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Raymond Smullyan On Self Reference
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Book Synopsis Raymond Smullyan on Self Reference by : Melvin Fitting
Download or read book Raymond Smullyan on Self Reference written by Melvin Fitting and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects, for the first time in one volume, contributions honoring Professor Raymond Smullyan’s work on self-reference. It serves not only as a tribute to one of the great thinkers in logic, but also as a celebration of self-reference in general, to be enjoyed by all lovers of this field. Raymond Smullyan, mathematician, philosopher, musician and inventor of logic puzzles, made a lasting impact on the study of mathematical logic; accordingly, this book spans the many personalities through which Professor Smullyan operated, offering extensions and re-evaluations of his academic work on self-reference, applying self-referential logic to art and nature, and lastly, offering new puzzles designed to communicate otherwise esoteric concepts in mathematical logic, in the manner for which Professor Smullyan was so well known. This book is suitable for students, scholars and logicians who are interested in learning more about Raymond Smullyan's work and life.
Book Synopsis Diagonalization and Self-reference by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book Diagonalization and Self-reference written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Oxford Logic Guides. This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this book is to present a unified treatment of fixed points as they occur in Godel's incompleteness proofs, recursion theory, combinatory logic, semantics, and metamathematics. The book provides a survey of introductory material and a summary of recent research. The firstchapters are of an introductory nature and consist mainly of exercises with solutions given to most of them.
Download or read book Self-Reference written by S.J. Bartlett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-reference, although a topic studied by some philosophers and known to a number of other disciplines, has received comparatively little explicit attention. For the most part the focus of studies of self-reference has been on its logical and linguistic aspects, with perhaps disproportionate emphasis placed on the reflexive paradoxes. The eight-volume Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, for example, does not contain a single entry in its index under "self-reference", and in connection with "reflexivity" mentions only "relations", "classes", and "sets". Yet, in this volume, the introductory essay identifies some 75 varieties and occurrences of self-reference in a wide range of disciplines, and the bibliography contains more than 1,200 citations to English language works about reflexivity. The contributed papers investigate a number of forms and applications of self-reference, and examine some of the challenges posed by its difficult temperament. The editors hope that readers of this volume will gain a richer sense of the sti11largely unexplored frontiers of reflexivity, and of the indispensability of reflexive concepts and methods to foundational inquiries in philosophy, logic, language, and into the freedom, personality and intelligence of persons.
Book Synopsis Recursion Theory for Metamathematics by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book Recursion Theory for Metamathematics written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993-01-28 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a sequel to the author's Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems, though it can be read independently by anyone familiar with Gödel's incompleteness theorem for Peano arithmetic. The book deals mainly with those aspects of recursion theory that have applications to the metamathematics of incompleteness, undecidability, and related topics. It is both an introduction to the theory and a presentation of new results in the field.
Book Synopsis Satan, Cantor, And Infinity And Other Mind-bogglin by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book Satan, Cantor, And Infinity And Other Mind-bogglin written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2012-05-30 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than two hundred new and challenging logic puzzles—the simplest brainteaser to the most complex paradoxes in contemporary mathematical thinking—from our topmost puzzlemaster (“the most entertaining logician who ever lived,” Martin Gardner has called him). Our guide to the puzzles is the Sorcerer, who resides on the Island of Knights and Knaves, where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie, and he introduces us to the amazing magic—logic—that enables to discover which inhabitants are which. Then, in a picaresque adventure in logic, he takes us to the planet Og, to the Island of Partial Silence, and to a land where metallic robots wearing strings of capital letters are noisily duplicating and dismantling themselves and others. The reader’s job is to figure out how it all works. Finally, we accompany the Sorcerer on an alluring tour of Infinity which includes George Cantor’s amazing mathematical insights. The tour (and the book) ends with Satan devising a diabolical puzzle for one of Cantor’s prize students—who outwits him! In sum: a devilish magician’s cornucopia of puzzles—a delight for every age and level of ability.
Book Synopsis The Gödelian Puzzle Book by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book The Gödelian Puzzle Book written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These logic puzzles provide entertaining variations on Gödel's incompleteness theorems, offering ingenious challenges related to infinity, truth and provability, undecidability, and other concepts. No background in formal logic necessary.
Book Synopsis Godel's Incompleteness Theorems by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book Godel's Incompleteness Theorems written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992-08-20 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurt Godel, the greatest logician of our time, startled the world of mathematics in 1931 with his Theorem of Undecidability, which showed that some statements in mathematics are inherently "undecidable." His work on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum theory brought him further worldwide fame. In this introductory volume, Raymond Smullyan, himself a well-known logician, guides the reader through the fascinating world of Godel's incompleteness theorems. The level of presentation is suitable for anyone with a basic acquaintance with mathematical logic. As a clear, concise introduction to a difficult but essential subject, the book will appeal to mathematicians, philosophers, and computer scientists.
Book Synopsis Forever Undecided by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book Forever Undecided written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2012-07-04 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forever Undecided is the most challenging yet of Raymond Smullyan’s puzzle collections. It is, at the same time, an introduction—ingenious, instructive, entertaining—to Gödel’s famous theorems. With all the wit and charm that have delighted readers of his previous books, Smullyan transports us once again to that magical island where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie. Here we meet a new and amazing array of characters, visitors to the island, seeking to determine the natives’ identities. Among them: the census-taker McGregor; a philosophical-logician in search of his flighty bird-wife, Oona; and a regiment of Reasoners (timid ones, normal ones, conceited, modest, and peculiar ones) armed with the rules of propositional logic (if X is true, then so is Y). By following the Reasoners through brain-tingling exercises and adventures—including journeys into the “other possible worlds” of Kripke semantics—even the most illogical of us come to understand Gödel’s two great theorems on incompleteness and undecidability, some of their philosophical and mathematical implications, and why we, like Gödel himself, must remain Forever Undecided!
Book Synopsis The Tao Is Silent by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book The Tao Is Silent written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tao Is Silent Is Raymond Smullyan's beguiling and whimsical guide to the meaning and value of eastern philosophy to westerners. "To me," Writes Smullyan, "Taoism means a state of inner serenity combined with an intense aesthetic awareness. Neither alone is adequate; a purely passive serenity is kind of dull, and an anxiety-ridden awareness is not very appealing." This is more than a book on Chinese philosophy. It is a series of ideas inspired by Taoism that treats a wide variety of subjects about life in general. Smullyan sees the Taoist as "one who is not so much in search of something he hasn't, but who is enjoying what he has." Readers will be charmed and inspired by this witty, sophisticated, yet deeply religious author, whether he is discussing gardening, dogs, the art of napping, or computers who dream that they're human.
Book Synopsis The Lady Or the Tiger? by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book The Lady Or the Tiger? written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Another scintillating collection of brilliant problems and paradoxes by the most entertaining logician and set theorist who ever lived." — Martin Gardner. Inspired by the classic tale of a prisoner's dilemma, these whimsically themed challenges involve paradoxes about probability, time, and change; metapuzzles; and self-referentiality. Nineteen chapters advance in difficulty from relatively simple to highly complex.
Book Synopsis What is the Name of this Book? by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book What is the Name of this Book? written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Dover Math Games & Puzzles. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A celebrated mathematician presents more than 200 increasingly complex problems that delve into Gödel's undecidability theorem and other examples of the deepest paradoxes of logic and set theory. Solutions.
Book Synopsis First-Order Logic by : Raymond R. Smullyan
Download or read book First-Order Logic written by Raymond R. Smullyan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Except for this preface, this study is completely self-contained. It is intended to serve both as an introduction to Quantification Theory and as an exposition of new results and techniques in "analytic" or "cut-free" methods. We use the term "analytic" to apply to any proof procedure which obeys the subformula principle (we think of such a procedure as "analysing" the formula into its successive components). Gentzen cut-free systems are perhaps the best known example of ana lytic proof procedures. Natural deduction systems, though not usually analytic, can be made so (as we demonstrated in [3]). In this study, we emphasize the tableau point of view, since we are struck by its simplicity and mathematical elegance. Chapter I is completely introductory. We begin with preliminary material on trees (necessary for the tableau method), and then treat the basic syntactic and semantic fundamentals of propositional logic. We use the term "Boolean valuation" to mean any assignment of truth values to all formulas which satisfies the usual truth-table conditions for the logical connectives. Given an assignment of truth-values to all propositional variables, the truth-values of all other formulas under this assignment is usually defined by an inductive procedure. We indicate in Chapter I how this inductive definition can be made explicit-to this end we find useful the notion of a formation tree (which we discuss earlier).
Book Synopsis To Mock a Mockingbird by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book To Mock a Mockingbird written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author of Forever Undecided, Raymond Smullyan continues to delight and astonish us with his gift for making available, in the thoroughly pleasurable form of puzzles, some of the most important mathematical thinking of our time.
Book Synopsis Theory of Formal Systems by : Raymond M. Smullyan
Download or read book Theory of Formal Systems written by Raymond M. Smullyan and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1961 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves both as a completely self-contained introduction and as an exposition of new results in the field of recursive function theory and its application to formal systems.
Download or read book Aboutness written by Stephen Yablo and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-04 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aboutness has been studied from any number of angles. Brentano made it the defining feature of the mental. Phenomenologists try to pin down the aboutness-features of particular mental states. Materialists sometimes claim to have grounded aboutness in natural regularities. Attempts have even been made, in library science and information theory, to operationalize the notion. But it has played no real role in philosophical semantics. This is surprising; sentences have aboutness-properties if anything does. Aboutness is the first book to examine through a philosophical lens the role of subject matter in meaning. A long-standing tradition sees meaning as truth-conditions, to be specified by listing the scenarios in which a sentence is true. Nothing is said about the principle of selection--about what in a scenario gets it onto the list. Subject matter is the missing link here. A sentence is true because of how matters stand where its subject matter is concerned. Stephen Yablo maintains that this is not just a feature of subject matter, but its essence. One indicates what a sentence is about by mapping out logical space according to its changing ways of being true or false. The notion of content that results--directed content--is brought to bear on a range of philosophical topics, including ontology, verisimilitude, knowledge, loose talk, assertive content, and philosophical methodology. Written by one of today's leading philosophers, Aboutness represents a major advance in semantics and the philosophy of language.
Book Synopsis Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis by : Paul J. Cohen
Download or read book Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis written by Paul J. Cohen and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2008-12-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exploration of a notorious mathematical problem is the work of the man who discovered the solution. Written by an award-winning professor at Stanford University, it employs intuitive explanations as well as detailed mathematical proofs in a self-contained treatment. This unique text and reference is suitable for students and professionals. 1966 edition. Copyright renewed 1994.
Author :Thomas Bolander Publisher :Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion ISBN 13 : Total Pages :204 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Self-reference written by Thomas Bolander and published by Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion. This book was released on 2006 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description
