Quantum Decision Theory And Complexity Modelling In Economics And Public Policy

Download Quantum Decision Theory And Complexity Modelling In Economics And Public Policy full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Quantum Decision Theory And Complexity Modelling In Economics And Public Policy ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Quantum Decision Theory and Complexity Modelling in Economics and Public Policy

Download Quantum Decision Theory and Complexity Modelling in Economics and Public Policy PDF Online Free

Author : Anirban Chakraborti
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303138833X
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

Book Synopsis Quantum Decision Theory and Complexity Modelling in Economics and Public Policy by : Anirban Chakraborti

Download or read book Quantum Decision Theory and Complexity Modelling in Economics and Public Policy written by Anirban Chakraborti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an outcome of the interdisciplinary conference held at OP Jindal Global University (Quantum Decision-making and Complexity modeling, and their possible applications in social sciences- economics, finance and public policy). The volume builds upon the emerging fields of Econophysics, Complexity theory and Quantum like modelling in cognition and social sciences, and their plausible applications in economics and public policy. There can be deep linkages between the micro, meso and macro scales at which these paradigms operate. In this data-driven age, greater amounts of information, along with the facility to harvest, sort and process said information, have permitted an expansion of the capability to study a society’s various factors to a degree of detail and inclusiveness that has never before been available to researchers. As a result, an increasing number of throughlines is being discovered, revealing heretofore unknown connections between various disciplines and enhancing the study of such societal tropes as finance, language, shared behavior, and many others. As the reader will see, with clearer understanding of the interconnectedness of society’s assorted parts comes a clearer understanding of the society as a whole. We have received critical thoughts from noted experts in social and natural sciences to explore possible interconnections. The editors of this book earnestly hope that the critical reviews presented in this volume will stimulate further scholarly interest, but also interest among policy practitioners for the purpose of exploring possibilities for creating a new paradigm for comprehending pressing issues of deep uncertainty and emergence in social dynamics.

Quantum Decision Theory and Complexity Modelling in Economics and Public Policy

Download Quantum Decision Theory and Complexity Modelling in Economics and Public Policy PDF Online Free

Author : Anirban Chakraborti
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783031388354
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (883 download)

Book Synopsis Quantum Decision Theory and Complexity Modelling in Economics and Public Policy by : Anirban Chakraborti

Download or read book Quantum Decision Theory and Complexity Modelling in Economics and Public Policy written by Anirban Chakraborti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-09-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Quantum International Relations

Download Quantum International Relations PDF Online Free

Author : James Der Derian
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197568203
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

Book Synopsis Quantum International Relations by : James Der Derian

Download or read book Quantum International Relations written by James Der Derian and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-03 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this volume are motivated by a common apprehension and a common hope. The apprehension was first voiced by Einstein, who lamented the inability of humanity, at the individual and social level, to keep up with the increased speed of technological change brought about by the quantum revolution. As quantum science and technology fast forward into the 21st century, the social sciences remain stuck in classical, 19th century ways of thinking. Can such a mechanistic model of the mind and society possibly help us manage the fully realized technological potential of the quantum? That's where the hope appears: that perhaps quantum is not just a physical science, but a human science too. In Quantum International Relations, James Der Derian and Alexander Wendt gather rising scholars and leading experts to make the case for quantum approaches to world politics. As a fundamental theory of reality and enabler of new technologies, quantum now touches everything, with the potential to revolutionize how we conduct diplomacy, wage war, and make wealth. Contributors present the core principles of quantum mechanics--entanglement, uncertainty, superposition, and the wave function--as significant catalysts and superior heuristics for an accelerating quantum future. Facing a reality which no longer corresponds to an outdated Newtonian worldview of states as billiard balls, individuals as rational actors or power as objective interest, Der Derian and Wendt issue an urgent call for a new human science of quantum International Relations. At the centenary of the first quantum thought experiment in the 1920s, this book offers a diversity of explorations, speculations and approaches for understanding geopolitics in the 21st century.

Computational Intelligence Aided Systems for Healthcare Domain

Download Computational Intelligence Aided Systems for Healthcare Domain PDF Online Free

Author : Akshansh Gupta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000884406
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

Book Synopsis Computational Intelligence Aided Systems for Healthcare Domain by : Akshansh Gupta

Download or read book Computational Intelligence Aided Systems for Healthcare Domain written by Akshansh Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-06-14 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers recent advances in artificial intelligence, smart computing, and their applications in augmenting medical and health care systems. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in diverse engineering fields including electrical, electronics and communication, computer, and biomedical. This book: Presents architecture, characteristics, and applications of artificial intelligence and smart computing in health care systems Highlights privacy issues faced in health care and health informatics using artificial intelligence and smart computing technologies Discusses nature-inspired computing algorithms for the brain-computer interface Covers graph neural network application in the medical domain Provides insights into the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence and smart computing enabling and emerging technologies This book discusses recent advances and applications of artificial intelligence and smart technologies in the field of healthcare. It highlights privacy issues faced in health care and health informatics using artificial intelligence and smart computing technologies. It covers nature-inspired computing algorithms such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization algorithms, and common scrambling algorithms to study brain-computer interfaces. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and biomedical engineering.

How Labor Powers the Global Economy

Download How Labor Powers the Global Economy PDF Online Free

Author : Emmanuel D. Farjoun
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030933210
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

Book Synopsis How Labor Powers the Global Economy by : Emmanuel D. Farjoun

Download or read book How Labor Powers the Global Economy written by Emmanuel D. Farjoun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-12 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a probabilistic approach to studying the fundamental role of labor in capitalist economies and develops a non-deterministic theoretical framework for the foundations of political economy. By applying the framework to real-world data, the authors offer new insights into the dynamics of growth, wages, and accumulation in capitalist development around the globe. The book demonstrates that a probabilistic political economy based on labor inputs enables us to describe central organizing principles in modern capitalism. Starting from a few basic assumptions, it shows that the working time of employees is the main regulating variable for determining strict numerical limits on the rate of economic growth, the range of wages, and the pace of accumulation under the present global economic system. This book will appeal to anyone interested in how the capitalist mode of production works and its inherent limitations; in particular, it will be useful to scholars and students of Marxian economics. “Emmanuel Farjoun and Moshé Machover, follow up their pathbreaking work on the application of statistical physics methods to political economy in this book with David Zachariah, in which they develop methods for making educated and structured estimates of stylized facts applicable to capitalist economies. There’s a lot for economists and anyone interested in the political economy of capitalism to learn from their reasoning on these issues, including their novel and challenging suggestion of bounds on the rates of increase of use-value productivity of labor, and on the range of variation of the wage share.” Duncan K. Foley, Leo Model Professor of Economics, New School for Social Research

Quantum Governance

Download Quantum Governance PDF Online Free

Author : Fadi Farra
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1837537801
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (375 download)

Book Synopsis Quantum Governance by : Fadi Farra

Download or read book Quantum Governance written by Fadi Farra and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-15 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old systems of governance are struggling to cope with the pressures placed on them by the accelerating development of modern society. There is a desperate need for change. Quantum Governance offers a new way of thinking about policy implementation and has profound ramifications for policymakers.

Climate Change Denial and Public Relations

Download Climate Change Denial and Public Relations PDF Online Free

Author : Núria Almiron
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351121774
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

Book Synopsis Climate Change Denial and Public Relations by : Núria Almiron

Download or read book Climate Change Denial and Public Relations written by Núria Almiron and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on climate change denial and lobbying that combines the ideology of denial and the role of anthropocentrism in the study of interest groups and communication strategy. Climate Change Denial and Public Relations: Strategic Communication and Interest Groups in Climate Inaction is a critical approach to climate change denial from a strategic communication perspective. The book aims to provide an in-depth analysis of how strategic communication by interest groups is contributing to climate change inaction. It does this from a multidisciplinary perspective that expands the usual approach of climate change denialism and introduces a critical reflection on the roots of the problem, including the ethics of the denialist ideology and the rhetoric and role of climate change advocacy. Topics addressed include the power of persuasive narratives and discourses constructed to support climate inaction by lobbies and think tanks, the dominant human supremacist view and the patriarchal roots of denialists and advocates of climate change alike, the knowledge coalitions of the climate think tank networks, the denial strategies related to climate change of the nuclear, oil, and agrifood lobbies, the role of public relations firms, the anthropocentric roots of public relations, taboo topics such as human overpopulation and meat-eating, and the technological myth. This unique volume is recommended reading for students and scholars of communication and public relations.

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Cognitive Modelling

Download An Interdisciplinary Approach to Cognitive Modelling PDF Online Free

Author : Partha Ghose
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003818552
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

Book Synopsis An Interdisciplinary Approach to Cognitive Modelling by : Partha Ghose

Download or read book An Interdisciplinary Approach to Cognitive Modelling written by Partha Ghose and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-05 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Cognitive Modelling presents a new approach to cognition that challenges long-held views. It systematically develops a broad-based framework to model cognition, which is mathematically equivalent to the emerging ‘quantum-like modelling’ of the human mind. The book argues that a satisfactory physical and philosophical basis of such an approach is missing, a particular issue being the application of quantization to the mind for which there is no empirical evidence as yet. In response to this issue, the book adopts a COM (classical optical modelling) approach, broad-based but mathematically equivalent to quantum-like modelling while avoiding its problematic features. It presents a philosophically informed and empirically motivated mathematical model of cognition, mainly concerning decision-making processes. It also deals with applications to different areas of the social sciences. It will be of interest to scholars and research students interested in the mathematical modelling of cognition and decision-making, and also interdisciplinary researchers interested in broader issues of cognition.

Partial Identification in Econometrics and Related Topics

Download Partial Identification in Econometrics and Related Topics PDF Online Free

Author : Nguyen Ngoc Thach
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031591100
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

Book Synopsis Partial Identification in Econometrics and Related Topics by : Nguyen Ngoc Thach

Download or read book Partial Identification in Econometrics and Related Topics written by Nguyen Ngoc Thach and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chaos Unveiled

Download Chaos Unveiled PDF Online Free

Author : Barrett Williams
Publisher : Barrett Williams
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Chaos Unveiled by : Barrett Williams

Download or read book Chaos Unveiled written by Barrett Williams and published by Barrett Williams. This book was released on 2024-08-21 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Chaos Unveiled An Expedition into the Intricate World of Chaos Theory and Complex Systems** Unlock the mysteries of the universe's most captivating phenomenon with "Chaos Unveiled," an enlightening journey through chaos theory and complex systems. Crafted to engross and educate, this book serves as your definitive guide to understanding the unpredictable nature of the world around us. Dive into **Chapter 1** and explore the humble beginnings of chaos theory and its dramatic evolution into a pivotal scientific discipline. Discover key contributors and the milestones that have defined this groundbreaking field. Move into **Chapter 2**, where the intricate mathematics behind chaos comes to life. Understand nonlinear dynamics, sensitivity to initial conditions, and the enigmatic strange attractors that lead to seemingly random behaviors out of deterministic processes. In **Chapter 3**, delve into the mesmerizing world of fractals and self-similarity. From the beauty of fractal geometry to real-world applications, this chapter is a visual and intellectual feast. **Chapter 4** takes you into fluid dynamics, demystifying the complex phenomena of turbulence, vortices, and the iconic Lorenz attractor that revolutionized weather prediction and modeling. Explore the fascinating roles chaos plays in **biological systems** in **Chapter 5**, from population dynamics and cardiac rhythms to intricate ecosystems and food webs. Unravel the secrets of chaotic behavior in chemical reactions in **Chapter 6**, and discover how these principles govern both simple reactions and the complex chemistry of living organisms. Venture into **economic chaos** in **Chapter 7**, understanding stock market fluctuations, market bubbles, and the unpredictable nature of economic forecasting. The applications of chaos theory in **engineering** are unlocked in **Chapter 8**, revealing insights into control systems, structural analysis, and the ever-evolving field of robotics and machine learning. **Chapter 9** sheds light on chaos in social systems, from human behavior and social networks to the intricacies of urban planning. Experience medical breakthroughs in **Chapter 10**, where chaos theory enhances diagnostics, epidemiology, and our understanding of brain activity. Discover chaos in the vast expanse of **environmental science** and **astronomy** in **Chapters 11 and 12**, exploring climate change, earthquake prediction, orbital mechanics, and cosmic phenomena. **Chapter 13** provides groundbreaking insights into computational approaches, from numerical simulations to data analysis and pattern recognition. Reflect on the **philosophical implications** in **Chapter 14** as you weigh determinism against randomness and ponder the ethical considerations of predictability. Finally, look towards the **future of chaos theory** in **Chapter 15**, exploring emerging research areas, interdisciplinary collaborations, and the bright horizon of unanswered questions and challenges. "Chaos Unveiled" is not merely a book—it's an invitation to explore, question, and understand the beautifully intricate world of chaos theory. Get ready to have your mind expanded and your curiosity ignited!

Transformational Leadership in Nursing

Download Transformational Leadership in Nursing PDF Online Free

Author : Elaine Sorensen Marshall, PhD, RN, FAAN
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826105297
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

Book Synopsis Transformational Leadership in Nursing by : Elaine Sorensen Marshall, PhD, RN, FAAN

Download or read book Transformational Leadership in Nursing written by Elaine Sorensen Marshall, PhD, RN, FAAN and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2011 AJN Book of the Year Winner in Leadership and Management! The ultimate goal for Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) leaders is to develop skills that will support their ability to lead effectively through complex challenges-such as working within the constraints of tight budgets, initiating health care policy change to eliminate health disparities, and improving health care outcomes at all levels of care. This text is an invaluable instructional guide for nursing graduate students who are developing the skills needed to fulfill this new and emerging role of clinical leadership. With this book, nurses can develop leadership skills that will ultimately transform health care practice by incorporating innovative professional models of care. It provides critical information and practical tools to enhance leadership, drawing from the works of experts in business and health care leadership. This book is an important resource for DNP students, nurse practitioners, and current clinical leaders dealing with the challenges of health care for the next generation. Key topics: Cultivating the characteristics of a transformational leader: charisma, innovation, inspiration, intellect, and more Developing the role of the DNP within complex organizational systems Incorporating new care delivery, practice, and management models through leadership Navigating power, politics, and policy: building the team, understanding economics and finance, and more

Modeling Complexity In Economic And Social Systems

Download Modeling Complexity In Economic And Social Systems PDF Online Free

Author : Frank Schweitzer
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814488356
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

Book Synopsis Modeling Complexity In Economic And Social Systems by : Frank Schweitzer

Download or read book Modeling Complexity In Economic And Social Systems written by Frank Schweitzer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-12-09 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economics and the social sciences are, in fact, the “hard” sciences, as Herbert Simon argued, because the complexity of the problems dealt with cannot simply be reduced to analytically solvable models or decomposed into separate subprocesses. Nevertheless, in recent years, the emerging interdisciplinary “sciences of complexity” have provided new methods and tools for tackling these problems, ranging from complex data analysis to sophisticated computer simulations. In particular, advanced methods developed in the natural sciences have recently also been applied to social and economic problems.The twenty-one chapters of this book reflect this modern development from various modeling perspectives (such as agent-based models, evolutionary game theory, reinforcement learning and neural network techniques, time series analysis, non-equilibrium macroscopic dynamics) and for a broad range of socio-economic applications (market dynamics, technological evolution, spatial dynamics and economic growth, decision processes, and agent societies). They jointly demonstrate a shift of perspective in economics and the social sciences that is allowing a new outlook in this field to emerge.

Info-Gap Decision Theory

Download Info-Gap Decision Theory PDF Online Free

Author : Yakov Ben-Haim
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080465706
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

Book Synopsis Info-Gap Decision Theory by : Yakov Ben-Haim

Download or read book Info-Gap Decision Theory written by Yakov Ben-Haim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-11 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone makes decisions, but not everyone is a decision analyst. A decision analyst uses quantitative models and computational methods to formulate decision algorithms, assess decision performance, identify and evaluate options, determine trade-offs and risks, evaluate strategies for investigation, and so on. Info-Gap Decision Theory is written for decision analysts. The term "decision analyst" covers an extremely broad range of practitioners. Virtually all engineers involved in design (of buildings, machines, processes, etc.) or analysis (of safety, reliability, feasibility, etc.) are decision analysts, usually without calling themselves by this name. In addition to engineers, decision analysts work in planning offices for public agencies, in project management consultancies, they are engaged in manufacturing process planning and control, in financial planning and economic analysis, in decision support for medical or technological diagnosis, and so on and on. Decision analysts provide quantitative support for the decision-making process in all areas where systematic decisions are made. This second edition entails changes of several sorts. First, info-gap theory has found application in several new areas - especially biological conservation, economic policy formulation, preparedness against terrorism, and medical decision-making. Pertinent new examples have been included. Second, the combination of info-gap analysis with probabilistic decision algorithms has found wide application. Consequently "hybrid" models of uncertainty, which were treated exclusively in a separate chapter in the previous edition, now appear throughout the book as well as in a separate chapter. Finally, info-gap explanations of robust-satisficing behavior, and especially the Ellsberg and Allais "paradoxes", are discussed in a new chapter together with a theorem indicating when robust-satisficing will have greater probability of success than direct optimizing with uncertain models. - New theory developed systematically - Many examples from diverse disciplines - Realistic representation of severe uncertainty - Multi-faceted approach to risk - Quantitative model-based decision theory

Cognitive Readiness in Project Teams

Download Cognitive Readiness in Project Teams PDF Online Free

Author : Carl Belack
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429953755
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

Book Synopsis Cognitive Readiness in Project Teams by : Carl Belack

Download or read book Cognitive Readiness in Project Teams written by Carl Belack and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues surrounding business complexity plague organizations throughout the world. This situation is particularly true of the numerous complex projects and programs upon which organizations embark on a regular basis. Current project management processes and standards are based on Newtonian/Cartesian principles, such as linearity, reductionism, and single source problem causation. However, complex projects exhibit both Newtonian/Cartesian characteristics and complex systems characteristics, such as emergence, self-organization, non-linearity, non-reductionism, and multi-source problem causation. To conduct successful projects, complementary ways of approaching projects are required, and new competencies for those who manage projects and for those on project teams are required as well. There are a number of books available to help project managers and teams address the issue of systems behavior. However, there are none that approach complex projects from a neuroscience-based approach to human behavior and ambiguity. This book does exactly that in order to reduce project complexity and thereby increase the probability of project success. Cognitive Readiness in Project Teams looks to the concept of cognitive readiness (CR), first developed by the United States Department of Defense to better prepare and manage teams of individuals in complex battlefield situations. Its intent is to make project managers and teams more focused, responsive, resilient and adaptive through self-mastery and the mastering of interpersonal relationships. It introduces a CR framework for project managers and teams. This framework has neuroscience fundamentals and theorems as the foundation for the three pillars of CR: mindfulness, emotional intelligence, and social intelligence. The book is a compendium of chapters written by renowned authors in the fields of project management, neuroscience, mindfulness, and emotional and social intelligence.

Conflict, Complexity and Mathematical Social Science

Download Conflict, Complexity and Mathematical Social Science PDF Online Free

Author : Gordon Burt
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849509735
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (495 download)

Book Synopsis Conflict, Complexity and Mathematical Social Science by : Gordon Burt

Download or read book Conflict, Complexity and Mathematical Social Science written by Gordon Burt and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a foundational mathematical approach to the modelling of social conflict. This book illustrates how theory and evidence can be mathematically deepened and how investigations grounded in social choice theory can provide the evidence needed to inform social practice.

A Behavioral Theory of Elections

Download A Behavioral Theory of Elections PDF Online Free

Author : Jonathan Bendor
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 069113507X
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

Book Synopsis A Behavioral Theory of Elections by : Jonathan Bendor

Download or read book A Behavioral Theory of Elections written by Jonathan Bendor and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most theories of elections assume that voters and political actors are fully rational. This title provides a behavioral theory of elections based on the notion that all actors - politicians as well as voters - are only boundedly rational.

Modeling Complex Systems

Download Modeling Complex Systems PDF Online Free

Author : Nino Boccara
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441965629
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

Book Synopsis Modeling Complex Systems by : Nino Boccara

Download or read book Modeling Complex Systems written by Nino Boccara and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-09 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates how models of complex systems are built up and provides indispensable mathematical tools for studying their dynamics. This second edition includes more recent research results and many new and improved worked out examples and exercises.