Putting Logic in Its Place

Download Putting Logic in Its Place PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199263256
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Putting Logic in Its Place by : David Christensen

Download or read book Putting Logic in Its Place written by David Christensen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role, if any, does formal logic play in characterizing epistemically rational belief? Traditionally, belief is seen in a binary way - either one believes a proposition, or one doesn't. Given this picture, it is attractive to impose certain deductive constraints on rational belief: that one's beliefs be logically consistent, and that one believe the logical consequences of one's beliefs. A less popular picture sees belief as a graded phenomenon. This picture (explored more bydecision-theorists and philosophers of science thatn by mainstream epistemologists) invites the use of probabilistic coherence to constrain rational belief. But this latter project has often involved defining graded beliefs in terms of preferences, which may seem to change the subject away fromepistemic rationality.Putting Logic in its Place explores the relations between these two ways of seeing beliefs. It argues that the binary conception, although it fits nicely with much of our commonsense thought and talk about belief, cannot in the end support the traditional deductive constraints on rational belief. Binary beliefs that obeyed these constraints could not answer to anything like our intuitive notion of epistemic rationality, and would end up having to be divorced from central aspects of ourcognitive, practical, and emotional lives.But this does not mean that logic plays no role in rationality. Probabilistic coherence should be viewed as using standard logic to constrain rational graded belief. This probabilistic constraint helps explain the appeal of the traditional deductive constraints, and even underlies the force of rationally persuasive deductive arguments. Graded belief cannot be defined in terms of preferences. But probabilistic coherence may be defended without positing definitional connections between beliefsand preferences. Like the traditional deductive constraints, coherence is a logical ideal that humans cannot fully attain. Nevertheless, it furnishes a compelling way of understanding a key dimension of epistemic rationality.

Changes of Mind

Download Changes of Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199655758
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Changes of Mind by : Neil Tennant

Download or read book Changes of Mind written by Neil Tennant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of how a rational agent should revise beliefs in the light of new evidence. Computationally implementable, it provides rigorous mathematical theory of dependency networks and investigates the complexity of algorithms for rational agents revising beliefs.

Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief

Download Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief by : Henry Ely Kyburg

Download or read book Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief written by Henry Ely Kyburg and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reason and Rationality

Download Reason and Rationality PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110325861
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reason and Rationality by : Maria Cristina Amoretti

Download or read book Reason and Rationality written by Maria Cristina Amoretti and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reason and rationality represent crucial elements of the self-image of human beings and have unquestionably been among the most debated issues in Western philosophy, dating from ancient Greece, through the Middle Ages, and to the present day. Many words and thoughts have already been spent trying to define the nature and standards of reason and rationality, what they could or ought to be, and under what conditions something can be said to be rational. This volume focuses instead on the relationships of reason and rationality to some relevant specific topics, i.e., science, knowledge, gender, politics, ethics, religion, aesthetics, language, logic, and metaphysics, trying to uncover and clarify both the connections and differences in their various characterisations and uses.

Handbook of Epistemic Logic

Download Handbook of Epistemic Logic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781848901582
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Epistemic Logic by : Hans van Ditmarsch

Download or read book Handbook of Epistemic Logic written by Hans van Ditmarsch and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epistemic logic and, more generally, logics of knowledge and belief, originated with philosophers such as Jaakko Hintikka and David Lewis in the early 1960s. Since then, such logics have played a significant role not only in philosophy, but also in computer science, artificial intelligence, and economics. This handbook reports significant progress in a field that, while more mature, continues to be very active. This book should make it easier for new researchers to enter the field, and give experts a chance to appreciate work in related areas. The book starts with a gentle introduction to the logics of knowledge and belief; it gives an overview of the area and the material covered in the book. The following eleven chapters, each written by a leading researcher (or researchers), cover the topics of only knowing, awareness, knowledge and probability, knowledge and time, the dynamics of knowledge and of belief, model checking, game theory, agency, knowledge and ability, and security protocols. The chapters have been written so that they can be read independently and in any order. Each chapter ends with a section of notes that provides some historical background, including references, and a detailed bibliography.

Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality

Download Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401790116
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality by : Erik Weber

Download or read book Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality written by Erik Weber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-06 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the Logic, Reasoning and Rationality 2010 conference (LRR10) in Ghent. The conference aimed at stimulating the use of formal frameworks to explicate concrete cases of human reasoning, and conversely, to challenge scholars in formal studies by presenting them with interesting new cases of actual reasoning. According to the members of the Wiener Kreis, there was a strong connection between logic, reasoning, and rationality and that human reasoning is rational in so far as it is based on (classical) logic. Later, this belief came under attack and logic was deemed inadequate to explicate actual cases of human reasoning. Today, there is a growing interest in reconnecting logic, reasoning and rationality. A central motor for this change was the development of non-classical logics and non-classical formal frameworks. The book contains contributions in various non-classical formal frameworks, case studies that enhance our apprehension of concrete reasoning patterns, and studies of the philosophical implications for our understanding of the notions of rationality.

Epistemic Dimensions of Personhood

Download Epistemic Dimensions of Personhood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191553697
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Epistemic Dimensions of Personhood by : Simon J. Evnine

Download or read book Epistemic Dimensions of Personhood written by Simon J. Evnine and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-05-15 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simon Evnine examines various epistemic aspects of what it is to be a person. Persons are defined as finite beings that have beliefs, including second-order beliefs about their own and others' beliefs, and are agents, capable of making long-term plans. It is argued that for any being meeting these conditions, a number of epistemic consequences obtain. First, all such beings must have certain logical concepts and be able to use them in certain ways. Secondly, there are at least two principles governing belief that it is rational for persons to satisfy and are such that nothing can be a person at all unless it satisfies them to a large extent. These principles are that one believe the conjunction of one's beliefs and that one treat one's future beliefs as, by and large, better than one's current beliefs. Thirdly, persons both occupy epistemic points of view on the world and show up within those views. This makes it impossible for them to be completely objective about their own beliefs. Ideals of rationality that require such objectivity, while not necessarily wrong, are intrinsically problematic for persons. This 'aspectual dualism' is characteristic of treatments of persons in the Kantian tradition. In sum, these epistemic consequences support a traditional view of the nature of persons, one in opposition to much recent theorizing.

The Stability of Belief

Download The Stability of Belief PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191047015
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Stability of Belief by : Hannes Leitgeb

Download or read book The Stability of Belief written by Hannes Leitgeb and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In everyday life we normally express our beliefs in all-or-nothing terms: I believe it is going to rain; I don't believe that my lottery ticket will win. In other cases, if possible, we resort to numerical probabilities: my degree of belief that it is going to rain is 80%; the probability that I assign to my ticket winning is one in a million. It is an open philosophical question how all-or-nothing belief and numerical belief relate to each other, and how we ought to reason with them simultaneously. The Stability of Belief develops a theory of rational belief that aims to answer this question. Hannes Leitgeb develops a joint normative theory of all-or-nothing belief and numerical degrees of belief. While rational all-or-nothing belief is studied in traditional epistemology and is usually assumed to obey logical norms, rational degrees of belief constitute the subject matter of Bayesian epistemology and are normally taken to conform to probabilistic norms. One of the central open questions in formal epistemology is what beliefs and degrees of belief have to be like in order for them to cohere with each other. The answer defended in this book is a stability account of belief: a rational agent believes a proposition just in case the agent assigns a stably high degree of belief to it. Leitgeb determines this theory's consequences for, and applications to, learning, suppositional reasoning, decision-making, assertion, acceptance, conditionals, and chance. The volume builds new bridges between logic and probability theory, traditional and formal epistemology, theoretical and practical rationality, and synchronic and diachronic norms for reasoning.

How Do We Reason?

Download How Do We Reason? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 0830855165
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How Do We Reason? by : Forrest E. Baird

Download or read book How Do We Reason? written by Forrest E. Baird and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How exactly does logic work? What makes some arguments valid and others not? What does a faithful use of logic look like? In this introduction to logic, philosopher Forrest Baird considers the basic building blocks of human reason, including types of arguments, fallacies, syllogisms, symbols, and proofs, all of which are demonstrated with exercises for students throughout.

Dynamic Epistemic Logic

Download Dynamic Epistemic Logic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140205839X
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dynamic Epistemic Logic by : Hans van Ditmarsch

Download or read book Dynamic Epistemic Logic written by Hans van Ditmarsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-06 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Epistemic Logic is the logic of knowledge change. This book provides various logics to support such formal specifications, including proof systems. Concrete examples and epistemic puzzles enliven the exposition. The book also offers exercises with answers. It is suitable for graduate courses in logic. Many examples, exercises, and thorough completeness proofs and expressivity results are included. A companion web page offers slides for lecturers and exams for further practice.

Knowledge and Belief

Download Knowledge and Belief PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : College Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781904987086
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (87 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge and Belief by : Jaakko Hintikka

Download or read book Knowledge and Belief written by Jaakko Hintikka and published by College Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge and Belief An Introduction to the Logic of the Two Notions by Jaakko Hintikka Prepared by Vincent F. Hendricks & John Symons In 1962 Jaakko Hintikka published Knowledge and Belief: An Introduction to the Logic of the Two Notions with Cornell University Press. Almost every paper or a book on epistemic and doxastic logic that has appeared since then has referred to this seminal work. Although many philosophers working in logic, epistemology, game-theory, economics, computer science and linguistics mention the book, it is very likely that most have never literally had their hands on it, much less owned a copy. After a fourth printing in 1969, Knowledge and Belief went out of print and as many of us have found to our dismay, it has become increasingly difficult to find used copies at our local shops or online. It is our pleasure to provide the interdisciplinary community with this reprint edition of Knowledge and Belief. Knowledge and Belief is a classic on which a generation - my generation - of epistemologists cut their teeth. This reissue is welcome. It will provide something for the next generation to chew on. - Fred Dretske, Duke University It is wonderful to see this classic being reissued after so many years out of print. It was extremely influential in its day; its influence continues to this day, through the impact of epistemic logic in fields as diverse distributed computing, artificial intelligence, and game theory. This reissue should make it possible for a new generation of researchers to appreciate Hintikka's groundbreaking work. - Joseph Halpern, Cornell University

Beyond Faith and Rationality

Download Beyond Faith and Rationality PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030435350
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beyond Faith and Rationality by : Ricardo Sousa Silvestre

Download or read book Beyond Faith and Rationality written by Ricardo Sousa Silvestre and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-16 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with the relation between faith and reason, and brings the latest developments of modern logic into the scene. Faith and rationality are two perennial key concepts in the history of ideas. Philosophers and theologians have struggled to bring into harmony these otherwise conflicting concepts. Despite the diversity of approaches about what rationality effectively means, logic remains the cannon of objective and rational thought. The chapters in this volume analyze several issues pertaining to the philosophy of religion and philosophical theology from the perspective of their relation to logic and the benefit they can derive from the use of modern logic tools. The book is divided into five parts: (I) Introduction, (II) Analytic Philosophy of Religion, (III) Logical Philosophy of Religion, (IV) Computational Philosophy and Religion and (V) Logic, Language and Religion. This text appeals to students and researchers in the field.

Reasoning about Rational Agents

Download Reasoning about Rational Agents PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262265027
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (65 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reasoning about Rational Agents by : Michael Wooldridge

Download or read book Reasoning about Rational Agents written by Michael Wooldridge and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the belief-desire-intention (BDI) model of rational agents, which recognizes the primacy of beliefs, desires, and intentions in rational action. One goal of modern computer science is to engineer computer programs that can act as autonomous, rational agents; software that can independently make good decisions about what actions to perform on our behalf and execute those actions. Applications range from small programs that intelligently search the Web buying and selling goods via electronic commerce, to autonomous space probes. This book focuses on the belief-desire-intention (BDI) model of rational agents, which recognizes the primacy of beliefs, desires, and intentions in rational action. The BDI model has three distinct strengths: an underlying philosophy based on practical reasoning in humans, a software architecture that is implementable in real systems, and a family of logics that support a formal theory of rational agency.The book introduces a BDI logic called LORA (Logic of Rational Agents). In addition to the BDI component, LORA contains a temporal component, which allows one to represent the dynamics of how agents and their environments change over time, and an action component, which allows one to represent the actions that agents perform and the effects of the actions. The book shows how LORA can be used to capture many components of a theory of rational agency, including such notions as communication and cooperation.

Degrees of Belief

Download Degrees of Belief PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402091982
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Degrees of Belief by : Franz Huber

Download or read book Degrees of Belief written by Franz Huber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology is the first book to give a balanced overview of the competing theories of degrees of belief. It also explicitly relates these debates to more traditional concerns of the philosophy of language and mind and epistemic logic.

Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief

Download Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789401033923
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (339 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief by : M. Swain

Download or read book Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief written by M. Swain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-17 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers collected in this volume were originally presented at a sym posium held at the University of Pennsylvania in December of 1968. Each of the papers has been revised in light of the discussions that took place during this symposium. None of the papers has appeared in print previously. The extensive bibliography that appears at the end of the volume was originally distributed during the symposium and was revised on the basis of many helpful suggestions made by those who participated. The symposium was made possible by a grant from The National Science Foundation and funds contributed by the Philosophy Depart ment of the University of Pennsylvania. On behalf of the contributors to this volume, I would like to express my thanks to these organizations for their generous support. In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to the members of the Graduate Philosophy Students Organization at the University of Penn sylvania for the considerable assistance they gave me during the sym posium. My thanks, also, to Judith Sofranko and Lynn Luckett for their very responsible efforts in the preparation of the manuscript. Finally, I would like to thank Professor James Cornman for his invaluable advice and encouragement.

Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith

Download Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN 13 : 0268202672
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (682 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith by : Paul Herrick

Download or read book Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith written by Paul Herrick and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This clear, readable introduction to philosophy presents a traditional theistic view of the existence of God. There are many fine introductions to philosophy, but few are written for students of faith by a teacher who is sensitive to the intellectual challenges they face studying in an environment that is often hostile to religious belief. Many introductory texts present short, easy-to-refute synopses of the traditional arguments for God’s existence, the soul, free will, and objective moral value rooted in God’s nature, usually followed by strong objections stated as if they are the last word. This formula may make philosophy easier to digest, but it gives many students the impression that there are no longer any good reasons to accept the beliefs just mentioned. Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith is written for philosophy instructors who want their students to take a deeper look at the classic theistic arguments and who believe that many traditional views can be rigorously defended against the strongest objections. The book is divided into four sections, focusing on philosophy of religion, an introduction to epistemology, philosophy of the human person, and philosophical ethics. The text challenges naturalism, the predominant outlook in the academic world today, while postmodernist relativism and skepticism are also examined and rejected. Students of faith—and students without faith—will deepen their worldviews by thoughtfully examining the philosophical arguments that are presented in this book. Philosophy, Reasoned Belief, and Faith will appeal to Christian teachers, analytic theists, home educators, and general readers interested in the classic arguments supporting a theistic worldview.

An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic

Download An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521775014
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic by : Ian Hacking

Download or read book An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic written by Ian Hacking and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory 2001 textbook on probability and induction written by a foremost philosopher of science.