabolism and detoxification of toxic aldehydes generated during lipid peroxidation. Myocardial I/R injury increases aldehydes, which react with proteins, increasing ER stress. Our studies show that increasing NO or AR in the heart decreases the accumulation of lipid-derived aldehydes and prevents ER stress. Collectively, these data indicate that aldehydes generated from lipid peroxidation associated with I/R trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) and that increased metabolism of these aldehydes during myocardial I/R via AR prevents ischemia-induced ER stress. These findings support the view that ER stress is a significant component of myocardial I/R injury. Hence, therapeutic strategies for preventing ER stress might be beneficial in preventing tissue injury and dysfunction associated with AMI.
Book Synopsis Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition by : Manfred Lamprecht
Download or read book Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition written by Manfred Lamprecht and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of antioxidants in sports is controversial due to existing evidence that they both support and hinder athletic performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition covers antioxidant use in the athlete ́s basic nutrition and discusses the controversies surrounding the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation. The book also stresses how antioxidants may affect immunity, health, and exercise performance. The book contains scientifically based chapters explaining the basic mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative damage. Also covered are methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment. Biomarkers are discussed as a method to estimate the bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sports. This book is useful for sport nutrition scientists, physicians, exercise physiologists, product developers, sport practitioners, coaches, top athletes, and recreational athletes. In it, they will find objective information and practical guidance.
