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Radionuclide Contamination As A Risk Factor In Terrestrial Ecosystems
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Book Synopsis Radionuclide Contamination as a Risk Factor in Terrestrial Ecosystems by : Peter Ostoich
Download or read book Radionuclide Contamination as a Risk Factor in Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Peter Ostoich and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radionuclide contamination poses serious hazards for terrestrial ecosystems. Beyond the readily apparent damage to the biota at high doses, low doses of ionizing radiation produce stochastic effects: mutation, carcinogenesis, and genomic instability. The proposed chapter is a review of the biological and ecological effects of radionuclides. The authors discuss, beyond the Chernobyl accident, other contamination events. The review includes the biological and ecological effects of the three principal technogenic contaminants in terrestrial ecosystems: Cs-137, Sr-90, and I-131. Ecological risks to terrestrial small mammals are assessed in detail. In addition, the chapter provides some of the lesser-known methods of remediation and detoxification, including the use of modified natural zeolites as environmental remedies and bio-sorbents. Presented herein is little-known information on environmental protection against radioactive contamination.
Book Synopsis Health Impacts of Large Releases of Radionuclides by : John V. Lake
Download or read book Health Impacts of Large Releases of Radionuclides written by John V. Lake and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-the-minute account examines how radionuclides affect human health. It explores how radionuclides travel through various food chains and how they are transported throughout the terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in Terrestrial Ecosystems by : K. L. Bocock
Download or read book Radionuclides in Terrestrial Ecosystems written by K. L. Bocock and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Contamination and Remediation Through Plants by : Dharmendra Kumar Gupta
Download or read book Radionuclide Contamination and Remediation Through Plants written by Dharmendra Kumar Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the mechanistic (microscopic) understanding of radionuclide uptake by plants in contaminated soils and potential use of phytoremediation. The key features concern radionuclide toxicity in plants, how the radioactive materials are absorbed by plants, and how the plants cope with the toxic responses. The respective chapters examine soil classification, natural plant selection, speciation of actinides, kinetic modeling, and case studies on cesium uptake after radiation accidents. Radionuclide contaminants pose serious problems for biological systems, due to their chemical toxicity and radiological effects. The processes by which radionuclides can be incorporated into vegetation can either originate from activity interception by external plant surfaces (either directly from the atmosphere or from resuspended material), or through uptake of radionuclides via the root system. Subsequent transfer of toxic elements to the human food chain is a concrete danger. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of transport into and within plants needs to be understood for two reasons: The effectiveness of radionuclide uptake into crop plants – so-called transfer coefficient – is a prerequisite for the calculation of dose due to the food path. On the other hand, efficient radionuclide transfer into plants can be made use of for decontamination of land – so-called phytoremediation, the direct use of living, green plants for in situ removal of pollutants from the environment or to reduce their concentrations to harmless levels.
Book Synopsis Radioactive contamination and vulnerability in the Arctic by : B J (Brenda) Howard
Download or read book Radioactive contamination and vulnerability in the Arctic written by B J (Brenda) Howard and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radioecology and the Restoration of Radioactive-Contaminated Sites by : F.F. Luykx
Download or read book Radioecology and the Restoration of Radioactive-Contaminated Sites written by F.F. Luykx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the nuclear facilities built since the Second World War have ceased active operation and have been decommissioned. Some of the sites are heavily contaminated with radioactive substances. Correct and efficient action to mitigate the radiological consequences of such contamination will only be possible when the behaviour of radionuclides in the terrestrial environment is sufficiently well known. Yet radioecologists often find it difficult to study the transfer of radioactivity in agricultural land and semi-natural ecosystems, because of the complexity and diversity of such environments. The present book presents an analysis of all the factors that affect the behaviour of radionuclides as they move from their point of release through the environment and then enter the tissues of biota living in the ecosystems, in particular plants and animals consumed by humans. The course on which the book is based was held in a region that is heavily contaminated by radioactive discharges into the environment during nuclear weapons fabrication in the 1950s and '60s, and due to a severe accidental release following the explosion of a rad-waste tank in 1957. This allowed in situ training of the students. The book's main emphasis is on specific radioecological problems in severely contaminated areas in the former Soviet Union: the Southern Urals Trail, the rivers Techa-Isert-Tobol-Irtis-Ob, and the 30 km zone around Chernobyl. Systems examined include soils, arable and pasture land, forests, lakes and rivers. Special attention is paid to the effects of radiation on natural ecosystems: trees, soil-dwelling organisms, and aquatic organisms. Synergistic effects are also considered. Short, medium and long term countermeasures are discussed.
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment by : Michael Poschl
Download or read book Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment written by Michael Poschl and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As radiological residue, both naturally occurring and technologically driven, works its way through the ecosystem, we see its negative effects on the human population. Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment addresses the key issues concerning the relationship between natural and manmade sources of environmental radioactivity
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in the Environment by : Clemens Walther
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Book Synopsis Explaining and Reducing Variability of Distribution Coefficients of Radionuclides in Soils by : Josep Oriol Ramírez Guinart
Download or read book Explaining and Reducing Variability of Distribution Coefficients of Radionuclides in Soils written by Josep Oriol Ramírez Guinart and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The assessment of the potential radiological risk for the human health and the environment that a radioactive contamination episode may entail is one of the most concerning issues in the current society, due to the increasing amounts of radioactive waste resulting from the proliferation of the nuclear industry and other activities. Such assessment is performed by taking into account a large number of environmental components, processes and interactions occurring in a given contamination scenario and governing the transport of radionuclides from the source point of contamination to a potential target individual. In those radioactive contamination episodes in which the terrestrial ecosystem may be affected, one of the key processes to be described, in order to properly assess the potential human exposure to radioactivity, is the partitioning of released radionuclides between water sources and soils in a given contaminated area, since it controls in a great extent radionuclide transport to non-contaminated areas and subsequent introduction into the food chain. Such process can be estimated with the solid-liquid distribution coefficient (Kd), which is a highly operational parameter that for a given radionuclide may remarkably vary depending on the soil-solution system characteristics. In light of this, the aim of this thesis is the development of strategies to provide reliable solid-liquid distribution coefficients (Kd) of radionuclides in soils as input data for models devoted to assess the radiological risk that could be arisen from radioactive contamination episodes involving the terrestrial ecosystem. To reach this goal, two different approaches aiming at reducing and explaining the variability of this parameter and based on the knowledge of the specific radionuclide-soil interaction behaviour, are explored. On the one hand, despite being paramount elements in the field of radioactive waste management and nuclear safety, there is limited knowledge regarding the interaction in soils of trivalent actinides and lanthanides, such as americium (Am) and samarium (Sm), respectively. Due to the scarce and highly variable soil Kd data available in the literature for these elements, and the unclear conclusions about their sorption mechanisms and the soil properties involved, the proposal of reliable Kd data for risk assessment purposes is seriously jeopardised. According to this, the present thesis is focused on the examination of the main factors controlling the interaction of trivalent actinides and lanthanides in soils. On the other hand, due to the lack of site-specific Kd data, radiological risk is frequently assessed with models using, as input data, generic soil Kd values of radionuclides. Such generic Kd data (single values or functions) most of times are statistically derived from compilations in which Kd values may range within several orders of magnitude as a result of contrasting sorption behaviour among the soil-solution systems involved. This fact leads to a high uncertainty in the description or prediction of radionuclide soil-to-solution partitioning in the contamination scenario under assessment. According to this, the present thesis is also committed to the development of a strategy to derive probabilistic Kd data from compilations with low uncertainty and suitable to perform reliable risk assessments.
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in terrestrial ecosystems by : S E (Stewart) Allen
Download or read book Radionuclides in terrestrial ecosystems written by S E (Stewart) Allen and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transfer of Radioactive Materials from the Terrestrial Environment to Animals and Man by : Reuben John Garner
Download or read book Transfer of Radioactive Materials from the Terrestrial Environment to Animals and Man written by Reuben John Garner and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radiation Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses by : National Research Council
Download or read book Radiation Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-16 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing public concern about releases of radiation into the environment has focused attention on the measurement of exposure of people living near nuclear weapons production facilities or in areas affected by accidental releases of radiation. Radiation-Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses responds to the need for criteria for dose reconstruction studies, particularly if the doses are to be useful in epidemiology. This book provides specific and practical recommendations for whether, when, and how studies should be conducted, with an emphasis on public participation. Based on the expertise of scientists involved in dozens of dose reconstruction projects, this volume: Provides an overview of the basic requirements and technical aspects of dose reconstruction. Presents lessons to be learned from dose reconstructions after Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and elsewhere. Explores the potential benefits and limitations of biological markers. Discusses how to establish the "source term"â€"that is, to determine what was released. Explores methods for identifying the environmental pathways by which radiation reaches the body. Offers details on three major categories of dose assessment.
Book Synopsis The terrestrial ecosystem by : O W (Bill) Heal
Download or read book The terrestrial ecosystem written by O W (Bill) Heal and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution and retention of radionuclides within terrestrial ecosystems varies greatly with both the radionuclide and the environmental conditions. Although there are few direct analogues, understanding of the dynamics of stable isotopes can indicate the general conditions under which major variation in radionuclide mobility will occur. Physico-chemical conditions, particularly those of the soil, strongly influence element retention but superimposed on these conditions, and interacting with them, are the biological processes which control the dynamics of the labile fraction of most elements. Net ecosystem production expresses the complementary biological processes of primary production and decomposition which control the internal element dynamics and the balance of inputs to and outputs from terrestrial ecosystems. Analysis of ecosystem structure and function has shown that, although research often concentrates on relatively stable stages of ecosystem development, element retention is high during the early stages of ecosystem succession through the accumulation of plant biomass and dead organic matter. Element output tends to increase with time reaching a balance with inputs in mature ecosystems. Following disturbance - either natural or induced by man - plant uptake tends to be reduced and decomposition stimulated, resulting in increased output until secondary succession and accumulation is re-established. Aspects of heterogeneity within ecosystems which influence element dynamics are a shifting spatial mosaic, species diversity, the turnover time of components and exceptional climatic events. Research on element dynamics in ecosystems indicates that major factors influencing the mobility of radionuclides in terrestrial systems will be the successional state of the ecosystem and intensity of disturbance. Thus, selection of sites for research on the labile fractions of radionuclides may be critical in assessing the changing pattern of distribution within terre.
Author :International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher :International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN 13 :9789201007148 Total Pages :220 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (71 download)
Book Synopsis Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer to Wildlife by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer to Wildlife written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2014 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides generic parameter values for estimating the transfer of radionuclides from environmental media to wildlife for the purpose of assessing potential radiation exposure under equilibrium conditions. These data are intended for use where site specific data are either not available or not required, and to parameterize generic assessment models. They are based on a comprehensive review of the available literature, including many Russian language publications that have not previously been available in English. The publication addresses the limitations of the parameter values and the applicability of data. Some general background information on the assessment of potential impacts of radioactive releases on wildlife is also included. It complements the existing handbook in the same IAEA series with parameter to assess the radiological impact to humans.
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in the Environment by : Clemens Walther
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclide s ar e removed from plants by the airstream and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in Terrestrial Ecosystems by : A D (Dave) Horrill
Download or read book Radionuclides in Terrestrial Ecosystems written by A D (Dave) Horrill and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radioactive Risk and Terrestrial Ecosystems:terrestrial Radioecology by : Badot
Download or read book Radioactive Risk and Terrestrial Ecosystems:terrestrial Radioecology written by Badot and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
