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Race And Regionalism In The Politics Of Taxation In Brazil And South Africa
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Book Synopsis Race and Regionalism in the Politics of Taxation in Brazil and South Africa by : Evan S. Lieberman
Download or read book Race and Regionalism in the Politics of Taxation in Brazil and South Africa written by Evan S. Lieberman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-09 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Book Synopsis Framing the Race in South Africa by : Karen E. Ferree
Download or read book Framing the Race in South Africa written by Karen E. Ferree and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-apartheid South African elections have borne an unmistakable racial imprint: Africans vote for one set of parties, whites support a different set of parties, and, with few exceptions, there is no crossover voting between groups. These voting tendencies have solidified the dominance of the ruling African National Congress (ANC) over South African politics and turned South African elections into 'racial censuses'. This book explores the political sources of these outcomes. It argues that although the beginnings of these patterns lie in South Africa's past, in the effects apartheid had on voters' beliefs about race and destiny and the reputations parties forged during this period, the endurance of the census reflects the ruling party's ability to use the powers of office to prevent the opposition from evolving away from its apartheid-era party label. By keeping key opposition parties 'white', the ANC has rendered them powerless, solidifying its hold on power in spite of an increasingly restive and dissatisfied electorate.
Book Synopsis Advances in Comparative-Historical Analysis by : James Mahoney
Download or read book Advances in Comparative-Historical Analysis written by James Mahoney and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the backdrop of an explosion of interest in new techniques for data collection and theory testing, this volume provides a fresh programmatic statement about comparative-historical analysis. It examines the advances and distinctive contributions that CHA has made to theory generation and the explanation of large-scale outcomes that newer approaches often regard as empirically intractable. An introductory essay locates the sources of CHA's enduring influence in core characteristics that distinguish this approach, such as its attention to process and its commitment to empirically grounded, deep case-based research. Subsequent chapters explore broad research programs inspired by CHA work, new analytic tools for studying temporal processes and institutional dynamics, and recent methodological tools for analyzing sequences and for combining CHA work with other approaches. This volume is essential reading for scholars seeking to learn about the sources of CHA's enduring influence and its contemporary analytical and methodological techniques.
Book Synopsis Race and American Political Development by : Joseph E. Lowndes
Download or read book Race and American Political Development written by Joseph E. Lowndes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race has been present at every critical moment in American political development, shaping political institutions, political discourse, public policy, and its denizens’ political identities. But because of the nature of race—its evolving and dynamic status as a structure of inequality, a political organizing principle, an ideology, and a system of power—we must study the politics of race historically, institutionally, and discursively. Covering more than three hundred years of American political history from the founding to the contemporary moment, the contributors in this volume make this extended argument. Together, they provide an understanding of American politics that challenges our conventional disciplinary tools of studying politics and our conservative political moment’s dominant narrative of racial progress. This volume, the first to collect essays on the role of race in American political history and development, resituates race in American politics as an issue for sustained and broadened critical attention.
Book Synopsis Decentralization and Recentralization in the Developing World by : James Tyler Dickovick
Download or read book Decentralization and Recentralization in the Developing World written by James Tyler Dickovick and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Examines decentralization and recentralization in the developing world, focusing on a comparison of Brazil and South Africa in the 1990s. Argues that decentralization follows declines in executive power, while subsequent recentralization is contingent upon presidents gaining exceptional governing opportunities, especially by resolving economic crises"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis The Rise of the Value-Added Tax by : Kathryn James
Download or read book The Rise of the Value-Added Tax written by Kathryn James and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the value-added tax (VAT) has risen from relative obscurity to become one of the world's most dominant revenue instruments.
Book Synopsis South African Foreign Policy by : David R Black
Download or read book South African Foreign Policy written by David R Black and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the identity, direction, and intentions embodied in post-apartheid South African Foreign Policy. It aims to deepen the understanding of this evolving post-apartheid foreign policy through an exploration of the nature and trajectory of key bilateral relationships from both the global ‘South’ (Brazil, China, Iran, the AU) and ‘North’ (Japan and the UK). This window on the country’s international relations enriches understanding of the normative and structural factors that influence not only South African foreign policy, but those of what Jordaan (2003) calls emerging middle powers as they seek to position themselves as influential actors in international affairs. By sketching the contours of key South African relationships the contributors offer illuminating insights into the cross-pressures shaping South African foreign policy. In addition, they also add depth to the emerging middle power concept by exploring four areas where the tendencies and tensions of emerging middle power foreign policies are apparent: regionalism, multilateralism, reform of global governance, and approach to moral leadership. This book was previously published as a special issue of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics.
Book Synopsis Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities by : Amory Gethin
Download or read book Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities written by Amory Gethin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The empirical starting point for anyone who wants to understand political cleavages in the democratic world, based on a unique dataset covering fifty countries since World War II. Who votes for whom and why? Why has growing inequality in many parts of the world not led to renewed class-based conflicts, seeming instead to have come with the emergence of new divides over identity and integration? News analysts, scholars, and citizens interested in exploring those questions inevitably lack relevant data, in particular the kinds of data that establish historical and international context. Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities provides the missing empirical background, collecting and examining a treasure trove of information on the dynamics of polarization in modern democracies. The chapters draw on a unique set of surveys conducted between 1948 and 2020 in fifty countries on five continents, analyzing the links between voters’ political preferences and socioeconomic characteristics, such as income, education, wealth, occupation, religion, ethnicity, age, and gender. This analysis sheds new light on how political movements succeed in coalescing multiple interests and identities in contemporary democracies. It also helps us understand the conditions under which conflicts over inequality become politically salient, as well as the similarities and constraints of voters supporting ethnonationalist politicians like Narendra Modi, Jair Bolsonaro, Marine Le Pen, and Donald Trump. Bringing together cutting-edge data and historical analysis, editors Amory Gethin, Clara Martínez-Toledano, and Thomas Piketty offer a vital resource for understanding the voting patterns of the present and the likely sources of future political conflict.
Book Synopsis Business and Social Crisis in Africa by : Antoinette Handley
Download or read book Business and Social Crisis in Africa written by Antoinette Handley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the time, when confronted with a crisis of national dimensions, businesses do exactly what we expect them to do: they look to their own survival. Occasionally, however, firms in some contexts go beyond this. Based on qualitative, country-based fieldwork in Eastern and Southern Africa, Antoinette Handley examines how African businesses can be key responders to wider social and political crises, often responding well in advance of the state. She reveals the surprising ways in which business responses can be focused, not on short-term profits, but instead on ways that assist society in resolving that crisis in the long term. Taking African businesses in Kenya, Uganda, Botswana and South Africa as case studies, this detailed exploration of the private sector response to crises, including HIV/AIDS and political violence crises, introduces the concept of relative business autonomy, exploring the conditions under which it can emerge and develop, when and how it may decline, and how it might contribute to a higher level of overall societal resilience.
Book Synopsis Regional Economic Voting by : Joshua A. Tucker
Download or read book Regional Economic Voting written by Joshua A. Tucker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrates that in a time of massive change characterized by the emergence of entirely new political systems and a fundamental reorganization of economic life, systematic patterns of economic conditions affecting election results at the aggregate level can in fact be identified during the first decade of post-communist elections in five post-communist countries: Russia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. A variety of theoretical arguments concerning the conditions in which these effects are more or less likely to be present are also proposed and tested. Analysis is conducted using an original data set of regional level economic, demographic, and electoral indicators, and features both broadly based comparative assessments of the findings across all twenty elections as well as more focused case study analyses of pairs of individual elections.
Book Synopsis Taxation and State-Building in Developing Countries by : Deborah Brautigam
Download or read book Taxation and State-Building in Developing Countries written by Deborah Brautigam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-10 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a widespread concern that, in some parts of the world, governments are unable to exercise effective authority. When governments fail, more sinister forces thrive: warlords, arms smugglers, narcotics enterprises, kidnap gangs, terrorist networks, armed militias. Why do governments fail? This book explores an old idea that has returned to prominence: that authority, effectiveness, accountability and responsiveness is closely related to the ways in which governments are financed. It matters that governments tax their citizens rather than live from oil revenues and foreign aid, and it matters how they tax them. Taxation stimulates demands for representation, and an effective revenue authority is the central pillar of state capacity. Using case studies from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, this book presents and evaluates these arguments, updates theories derived from European history in the light of conditions in contemporary poorer countries, and draws conclusions for policy-makers.
Book Synopsis Electoral Politics and Africa's Urban Transition by : Noah L. Nathan
Download or read book Electoral Politics and Africa's Urban Transition written by Noah L. Nathan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two aspects of contemporary urban life in Africa are often described as sources of political change: the emergence of a large urban middle class and high levels of ethnic diversity and inter-ethnic social contact. Many expected that these factors would help spark a transition away from ethnic competition and clientelism toward more programmatic elections. Focusing on urban Ghana, this book shows that the growing middle class and high levels of ethnic diversity are not having the anticipated political effects. Instead, urban Ghana is stuck in a trap: clientelism and ethnic voting persist in many urban neighborhoods despite changes to the socio-economic characteristics and policy preferences of voters. Through a unique examination of intra-urban variation in patterns of electoral competition, Nathan explains why this trap exists, demonstrates its effects on political behavior, and explores how new democracies like Ghana can move past it.
Book Synopsis The Foundations of Ethnic Politics by : Henry E. Hale
Download or read book The Foundations of Ethnic Politics written by Henry E. Hale and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite implicating ethnicity in everything from civil war to economic failure, researchers seldom consult psychological research when addressing the most basic question: What is ethnicity? The result is a radical scholarly divide generating contradictory recommendations for solving ethnic conflict. Research into how the human brain actually works demands a revision of existing schools of thought. Hale argues ethnic identity is a cognitive uncertainty-reduction device with special capacity to exacerbate, but not cause, collective action problems. This produces a new general theory of ethnic conflict that can improve both understanding and practice. A deep study of separatism in the USSR and CIS demonstrates the theory's potential, mobilizing evidence from elite interviews, three local languages, and mass surveys. The outcome significantly reinterprets nationalism's role in CIS relations and the USSR's breakup, which turns out to have been a far more contingent event than commonly recognized.
Book Synopsis State-Directed Development by : Atul Kohli
Download or read book State-Directed Development written by Atul Kohli and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-30 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sample Text
Book Synopsis Why Ethnic Parties Succeed by : Kanchan Chandra
Download or read book Why Ethnic Parties Succeed written by Kanchan Chandra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do some ethnic parties succeed in attracting the support of their target ethnic group while others fail? In a world in which ethnic parties flourish in both established and emerging democracies alike, understanding the conditions under which such parties rise and fall is of critical importance to both political scientists and policy makers. Drawing on a study of variation in the performance of ethnic parties in India, this book builds a theory of ethnic party performance in 'patronage democracies'. Chandra shows why individual voters and political entrepreneurs in such democracies condition their strategies not on party ideologies or policy platforms, but on a headcount of co-ethnics and others across party personnel and among the electorate.
Book Synopsis Contradictions of Democracy by : Nicholas Rush Smith
Download or read book Contradictions of Democracy written by Nicholas Rush Smith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite being one of the world's most vibrant democracies, police estimate between five and ten percent of the murders in South Africa result from vigilante violence. This is puzzling given the country's celebrated transition to democracy and massive reform of the state's legal institutions. Where most studies explain vigilantism as a response to state or civic failure, in Contradictions of Democracy, Nicholas Rush Smith illustrates that vigilantism is actually a response to the processes of democratic state formation. In the context of densely networked neighborhoods, vigilante citizens often interpret the technical success of legal institutions-for instance, the arrest and subsequent release of suspects on bail-as failure and work to correct such perceived failures on their own. Smith also shows that vigilantism provides a new lens through which to understand democratic state formation. Among young men of color in some parts of South Africa, fear of extra-judicial police violence is common. Amid such fear, instead of the state seeming protective, it can appear as something akin to a massive vigilante organization. An insightful look into the high rates of vigilantism in South Africa and the general challenges of democratic state building, Contradictions of Democracy explores fundamental questions about political order, the rule of law, and democratic citizenship.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Urban Politics and Policy by : Ronald K. Vogel
Download or read book Handbook of Urban Politics and Policy written by Ronald K. Vogel and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-07-05 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of research into urban politics and policy in cities across the globe. Leading scholars examine the position of urban politics within political science and analyse the critical approaches and interdisciplinary pressures that are broadening the field.
