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Raman Scattering Measurements Of Vibrational And Rotational Distributions In Expanding Nitrogen
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Book Synopsis Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational and Rotational Distributions in Expanding Nitrogen by : W. D. Gillespie
Download or read book Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational and Rotational Distributions in Expanding Nitrogen written by W. D. Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies of Nitrogen Vibrational Distribution Function and Rotational-translational Temperature in Nonequilibrium Plasmas by Picosecond Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering Spectroscopy by : Aaron David Montello
Download or read book Studies of Nitrogen Vibrational Distribution Function and Rotational-translational Temperature in Nonequilibrium Plasmas by Picosecond Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering Spectroscopy written by Aaron David Montello and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CARS measurements within very low density flows in the Mach 5 expansion nozzle are also performed, with Tv measured in both the supersonic free-stream and downstream of a bow shock created by a 5mm diameter cylindrical test object in the Mach 5 flow. Measurements within 300um of the cylinder surface show that for pure N2, or N2 with 0.25torr CO2 injection, no vibrational relaxation is observed behind the bow shock.
Book Synopsis Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational Relaxation in Expanding Nitrogen by : Walter Dale Gillespie
Download or read book Raman Scattering Measurements of Vibrational Relaxation in Expanding Nitrogen written by Walter Dale Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 30th AIAA Thermophysics Conference by :
Download or read book 30th AIAA Thermophysics Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer by :
Download or read book Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This journal is devoted to the advancement of the science and technology of thermophysics and heat transfer through the dissemination of original research papers disclosing new technical knowledge and exploratory developments and applications based on new knowledge. It publishes papers that deal with the properties and mechanisms involved in thermal energy transfer and storage in gases, liquids, and solids or combinations thereof. These studies include conductive, convective, and radiative modes alone or in combination and the effects of the environment.
Book Synopsis Raman Spectroscopy Under Liquid Nitrogen (RUN) by : Robert N. Compton
Download or read book Raman Spectroscopy Under Liquid Nitrogen (RUN) written by Robert N. Compton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a simple yet innovative method for performing Raman spectroscopy of samples submerged under liquid nitrogen. While Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for the characterization of the structure of matter in the gaseous, liquid, and solid phases, one major difficulty in its application has been laser damage to the material under investigation, especially for biological samples. This book demonstrates how immersion of the sample in liquid nitrogen protects the sample from thermal degradation and oxidation at high incident laser power and allows improvements in sensitivity and spectral resolution over room-temperature Raman spectroscopy, leading to the so-called RUN (Raman Spectroscopy Under liquid Nitrogen) technique. Cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature also allows the selection of the lowest energy molecular conformation for molecules which may have many low energy conformers. In addition, the presence of liquid nitrogen over a roughened surface improves the sensitivity of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), enabling the closely related SERSUN (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Under liquid Nitrogen) technique. This book starts with the theoretical and experimental basics of Raman and polarized Raman spectroscopy, before moving on to detailed descriptions of RUN and SERSUN. Room temperature and RUN spectra are provided for over fifty molecules.
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Single-pulse Spontaneous Raman Scattering Measurements in an Expanding Nitrogen-oxygen Admixture by : John O. Gilmore
Download or read book Single-pulse Spontaneous Raman Scattering Measurements in an Expanding Nitrogen-oxygen Admixture written by John O. Gilmore and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interpretation and Processing of Vibrational Spectra by : Milan Horák
Download or read book Interpretation and Processing of Vibrational Spectra written by Milan Horák and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1978 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Vibration-to-vibration Energy Transfer Rates of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen Using Stimulated Raman Scattering by : Tai Sang Ahn
Download or read book Determination of Vibration-to-vibration Energy Transfer Rates of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen Using Stimulated Raman Scattering written by Tai Sang Ahn and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Stimulated Raman scattering is used to vibrationally excite N 2, O 2 and H 2 molecules in the pressure range 300-760 Torr at room temperature. The subsequent vibration-to-vibration (VV) collisional energy transfer processes causes the excited vibrational levels of these molecules to be populated well above their equilibrium distribution at room temperature. The temporal evolution of the populations of vibrational levels as high as v=6 of these molecules is probed by spontaneous Raman scattering. The experimental results are compared to predictions from a Master Equation kinetics modeling code, incorporating VV energy transfer rate coefficients derived from several published theoretical models. Predictions using the rate coefficients given by three dimensional semi-classical trajectory calculations give good overall agreement with the experimental data for N 2, with those of the Forced Harmonic Oscillator Free Rotator (FHO-FR) model giving the best overall agreement followed by the rates from models of Billing and Fisher and the models of Bogdanov et al. Rate coefficients calculated using one dimensional theory failed to give good agreement with experiment. For the O 2 -O 2 and H 2 -H 2 VV rates, even the rate coefficients from three dimensional semi-classical theory fails to give accurate predictions and new sets of rate coefficients are needed. Intensities of spontaneous Raman scattering transitions originating from H 2 (v=1), populated by stimulated Raman scattering were measured and compared to those from ground level. The experimentally determined Raman cross section ratio between v=1 and v=0 is consistent with theoretical predictions of Schwartz and LeRoy.
Book Synopsis Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species by : Alan C. Eckbreth
Download or read book Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species written by Alan C. Eckbreth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-10-10 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on spectroscopically-based, spatially-precise, laser techniques for temperature and chemical composition measurements in reacting and non-reacting flows, this book makes these powerful and important new tools in combustion research
Book Synopsis Application of Spontaneous Raman Scattering for Measurements of Thermal Non-equilibrium in High-speed Mixing and Combustion by : Heath Heinrich Reising
Download or read book Application of Spontaneous Raman Scattering for Measurements of Thermal Non-equilibrium in High-speed Mixing and Combustion written by Heath Heinrich Reising and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixing-induced vibrational non-equilibrium is studied in the turbulent shear layer between a high-speed jet and a surrounding hot-air coflow. The vibrational and rotational temperatures of N2 and O2 are determined by fitting measured spontaneous Raman scattering spectra to a model that allows for different equilibrium distributions of the vibrational and rotational states. The mixing of the jet fluid with the coflow gases occurs over microsecond time scales, which is sufficiently fast to induce vibrational non-equilibrium in the mixture of hot and cold gases. I measured the non-equilibrium on the hot side of the shear layer, but not on the cold side where the vibrational population in the first hot band is negligible. The effect of fluctuating temperatures on the time-averaged Raman measurement was quantified using single-shot Rayleigh thermometry. The Raman scattering results were found to be insensitive to fluctuations except where the flame is present intermittently. It was also found that the measured non-equilibrium increases in the shear layer when N2 is removed from the jet fluid, indicating that the measurements average two competing processes that occur simultaneously at a molecular scale: vibrationally hot N2 cooled by the fast jet fluid and vibrationally cold jet fluid heated by a hot coflow. An interesting inference is that the averaging effect is always present, regardless of the measurement resolution. No measurable vibrational non-equilibrium is found in the O2 molecules in the same non-reacting regions. This difference between species temperatures violates the two-temperature assumption often used in the modeling of high-temperature non-equilibrium flow. A new technique was developed to obtain spontaneous Raman scattering temperature measurements from a single laser pulse. This technique required the construction of a multiple-pass cell to obtain adequate scattered signal. Additionally, the pulse was stretched temporally with a system of partial reflectors and time-flight-delay ring cavities in order to reduce the peak power of the 1 J laser pulses. These measurements were found to be in agreement with the previous time-average results and allowed for measurement to be made near the fluctuating base of a lifted flame – a region where time-averaged measurements do not give meaningful results.
Book Synopsis 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit: 94-0420 - 94-0459 by :
Download or read book 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit: 94-0420 - 94-0459 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Distribution of Local Enhancement Factors in Surface Enhanced Raman-active Substrates and the Vibrational Dynamics in the Liquid Phase by : Ying Fang
Download or read book The Distribution of Local Enhancement Factors in Surface Enhanced Raman-active Substrates and the Vibrational Dynamics in the Liquid Phase written by Ying Fang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is observed on the nano-structured noble metallic surface, where Raman scattering is enhanced by a factor G which is frequently about one million, but underlying the factor G is a broad distribution of local enhancement factors eta. To reveal this distribution and obtain more information about structure-enhancement relationships, a method employing photochemical hole-burning is developed. A series of laser pulses with increasing electric fields burned away molecules at sites with progressively decreasing electromagnetic enhancement factors. We have measured this distribution for benzenethiolate molecules on 330 nm silver-coated nanospheres using incident light of wavelength 532 nanometers. The enhancement distribution was found to be a reversed power-law, with minimum and maximum cutoffs. The hottest sites account for just 63 in one million of the total, but contribute 24% to the overall SERS intensity. The substrate with non-close-packed (NCP) nanospheres of similar size has been tested for the comparison purpose. The distributions revealed additional information about their differences. Later, six different substrates have been compared with the excitation wavelength of 790nm laser. On the second project, vibrational dynamics in the liquid phase has been investigated thoroughly with ultrafast time-resolved anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. With the only method up-to-date that provides real-time state-resolved measurements of vibrational energy flow in molecules, vibrational energy transfer (VET) and vibrational relaxation (VR) processes are disclosed. Previously our group focused on nontoxic pure liquids, but now we are able to study aqueous solutions and precious or toxic liquids with the use of an upgraded laser system. In particular, I worked with my colleagues to successfully compare the vibrational dynamics between benzene and benzene-d6, as well as to study the vibrational dynamics of small biologically relevant molecules (i.e., glycine, N-methylacetamide and sodium benzoate) in D2O by probing both the solute and solvent. In both cases, the vibrational energy relaxation to the bath was monitored by either ultrafast Raman calorimetry for benzene or molecule thermometer for aqueous solution.
Book Synopsis Rarefied Gas Dynamics by : Bernie D. Shizgal
Download or read book Rarefied Gas Dynamics written by Bernie D. Shizgal and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Measurements of Thermochemistry in Non-isobaric Environments by : Alexander Christian Bayeh
Download or read book Rotational-vibrational Raman Spectroscopy for Measurements of Thermochemistry in Non-isobaric Environments written by Alexander Christian Bayeh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work examines line measurements of pressure, temperature, and density in high speed, non-isobaric flows emanating from an underexpanded jet nozzle. Line images of rotational and vibrational Raman spectra are collected for a 8-mm linear laser probe, and are combined onto the same EMCCD detector. Combining the two techniques allows for a single-shot measurement of major species, pressure, and temperature in a turbulent non-isobaric environment that is chemically reacting. Temperature measurements along the laser test section are extracted from the rotational Raman spectrum, whereas major species densities are measured by examining the intensities of their respective vibrational Raman lines. Pressure can be calculated using an equation of state, in every location along the linear laser probe. The technique feasibility is examined by performing measurements of pressure, temperature and density in a non-reacting underexpanded air jet where the chemical composition is constant and known. Future work will extend the technique to chemically reacting supersonic flows with unknown chemical composition.
