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Author : Steven Alan Fetter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Radiological Hazards of Fusion Reactors written by Steven Alan Fetter and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert William Sawdye
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (524 download)
Download or read book Application of Probabilistic Consequence Analysis to the Assessment of Potential Radiological Hazards of Fusion Reactors written by Robert William Sawdye and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A methodology has been developed to provide system reliability criteria based on an assessment of the potential radiological hazards associated with a fusion reactor design and on hazard constraints which prevent fusion reactors from being more hazardous than light water reactors. The probabilistic consequence analyses, to determine the results of radioactivity releases, employed the consequence model developed to assess the risks associated with light water reactors for the Reactor Safety Study. The calculational model was modified to handle the isotopes induced in the structural materials of two conceptual Tokamak reactor designs, UWMAK-I and UWMAK-III. Volatile oxidation of the first wall during a lithium fire appears to be a primary means of disrupting induced activity, and the molybdenum alloy, TZM (UWMAK-III), tends to be more susceptible than 316 stainless steel (UWMAK-I) to mobilization by this mechanism. It was determined that the radiological hazards associated with induced activity in these reactor designs imply reliability requirements comparable to those estimated for light water reactors. The consequences of estimated maximum possible releases of induced activity, however, are substantially less than the maximum light water reactor accident consequences.
Author : S. A. Fetter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (478 download)
Download or read book Radiological Hazards of Fusion Reactors. Models and Comparisons. Dissertation written by S. A. Fetter and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bruno Brunelli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461306191
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Safety, Environmental Impact, and Economic Prospects of Nuclear Fusion written by Bruno Brunelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the lectures and the concluding discussion of the "Seminar on Safety, Environmental Impact, and Economic Prospects of Nuclear Fusion", which was held at Erice, August 6-12, 1989. In selecting the contributions to this 9th meeting held by the International School of Fusion Reactor Technology at the E. Majorana Center for Scientific Cul ture in Erice, we tried to provide a comprehensive coverage of the many interre lated and interdisciplinary aspects of what ultimately turns out to be the global acceptance criteria of our society with respect to controlled nuclear fusion. Consequently, this edited collection of the papers presented should provide an overview of these issues. We thus hope that this book, with its extensive subject index, will also be of interest and help to nonfusion specialists and, in general, to those who from curiosity or by assignment are required to be informed on these as pects of fusion energy.
Download or read book Safety and Environmental Aspects of Fusion Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusion is examined against the yardstick of fission technology with respect to inventories of radioactivity (and associated Biological Hazard Potentials), routine emissions, accident pathways and consequences, radioactive-waste management, and misuse of nuclear materials. Based on conceptual designs of Tokamak fusion reactors with stainless steel structure and tritium inventories of 10 kg per thermal gigawatt, the apparent advantage of fusion is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in most indices of radiological hazards. Fusion's advantage is 2 to 5 orders of magnitude in comparing damage potential of intentional airborne dispersal of tritium and plutonium, and nonexistent in comparing medium-term radwaste hazard potential (1000 to 100,000 years) and intentional waterborne dispersal of tritium and plutonium. Fusion appears to have some qualitative advantages with respect to accident pathways and safeguards considerations. Fusion has the theoretical potential for improvements of 1 to 2 additional orders of magnitude in short-term BHPs and 3 orders of magnitude and more in radwaste BHPs after 10 years if vanadium-titanium alloy can be used in place of stainless steel in the reactor structure. Other important unresolved questions are how much the inventory of tritium can be reduced by ingenious design, and what fraction of a fusion reactor's activation products could be volatilized and released in a severe accident such as a lithium fire. Overall, fusion's potential advantages are appreciable but not automatic--it will require early and sustained attention to environmental characteristics to avoid losing some of the potential advantages in pursuit of other goals.
Author : Tak Yun Sung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Radioactivity Calculations in Fusion Reactors written by Tak Yun Sung and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas J. Dolan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447155564
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Fusion Technology written by Thomas J. Dolan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Fusion Technology describes the technologies that are required for successful development of nuclear fusion power plants using strong magnetic fields. These technologies include: • magnet systems, • plasma heating systems, • control systems, • energy conversion systems, • advanced materials development, • vacuum systems, • cryogenic systems, • plasma diagnostics, • safety systems, and • power plant design studies. Magnetic Fusion Technology will be useful to students and to specialists working in energy research.
Author : Yu V. Sivintsev
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (364 download)
Download or read book A Comparison of the Radiation Hazard of Fission and Fusion Reactors ... Article written by Yu V. Sivintsev and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Terry Kammash
Publisher : Ann Arbor Science Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Fusion Reactor Physics written by Terry Kammash and published by Ann Arbor Science Publishers. This book was released on 1975 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309270626
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Inertial Confinement Fusion Targets written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fall of 2010, the Office of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Secretary for Science asked for a National Research Council (NRC) committee to investigate the prospects for generating power using inertial confinement fusion (ICF) concepts, acknowledging that a key test of viability for this concept-ignition -could be demonstrated at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the relatively near term. The committee was asked to provide an unclassified report. However, DOE indicated that to fully assess this topic, the committee's deliberations would have to be informed by the results of some classified experiments and information, particularly in the area of ICF targets and nonproliferation. Thus, the Panel on the Assessment of Inertial Confinement Fusion Targets ("the panel") was assembled, composed of experts able to access the needed information. The panel was charged with advising the Committee on the Prospects for Inertial Confinement Fusion Energy Systems on these issues, both by internal discussion and by this unclassified report. A Panel on Fusion Target Physics ("the panel") will serve as a technical resource to the Committee on Inertial Confinement Energy Systems ("the Committee") and will prepare a report that describes the R&D challenges to providing suitable targets, on the basis of parameters established and provided to the Panel by the Committee. The Panel on Fusion Target Physics will prepare a report that will assess the current performance of fusion targets associated with various ICF concepts in order to understand: 1. The spectrum output; 2. The illumination geometry; 3. The high-gain geometry; and 4. The robustness of the target design. The panel addressed the potential impacts of the use and development of current concepts for Inertial Fusion Energy on the proliferation of nuclear weapons information and technology, as appropriate. The Panel examined technology options, but does not provide recommendations specific to any currently operating or proposed ICF facility.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Radiological Characterization of Shut Down Nuclear Reactors for Decommissioning Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes and assesses radiological characterization as a precursor to decommissioning. It shows the influence of the radioactive inventory on the planning and strategies of decommissioning and also presents an extensive overview of characterization results on various reactors which have been or are being decommissioned.
Author : Günther Kessler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3709176220
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Fission Reactors written by Günther Kessler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear power offers an abundant energy supply for the long term and at reasonable costs. Both are badly needed in this world of limited energy reserves and rising energy prices. On the other hand, there are questions widely discussed in the public on nuclear safety, on acceptable means of nuclear waste disposal, and concern on the proliferation of nuclear weapon capabilities. Public confu sion is widespread since facts are often overshadowed by emotions. Recognizing the need for reliable, factual and comprehensive information on nuclear energy, this book on Nuclear Fission Reactors is published .to present the scientific and technical facts of nuclear fission reactors, and to analyse their potential role and risks. The author, Professor Dr. G. Kessler, has worked in nuclear research and project management since 1963. From 1975 to 1978, he acted as project leader for the German/Belgian/Dutch Fast Breeder research and. development activi ties. Since then, he has been Director of the Institute of Neutron Physics and Reactor Technology in the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre. The book is part of the series "Topics in Energy" issued by Springer Publish ers. The intention of this series of in-depth analyses is to present the facts, inherent problems, trends and prospects of energy demand, resources and tech nologies. The vital importance of energy for human activities has become apparent to the public particularly through dramatic events in the area of oil supply.
Author : Micah Daniel Lowenthal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Radioactive Waste from Nuclear Fusion written by Micah Daniel Lowenthal and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Inertial Fusion Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If fusion energy is to achieve its full potential for safety and environmental (S & E) advantages, the S & E characteristics of fusion power plant designs must be quantified and understood, and the resulting insights must be embodied in the ongoing process of development of fusion energy. As part of this task, the present work compares S & E characteristics of five inertial and two magnetic fusion power plant designs. For each design, a set of radiological hazard indices has been calculated with a system of computer codes and data libraries assembled for this purpose. These indices quantify the radiological hazards associated with the operation of fusion power plants with respect to three classes of hazard: accidents, occupational exposure, and waste disposal. The three classes of hazard have been qualitatively integrated to rank the best and worst fusion power plant designs with respect to S & E characteristics. From these rankings, the specific designs, and other S & E trends, design features that result in S & E advantages have been identified. Additionally, key areas for future fusion research have been identified. Specific experiments needed include the investigation of elemental release rates (expanded to include many more materials) and the verification of sequential charged-particle reactions. Improvements to the calculational methodology are recommended to enable future comparative analyses to represent more accurately the radiological hazards presented by fusion power plants. Finally, future work must consider economic effects. Trade-offs among design features will be decided not by S & E characteristics alone, but also by cost-benefit analyses. 118 refs., 35 figs., 35 tabs.
Author : Gianni Petrangeli
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008046078X
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Safety written by Gianni Petrangeli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-05-30 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Safety provides the methods and data needed to evaluate and manage the safety of nuclear facilities and related processes using risk-based safety analysis, and provides readers with the techniques to assess the consequences of radioactive releases. The book covers relevant international and regional safety criteria (US, IAEA, EUR, PUN, URD, INI). The contents deal with each of the critical components of a nuclear plant, and provide an analysis of the risks arising from a variety of sources, including earthquakes, tornadoes, external impact and human factors. It also deals with the safety of underground nuclear testing and the handling of radioactive waste. Covers all plant components and potential sources of risk including human, technical and natural factors. Brings together information on nuclear safety for which the reader would previously have to consult many different and expensive sources. Provides international design and safety criteria and an overview of regulatory regimes.
Author : Wade Allison
Publisher : YPD-BOOKS
ISBN 13 : 0956275613
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (562 download)
Download or read book Radiation and Reason written by Wade Allison and published by YPD-BOOKS. This book was released on 2009 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a positive and accessible account of the effect of radiation on life that brings good news for the future of mankind. For more than half a century the view that radiation represents an extreme hazard has been accepted. This book challenges that view by facing the question "How dangerous is ionising radiation?" Briefly the answer is that radiation is about a thousand times less hazardous than suggested by current safety standards. For many this will come as a surprise and then quickly raise a second question "Why are people so worried about radiation?" This is the out-of-date result of Cold War politics combined with a concern about radiation that was appropriate in an earlier age when the scientific understanding was limited. In the book these answers are explained in accessible language and related directly to modern scientific evidence and understanding, for instance the high levels of radiation used to the benefit of health in every major hospital. Four facts illustrate the need for a new understanding. 1. The radiation levels in the nuclear waste storage hall at Sellafield, UK are so low (1 micro-sievert per hour) that anyone would have to stay there for a million hours to receive the same dose that any patient on a course of radiotherapy treatment receives to their healthy tissue in a single day (1 sievert or gray). 2. The radiation dose experienced by the survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs caused 0.6% to die of radiation-induced cancer between 1950 and 2000, that is about 1/20 of the chance of dying of cancer anyway and less than the chance of being killed on US highways in that period. 3. The wildlife at Chernobyl today is reported to be thriving, despite being radioactive. 4. The mortality of UK radiation workers before age 85 from all cancers is 15-20% lower than comparable groups. The case for a complete change in attitude towards radiation safety is unrelated to the effects of climate change. But the realisation that radiation and nuclear energy are much safer than is usually supposed is of extreme importance to the current discussion of alternatives to fossil fuels and their relative costs.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309272246
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book An Assessment of the Prospects for Inertial Fusion Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-07-05 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential for using fusion energy to produce commercial electric power was first explored in the 1950s. Harnessing fusion energy offers the prospect of a nearly carbon-free energy source with a virtually unlimited supply of fuel. Unlike nuclear fission plants, appropriately designed fusion power plants would not produce the large amounts of high-level nuclear waste that requires long-term disposal. Due to these prospects, many nations have initiated research and development (R&D) programs aimed at developing fusion as an energy source. Two R&D approaches are being explored: magnetic fusion energy (MFE) and inertial fusion energy (IFE). An Assessment of the Prospects for Inertial Fusion Energy describes and assesses the current status of IFE research in the United States; compares the various technical approaches to IFE; and identifies the scientific and engineering challenges associated with developing inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in particular as an energy source. It also provides guidance on an R&D roadmap at the conceptual level for a national program focusing on the design and construction of an inertial fusion energy demonstration plant.
