Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breastfeeding Practices and the Impact of Interventions in a Low-Income Population in Los Angeles County

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breastfeeding Practices and the Impact of Interventions in a Low-Income Population in Los Angeles County by : Linghui Jiang

Download or read book Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breastfeeding Practices and the Impact of Interventions in a Low-Income Population in Los Angeles County written by Linghui Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breastfeeding is one of the most effective 'interventions' for reducing infant mortality. Despite ongoing efforts to promote breastfeeding, current breastfeeding rates in the U.S. are still low, and socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding practices have persisted. Improving breastfeeding practices among socially disadvantaged groups remains challenging. The goal of this dissertation is to improve breastfeeding rates and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding practices in the United States. Specifically, this dissertation aims to: (1) assess the influences of breastfeeding support from family, hospitals and workplaces on breastfeeding duration; (2) determine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding duration could be explained by breastfeeding support; and (3) estimate the population impact of multifaceted breastfeeding promotion interventions. Using data on approximately 4,000 mothers enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), from the triennial Los Angeles County WIC Survey (2014, 2017), this dissertation found that breastfeeding support from family, hospitals and workplaces was significantly associated with longer breastfeeding duration, and that Black mothers and English-speaking Latina mothers have significantly lower breastfeeding rates than White mothers, with the difference widening over increasing duration. Results from causal mediation analysis (specifically, g-computation) showed that lack of access to breastfeeding support from family, hospitals and workplaces accounted for approximately two-thirds of the difference in breastfeeding duration between White and Black mothers, and one-third of the difference between White and English-speaking Latina mothers. This dissertation also illustrated the use of agent-based modeling (ABM) for estimating the population impact of five selected breastfeeding promotion interventions (improving knowledge, implementing Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative practices, providing breastfeeding counseling, strengthening family support, and fostering supportive workplace environments) implemented singly or in combination with each other. The ABM demonstrated that while improving knowledge and increasing the availability of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative practices improve breastfeeding initiation rates, breastfeeding counseling, family support and a supportive workplace environment are more effective in improving breastfeeding duration. Increasing the coverage of multiple interventions simultaneously had a synergistic effect on breastfeeding duration, with their effects being greater than the additive effects of increasing the coverage of these interventions singly.

Multi-level Analysis of the Role of the Workplace and Employment in Racial Disparities in Breastfeeding Practices

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (961 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-level Analysis of the Role of the Workplace and Employment in Racial Disparities in Breastfeeding Practices by : Elizabeth Ann Dalianis

Download or read book Multi-level Analysis of the Role of the Workplace and Employment in Racial Disparities in Breastfeeding Practices written by Elizabeth Ann Dalianis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this dissertation was to examine the relationship between working and breastfeeding with a focus on how policies governing the workplace impact racial disparities in breastfeeding practices. Work is one of a number of factors that influence breastfeeding and social determinants, such as race, gender, economic and educational resources, influence one’s occupation and workplace. Racial/ethnic disparities in employment type play a role in breastfeeding disparities because of inconsistency in policy coverage by occupation, which dramatically impact vulnerable women. Inadequate policy protection for breastfeeding amongst working mothers exacerbates racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in breastfeeding. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine this relationship in depth through a literature review, policy analysis, and examination of secondary data on infant feeding practices. The theoretical framework underlying these studies intertwines the feminist perspective, intersectionality, with the life course approach in understanding how the workplace impacts disparities in breastfeeding practices.

Demographic Changes, a View from California

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309148863
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Demographic Changes, a View from California by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Demographic Changes, a View from California written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IOM held a workshop on July 28, 2008, to examine strategies for discussing health disparities in ways that engage the public and motivate change. Speakers focused on health disparities in California, which continues to see dramatic demographic shifts.

Communities in Action

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Review of WIC Food Packages

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309380006
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Review of WIC Food Packages by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Review of WIC Food Packages written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population. To assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This, the second report of this series, provides a summary of the work of phase I of the study, and serves as the analytical underpinning for phase II in which the committee will report its final conclusions and recommendations.

Vibrant and Healthy Kids

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309493382
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Vibrant and Healthy Kids by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Vibrant and Healthy Kids written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are the foundation of the United States, and supporting them is a key component of building a successful future. However, millions of children face health inequities that compromise their development, well-being, and long-term outcomes, despite substantial scientific evidence about how those adversities contribute to poor health. Advancements in neurobiological and socio-behavioral science show that critical biological systems develop in the prenatal through early childhood periods, and neurobiological development is extremely responsive to environmental influences during these stages. Consequently, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors significantly affect a child's health ecosystem and ability to thrive throughout adulthood. Vibrant and Healthy Kids: Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity builds upon and updates research from Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity (2017) and From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000). This report provides a brief overview of stressors that affect childhood development and health, a framework for applying current brain and development science to the real world, a roadmap for implementing tailored interventions, and recommendations about improving systems to better align with our understanding of the significant impact of health equity.

Breastfeeding Intention and Initiation Among Rural, Low-income Native American and African American Adolescent Mothers in North Carolina: Testing the Theory of Planned Behavior

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Breastfeeding Intention and Initiation Among Rural, Low-income Native American and African American Adolescent Mothers in North Carolina: Testing the Theory of Planned Behavior by : Cynthia Herndon

Download or read book Breastfeeding Intention and Initiation Among Rural, Low-income Native American and African American Adolescent Mothers in North Carolina: Testing the Theory of Planned Behavior written by Cynthia Herndon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT Infant feeding practices can greatly impact a child's life with far reaching implications based upon decisions a mother makes for her newborn. Breastfeeding is the preferred method of infant feeding because of its association with health benefits to both the mother and child. The prevalence of breastfeeding among rural, low income, disadvantaged groups to include Native American (NA) and African American (AA) adolescent mothers is low. NAs and AAs bear a disproportionate burden of illness and health risks compared to other races and ethnic groups in the United States. Breastfeeding is a targeted public health strategy to improve the health of infants and children and decrease or eliminate the gap of health disparities among the maternal-child aggregate populations in our nation. The purpose of the study was to (1) test the Theory of Planned Behavior by examining the relationship of the components (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control/ self-efficacy, and breastfeeding knowledge) to determine breastfeeding intention and initiation of rural, low-income Native American (NA) and African American (AA) adolescent mothers in rural communities in southeastern North Carolina; (2) determine the significant similarities and differences between breastfeeding and formula feeding adolescent groups related to the constructs; (3) explore the relationship of intention to initiation, and (4) examine the relationship between sociodemographic variables with breastfeeding intention and initiation of adolescent mothers. The sample included 60 NA and 60 AA adolescents recruited through resources of care that were offered to prenatal clients in two public health departments. Findings included the constructs of the TPB were significant in predicting the probability of breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding initiation in rural, low-income NA and AA adolescent mothers. Overall total variance explained by the model related to the prediction of breastfeeding initiation at 4 days postpartum was 73% and correctly classified 92.2% of cases. Three control measures were found to be statistically significant, with Perceived Breastfeeding Control having the highest significance, followed by Negative Breastfeeding Sentiments and Social Professional Support. The model revealed a statistical significance in the relationship of breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding initiation at 4 days postpartum in rural, low-income NA and AA adolescent mothers. The strongest predictor of breastfeeding initiation was the Breastfeeding Control Scale. The Formula Feeding Group scored significantly higher on the Negative Breastfeeding Sentiments scale, whereas the Breastfeeding Group scored significantly higher on the Breastfeeding Control Scale and the Positive Breastfeeding Sentiment Scale. Significant differences were found related to ethnic groups, with NA adolescents initiating breastfeeding more often, being married more often, and living with a significant other more often than AAs. More adolescents who attended childbirth classes and breastfeeding classes breastfed than those who did not. Recommendations of the study included the utilization of the constructs of the TPB in development of research based assessments and interventions that promote breastfeeding behavior among rural, low-income NA and AA adolescent mothers, and identification of at-risk individuals for not breastfeeding and promoting programs to assist with providing help for resolving barriers to breastfeeding, and nurse educators emphasizing the importance of promoting breastfeeding among adolescents and vulnerable populations

Unequal Treatment

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908265X
Total Pages : 781 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Unequal Treatment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

Review of WIC Food Packages

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309450160
Total Pages : 1063 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Review of WIC Food Packages by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Review of WIC Food Packages written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-25 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population. To assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In this third report, the committee provides its final analyses, recommendations, and the supporting rationale.

Parenting Matters

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309388570
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Parenting Matters by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

Hispanics and the Future of America

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309164818
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Hispanics and the Future of America by : National Research Council

Download or read book Hispanics and the Future of America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call "Hispanic." The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics' geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues.

Immigration, Cultural Identity, and Mental Health

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190661704
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Immigration, Cultural Identity, and Mental Health by : Eugenio M. Rothe

Download or read book Immigration, Cultural Identity, and Mental Health written by Eugenio M. Rothe and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""Cultural Identity and Mental Health is a unique book because it defines culture and identity from a developmental perspective; therefore delving more deeply into the psychological, social and biological aspects of the immigrant and refugee experience in the U.S.A. and it explains how these experiences help to shape the development of the person's cultural identity. The book presents a very detailed discussion on the concept of acculturation and reviews all of the available literature on the subject. It also covers the sociological, anthropological, political and economic aspects of the immigrant and refugee experience and how these variables impact on mental health, thus presenting the experience of migration from a very broad and humanistic perspective. This book embarks on a deep exploration of the psychodynamic experience of immigration, while at the same time covering the epidemiological risk factors and protective factors related to the immigrant experience; thus, presenting ample and up to date empirically-based data. The book has a unique chapter addressing the true and accurate statistics of immigrant criminality and explores and analyzes this data under a new lens, helping to dispel the myths that result from contemporary anti-immigrant rhetoric. It also explains the types of crimes committed by immigrants, immigrants as victims of crime, cultural crimes, and motivations and the explanatory narratives presented by those who violate immigration laws. In addition, it also covers the history of immigrant criminality in the United States. The book has another important chapter addressing Immigrant Narratives and the role and importance of the personal-historical narrative in life-story construction, and the narrative as a therapeutic tool that can help to repair the trauma of loss and dislocation suffered by many immigrants when they leave their country of origin and begin a life in a new host country. It also introduces the role of the new immigrant narratives in contemporary literature and how this literature can be used by teachers and parents to help integrate the experiences of the different generations of the immigrant family, as well as to educate the younger generations of Americans about the country's new cultural diversity. There is a chapter that explains the new concept of Transnational Identities that result from the improved communication technologies, as well as from more accessible travel, which have deeply changed the immigrant experience and are part of the new phenomenon of globalization. Another interesting chapter analyzes the phenomenon of Return Migrations comparing the points of view of the returning immigrant with those of the ones who stayed behind, further analyzing this topic from a psychological and socioeconomic perspective. It also explains the psychological meaning of Pilgrimages in which the pilgrim visits, not necessarily the land of his or her actual birth or upbringing, but the land of the ancestral family history, in an attempt to bridge the gaps between the generations and to better integrate the pilgrim's sense of ethnic and cultural identity. In addition, this book also has an extensive and well-documented chapter on the refugee experience, outlining the current world-wide refugee crisis and explaining the sociopolitical reasons behind the crisis, as well as offering new evidence-based treatments for this population. This is a very comprehensive and well-written book that covers adults, children, adolescents and families and describes the sociocultural experience of the various generations of immigrants in their adaptation to life in the U.S. It also explores the immigration-related family separations as well as the psychological impact faced by the children that stay behind and later re-unify with their parents in the U.S., as well as those families that are separated by deportation. Finally, the book also presents a comprehensive chapter on culturally-sensitive and culturally-competent evidence-based mental health treatments for the various generations of these populations, including recommendations on ethno-pharmacology. One of the many strengths of the book are the very compelling and clearly explained clinical cases, which help to illustrate the theoretical concepts that are presented in each chapter. This book is a very timely and very valuable contribution to the bio-psycho-social study of the immigrant experience to the U.S. in its first generation and beyond, and is an essential tool for students and professionals in the social sciences, in the fields of social work, psychology, medicine and psychiatry, and for members of government organizations responsible for urban planning, policy and budgets, as well as for agencies dealing with the reception, placement and assistance of immigrants and refugees. ""--

Birthing Justice

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317277201
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Birthing Justice by : Julia Chinyere Oparah

Download or read book Birthing Justice written by Julia Chinyere Oparah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a global crisis in maternal health care for black women. In the United States, black women are over three times more likely to perish from pregnancy-related complications than white women; their babies are half as likely to survive the first year. Many black women experience policing, coercion, and disempowerment during pregnancy and childbirth and are disconnected from alternative birthing traditions. This book places black women's voices at the center of the debate on what should be done to fix the broken maternity system and foregrounds black women's agency in the emerging birth justice movement. Mixing scholarly, activist, and personal perspectives, the book shows readers how they too can change lives, one birth at a time.

Contingency Management in Substance Abuse Treatment

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Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 1593855710
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (938 download)

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Book Synopsis Contingency Management in Substance Abuse Treatment by : Stephen T. Higgins

Download or read book Contingency Management in Substance Abuse Treatment written by Stephen T. Higgins and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely and authoritative, this volume brings together leading clinical researchers to describe contemporary applications of contingency management principles across a wide range of substance use disorders and patient populations. Contingency management uses a system of incentives and disincentives to motivate patients to meet their treatment goals, and has been implemented successfully in community treatment clinics, drug courts, and other settings. Featuring illustrative case material, the book presents a cogent empirical rationale and practical strategies for targeting major drugs of abuse and working with specific populations, including adolescents, pregnant women, and dually diagnosed and homeless individuals. Also addressed are the nuts and bolts of developing and funding contingency management programs.

Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309139279
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity by : National Research Council

Download or read book Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments-with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues-are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels-federal, state, and local-in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators.

Closing the Gap in a Generation

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Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241563702
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Closing the Gap in a Generation by : WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health

Download or read book Closing the Gap in a Generation written by WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.

Racism in Medicine

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Racism in Medicine by : Naaz Coker

Download or read book Racism in Medicine written by Naaz Coker and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racism in Medicine attempts to tackle the harassment and discrimination that some people from minority ethnic groups working in the NHS currently endure. It highlights the issues, raise awareness and includes recommendations for best practice.