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Author : Keith Head
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Rationalization Effects of Tariff Reductions written by Keith Head and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arevik Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484356446
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Peeling Away the Layers: Impacts of Durable Tariff Elimination written by Arevik Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We demonstrate that durable MFN tariff elimination affects trade patterns through several layers, which generates non-linear impacts. First, complete tariff elimination results in a large additional trade gains over and above tariff reductions. Second, commitment to durable tariff elimination, through WTO bindings, further boosts both imports and exports of ITA members. The unique setting of the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) allows us to identify these effects of non-discriminatory trade policies because (i) ITA constitutes a quasi-natural experiment as several “passive” signatories joined it as an unavoidable part of pursuing of a larger policy objective, and (ii) ITA's partial coverage of the IT sector provides a natural control group for cross-product identification. Commitments under the ITA spurned development of a downstream IT export sector in “passive” signatories.
Author : James A. Orr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Trade and Employment Effects of Tariff Reductions Agreed to in the Multilateral Trade Negotiations written by James A. Orr and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lorenzo Caliendo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (932 download)
Download or read book Tariff Reductions, Entry, and Welfare written by Lorenzo Caliendo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tariffs have fallen significantly around the globe over the last two decades. Yet very little is known about the trade, entry, and welfare effects generated by this unprecedented shift in trade policy. We use a heterogeneous-firm quantitative trade model to study the effects of observed changes in trade policy. Importantly, in our model, tariffs affect the entry decision of firms across markets, a channel that has been unduly overlooked in the literature. We first show how trade policy influences entry and selection of firms into markets. We then use a new tariff dataset, and apply a 189-country, 15-sector version of our model, to quantify the trade, entry, and welfare effects of trade liberalization over the period 1990-2010. We find that the impact on firm entry was larger in Advanced relative to Emerging markets; that more than 90% of the gains from trade are a consequence of the reductions in MFN tariffs (the Uruguay Round); that PTAs have not contributed much to the overall gains from trade; and that, with the exception of a few Emerging and Developing countries, most countries do not gain much (and some lose) from a move to complete free trade under zero tariffs.
Author : Paul Tompkinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Benefits of Tariff Reductions in the Presence of Psychological Adjustments Costs written by Paul Tompkinson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1457821125
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (578 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Trade Agreements: Effect of the Tokyo Round, U.S.-Israel FTA, U.S.-Canada FTA, NAFTA, and the Uruguay Round on the U.S. Economy, Inv. TA-2111-1 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bernard Gauthier
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book A Firm's-eye View of Policy and Fiscal Reforms in Cameroon written by Bernard Gauthier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Cameroon, neither a major devaluation nor a major simplification of the tax structure systematically affected profit margins. But trade liberalization, substantial tariff reductions, clearly signaled change to manufacturers. And devaluation shifted relative prices dramatically in favor of exportable goods.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444639268
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Commercial Policy written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Commercial Policy explores three main topics that permeate the study of commercial policy. The first section presents a broad set of basic empirical facts regarding the pattern and evolution of commercial policy, with the second section investigating the crosscutting legal issues relating to the purpose and design of agreements. Final sections cover key issues of commercial policy in the modern global economy. Every chapter in the book provides coverage from the perspectives of multilateral, and where appropriate, preferential trade agreements. While most other volumes are policy-oriented, this comprehensive guide explores the ways that intellectual thinking and rigor organize research, further making frontier-level synthesis and current theoretical, and empirical, research accessible to all. Covers the research areas that are critical for understanding how the world of commercial policy has changed, especially over the last 20 years Presents the way in which research on the topic has evolved Scrutinizes the economic modeling of bargaining and legal issues Useful for examining the theory and empirics of commercial policy
Author : Paolo Epifani
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Trade Liberalization, Firm Performance, and Labor Market Outcomes in the Developing World written by Paolo Epifani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the micro-level evidence on the effects of trade and investment liberalization in the developing world. He focuses, in particular, on the effects of the 1991 trade reform in India since it provides an excellent controlled experiment in which the effects of a drastic trade regime change can be measured. His main findings are: 1) There is evidence of trade-induced productivity gains (in this respect, however, India is an exception. 2) These gains mainly stem from intra-industry reallocation of resources among firms with different productivity levels. 3) The gains are larger in import-competing sectors. 4) There is no evidence of significant scale efficiency gains. Unilateral trade liberalization is often associated with a reduced scale efficiency. 5) There is evidence of a pro-competitive effect of trade liberalization. 6) There is no evidence either of learning-by-exporting effects or of beneficial spillover effects from foreign-owned to local firms active in the same sectors. 7) There is evidence, however, of positive vertical spillovers from foreign direct investment. 8) There is evidence of skill upgrading induced either by technology imports or by trade-induced reallocations of market shares in favor of plants with higher skill-intensity. 9) There is no evidence of trade-induced increases in labor demand elasticities. But direct evidence suggests that trade exposure raises wage volatility. 10) There is no evidence of substantial employment contraction in import-competing sectors.
Author : Timothy Dunne
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226172570
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)
Download or read book Producer Dynamics written by Timothy Dunne and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Census Bureau has recently begun releasing official statistics that measure the movements of firms in and out of business and workers in and out of jobs. The economic analyses in Producer Dynamics exploit this newly available data on establishments, firms, and workers, to address issues in industrial organization, labor, growth, macroeconomics, and international trade. This innovative volume brings together a group of renowned economists to probe topics such as firm dynamics across countries; patterns of employment dynamics; firm dynamics in nonmanufacturing industries such as retail, health services, and agriculture; employer-employee turnover from matched worker/firm data sets; and turnover in international markets. Producer Dynamics will serve as an invaluable reference to economists and policy makers seeking to understand the links between firms and workers, and the sources of economic dynamics, in the age of globalization.
Author : Luis Rivera-Batiz
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780198297116
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (971 download)
Download or read book International Trade written by Luis Rivera-Batiz and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title offers an integrated account of strategic trade analysis, combined with empirical evidence and new results. It addresses the need to synthesize and integrate the new advances in a field that has become a key element of policy discussions.
Author : Noritsugu Nakanishi
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813274409
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)
Download or read book The Essence Of International Trade Theory written by Noritsugu Nakanishi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook aims to explain the principles in international trade theory and show how some useful trade models work. The book concentrates on two fundamental issues in international trade, that is, the 'determinants of trade patterns' and the 'welfare gains from trade' in various economic environments. Chapters 1 through 3 assume perfect competition and explore the workings of the Ricardian model, the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model, the Specific Factors model and more recent development of the Eaton-Kortum model. Chapter 4 examines various welfare criteria and their relation to the 'social utility function' and, then, proves the basic gains-from-trade proposition. Chapters 5 and 6 examine the implications of imperfect competition using a unified oligopolistic model and variations of the monopolistically competitive model. The roles of the strategic interaction among firms, the economies of scale, product differentiation, the heterogeneity of firms, and the geographic distribution of agents will be highlighted. Chapter 7 deals with some trade policy issues such as the effects of tariffs, the relation of tariffs to other policy measures, and the so-called strategic trade policies.
Author : Antoni Estevadeordal
Publisher : BID-INTAL
ISBN 13 : 950738250X
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (73 download)
Download or read book How do rules of origin affect investment flows ? : some hypotheses and the case of Mexico (Working Paper ITD = Documento de Trabajo ITD ; n. 22) written by Antoni Estevadeordal and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2006 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 9781557757173
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (571 download)
Download or read book Fiscal Reforms in Low-Income Countries written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-03-31 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reform of fiscal policies and institutions lies at the heart of structural adjustment in developing countries. Although the immediate aim of such reform is to reduce fiscal imbalances to achieve macroeconomic stability, the long-term goal is to secure more durable improvements in fiscal performance. This study reviews the fiscal reform experience of 36 low-income developing countries that undertook macroeconomic and structural adjustment in the context of the IMF's Structural Adjustment Facility and Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility during the period of 1985-95.
Author : John F. Helliwell
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815791485
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)
Download or read book How Much Do National Borders Matter? written by John F. Helliwell and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2000-06-27 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely believed that globalization has proceeded to the point where international economic linkages are as strong as those within nations. Struck by research suggesting that this perception is dramatically mistaken, John Helliwell spent three years assessing the evidence. The results are reported in this book, the latest in Brookings' Integrating National Economies series. It provides the most systematic measurements yet available of the relative importance of global and national economic ties. The original finding, based on a gravity model of trade flows, was that 1988 trade linkages between Canadian provinces were twenty times as dense as those between Canadian provinces and U.S. states of similar size and distance. A much longer and more detailed body of data is used to expand and explain these findings. Data for trade within and among OECD and some developing countries are used to show that the Canadian-U.S. results are applicable to other countries. Helliwell then surveys and extends the evidence relating to price linkages, capital mobility, migration, and knowledge spillovers, finding in all cases very large border effects. The evidence offers a challenge to economists, policymakers, and citizens to explain why national economies have so much staying power, and to consider whether this is a good or bad thing. Helliwell argues that since large and small industrial economies have similar levels of income, there are likely to be diminishing returns from increases in globalization beyond levels sufficient to permit the ready exploitation of comparative advantages in trade, and relatively easy access to knowledge developed elsewhere.
Author : James R. Tybout
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Manufacturing Firms in Developing Countries written by James R. Tybout and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eddy Bekkers
Publisher : Rozenberg Publishers
ISBN 13 : 905170903X
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (517 download)
Download or read book Essays on firm heterogeneity and quality in international trade written by Eddy Bekkers and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 2 contains a survey of the three most in‡fluential models on fi…rm heterogeneity and of the most important empirical work on firrm heterogeneity. The chapter starts with a brief review of the homogeneous productivity imperfect competition literature. Chapter 2 …finishes with a comparison of the three most in‡fluential models of fi…rm heterogeneity and the oligopoly model put forward in the thesis. Chapter 3 addresses exporting uncertainty under heterogeneous popularity. Chapter 4 contains the chapter on …firm heterogeneity under oligopoly. Chapter 5 constitutes the models on …firm heterogeneity and endogenous quality. Chapter 6 points out the within-sector specialization model. Chapter 7 addresses the effect of importer characteristics on unit values and the role of markups and quality to explain this effect. Chapter 8 concludes.
