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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis Studies Of Brain Morphology In Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy In A Large Clinical Database
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Book Synopsis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis Studies of Brain Morphology in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in a Large Clinical Database by : Simon Sean Keller
Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis Studies of Brain Morphology in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in a Large Clinical Database written by Simon Sean Keller and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Scanning and Epilepsy by : Simon D. Shorvon
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Scanning and Epilepsy written by Simon D. Shorvon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was only in 1980 that the first recognisable magnetic resonance images of the human brain were published, by Moore and Holland from Nottingham University in England. There then followed a number of clinical trials of brain imaging, the most notable from the Hammersmith Hospital in London using a system designed by EMI, the original manufacturers of the first CT machines. A true revolution in medicine has ensued; in only a few years there are thousands of scanning units, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has assumed a central importance in medical investigation. It is an extraordinary fact that within a few years of development, the esoteric physics of nuclear spin, angular momentum, and magnetic vector precession were harnessed to provide exquisite images of living anatomy; modem science has no greater tribute. That indisputable king of neurology and the oldest of recorded conditions, epilepsy, has not been untouched by the new technology; indeed, it is our view that the introduction of MRI of electroencephalography (EEG) in the late has been as important to epilepsy as was that 1930s. Now, for the first time, the structural and aetiological basis of the condition is susceptible to thorough investigation, and MRI can provide structural detail to parallel the functional detail of EEG. MRI has the same potential as had EEG over 50 years ago, to provide a new level of understanding of the basic mechanisms, the clinical features and the treatment of epilepsy.
Book Synopsis Imaging Biomarkers in Epilepsy by : Andrea Bernasconi
Download or read book Imaging Biomarkers in Epilepsy written by Andrea Bernasconi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epilepsy is a prevalent and serious neurological disorder. This vital textbook addresses the role of neuroimaging as a unique tool to provide in vivo biomarkers aimed at furthering our understanding of causes and consequences of epilepsy in a day-to-day clinical context. Unique in its approach, this translational book presents a critical appraisal of advanced pre-clinical biomarkers that allows capturing epileptogenesis at molecular, cellular, and neuronal system levels. The book is divided into four sections. Part I includes a series of chapters focused on imaging of early disease stages. Part II discusses lesion detection and network analysis methods. Part III focuses on imaging methods used to predict response to antiepileptic drugs and surgery. Finally, Part IV presents imaging techniques used to evaluate disease consequence.
Book Synopsis The Epilepsies by : Chrysostomos P. Panayiotopoulos
Download or read book The Epilepsies written by Chrysostomos P. Panayiotopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an exhaustive account of the classification and management of epileptic disorders. It provides clear didactic guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of epileptic syndromes and seizures through thirteen chapters, complemented by a pharmacopoeia and CD ROM of video-EEGs.
Book Synopsis Quantitative MRI Correlates of Hippocampal and Neocortical Pathology in Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by : Maged Goubran
Download or read book Quantitative MRI Correlates of Hippocampal and Neocortical Pathology in Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy written by Maged Goubran and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intractable or drug-resistant epilepsy occurs in over 30% of epilepsy patients, with many of these patients undergoing surgical excision of the affected brain region to achieve seizure control. Advances in MRI have the potential to improve surgical treatment of epilepsy through improved identification and delineation of lesions. However, validation is currently needed to investigate histopathological correlates of these new imaging techniques. The purpose of this work is to investigate histopathological correlates of quantitative relaxometry and DTI from hippocampal and neocortical specimens of intractable TLE patients. To achieve this goal I developed and evaluated a pipeline for histology to in-vivo MRI image registration, which finds dense spatial correspondence between both modalities. This protocol was divided in two steps whereby sparsely sectioned histology from temporal lobe specimens was first registered to the intermediate ex-vivo MRI which is then registered to the in-vivo MRI, completing a pipeline for histology to in-vivo MRI registration. When correlating relaxometry and DTI with neuronal density and morphology in the temporal lobe neocortex, I found T1 to be a predictor of neuronal density in the neocortical GM and demonstrated that employing multi-parametric MRI (combining T1 and FA together) provided a significantly better fit than each parameter alone in predicting density of neurons. This work was the first to relate in-vivo T1 and FA values to the proportion of neurons in GM. When investigating these quantitative multimodal parameters with histological features within the hippocampal subfields, I demonstrated that MD correlates with neuronal density and size, and can act as a marker for neuron integrity within the hippocampus. More importantly, this work was the first to highlight the potential of subfield relaxometry and diffusion parameters (mainly T2 and MD) as well as volumetry in predicting the extent of cell loss per subfield pre-operatively, with a precision so far unachievable. These results suggest that high-resolution quantitative MRI sequences could impact clinical practice for pre-operative evaluation and prediction of surgical outcomes of intractable epilepsy.
Book Synopsis Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine 2020–2023 by : Juerg Hodler
Download or read book Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine 2020–2023 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers an essential overview of brain, head and neck, and spine imaging. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by both clinical and technological developments. Written by leading international experts and teachers, the chapters are disease-oriented and cover all relevant imaging modalities, with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The book also includes a synopsis of pediatric imaging. IDKD books are rewritten (not merely updated) every four years, which means they offer a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in imaging. The book is clearly structured and features learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers navigate the text. It will particularly appeal to general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic expertise, as well as clinicians from other specialties who are interested in imaging for their patient care.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance in Epilepsy by : Ruben I. Kuzniecky
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance in Epilepsy written by Ruben I. Kuzniecky and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1995 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neuroimaging in Epilepsy by : Harry Chugani, MD
Download or read book Neuroimaging in Epilepsy written by Harry Chugani, MD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps the most important achievements in the field of epileptology in the past two decades have been in the neuroimaging and genetic breakthroughs as applied to patients with epilepsy. Indeed, neuroimaging has become a vital part in the study of epilepsy, affecting broad aspects of the disorder ranging from diagnosis and classification to treatment and prognosis. Neuroimaging in epilepsy encompasses many different approaches that have reached various levels of expertise across epilepsy centers worldwide. This book discusses every imaging modality used to gather information on epilepsy. Each technique is described by world experts and epilepsy centers worldwide.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Applied to Epilepsy by : R. J. Simister
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Applied to Epilepsy written by R. J. Simister and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epilepsy is the most common serious disease of the brain. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a novel imaging technique that offers the opportunity for co-localising biochemical information relating to metabolites specific to the study of epilepsy with high resolution MRI. Aims: The work included in this thesis was undertaken with two fundamental aims. The first was to apply a standardised MRS methodology in order to gain reproducible semi-quantitative information about the variation of relevant neuro-metabolites such as gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), glutamate (as glutamate plus glutamine [GLX]), N acetyl aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (Ins) and creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr) within epilepsy syndromes or pathological groups. The second main aim was to test a series of hypotheses relating to the regulation of the concentrations of these metabolites in the region of epileptic seizures, immediately following seizures and associated with particular medical and surgical treatment interventions. Methods: Seven experiments were performed in this thesis. In all seven studies the findings in the patient groups were compared against results from an acquired control group made up of healthy volunteers. In the first experiment [3.1] twenty patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, with (10), and without hippocampal sclerosis were studied using multi voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequences in order to examine for differences in the obtained metabolites N acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr), choline containing compounds (Cho), GLX and myo-inositol (Ins) across the pathological groups and against a control population. In experiments [3.2], [3.3], [3.4] and [3.6] an MRS protocol that incorporated a double quantum filter acquisition sequence was applied in order to allow measurement of GABA+ (a combined measure of GABA plus homocarnosine) in addition to measurement of the metabolites examined in [3.1]. Studies were performed in the occipital lobes in patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) (n =10) or occipital lobe epilepsy (n = 10) [3.2], in the frontal lobes in patients with IGE (n = 21) and within regions of the MRI visible pathology in patients with large focal malformations of cortical development (MCD, n =10) [3.4]. In the last experiment using this technique patients with hippocampal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 16) were studied in the ipsilateral and also in the contralateral temporal lobes and following temporal lobe surgery (n = 10) [3.6]. In experiment [3.5] ten patients were examined whilst taking and when not taking sodium valproate in order to further examine for an effect of this medication on the measured metabolite concentrations. In experiment [3.7] ten patients were studied immediately after an epileptic seizure and then again during a subsequent inter-ictal period in order to examine for an influence of the recent seizure on the measured concentrations of the main metabolites. Results: MRSI in the temporal lobes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy identified low NAA in the anterior hippocampus that was most severe in those patients with hippocampal sclerosis. GLX elevation was a feature in the patients without hippocampal sclerosis. Metabolic abnormality was most marked in the anterior compared to the posterior hippocampal regions. GABA+ levels were elevated in patients with MCD and in the ipsilateral temporal lobe in temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis but levels were not altered in patients with IGE or OLE. GLX was also elevated in MCD in the region of MRI visible abnormality and in IGE patients when measured in the frontal lobes. Low NAA was a feature of TLE and MCD. Patients with IGE showed normal NAA levels in the occipital lobes but reduced frontal lobe concentrations. Cr concentrations were abnormal in the immediate post ictal period but normalised within 120 minutes. NAA was not altered and no significant change in lactate concentrations was observed. Finally sodium valproate treatment was associated with a reduction in the levels of Ins and with unchanged NAA and GLX levels. Main Conclusions: MRS techniques demonstrate metabolite abnormalities in epileptic patients. NAA is the most sensitive metabolite marker of chronic pathology but levels are insensitive to recent seizure history. These findings repeat earlier observations of the usefulness of NAA measurement in the assessment of chronic epilepsy whilst illustrating ongoing uncertainty as to the correct patho-physiological interpretation of reduced NAA levels. Measurable changes in the combined Cr signal are detectable whilst elevated lactate is not reliably observed following brief epileptic seizures at 1.5T. This finding indicates a potential role for MRS in functional activation studies. Malformations of cortical development have abnormal levels of both GABA+ and GLX and MCD sub-types may well demonstrate different metabolite profiles. This finding suggests that MRS could be a useful tool in the MRI classification of MCD and in the pre-surgical assessment of patients with focal malformations. Following successful temporal lobe surgery levels of NAA remain unchanged but NAA/Cr levels appear to normalise in the contralateral temporal lobe. NAA and GLX/NAA levels were altered in the frontal lobes but not in the occipital lobes in Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsy. This finding provides imaging support for frontal lobe dysfunction as a cause or consequence of IGE. Metabolite levels are affected by administered antiepileptic drugs. Sodium valproate reduces the levels of MRS visible Ins levels whilst topiramate and gabapentin appear to be associated with higher GABA+ levels. These findings may be of major importance in the assessment of treatment effect or in the investigation of patients with possible drug resistance. The effect of valproate on Ins levels may become particularly interesting in the light of a growing understanding of the role of astrocyte dysfunction in a range of neurological conditions which include migraine, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, motor neurone disease and in ischaemic lesions.
Book Synopsis The Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Assessment of Whole-brain Structural Integrity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by : Linda Horwood
Download or read book The Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Assessment of Whole-brain Structural Integrity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy written by Linda Horwood and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis EEG-fMRI and DMRI Data Fusion in Healthy Subjects and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by : Jonathan Wirsich
Download or read book EEG-fMRI and DMRI Data Fusion in Healthy Subjects and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy written by Jonathan Wirsich and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding human brain structure and the function patterns arising from it is a central challenge to better characterize brain network pathologies such as temporal lobe epilepsies, which could help to improve the clinical predictability of epileptic surgery outcome.Brain functioning can be accessed by both electroencephalography (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), while brain structure can be measured with diffusion MRI (dMRI). We use these modalities to measure brain functioning during a face recognition task and in rest in order to link the different modalities in an optimal temporal and spatial manner. We discovered disruption of the network processing famous faces as well a disruption of the structure-function relation during rest in epileptic patients.This work broadened the understanding of epilepsy as a network disease that changes the brain on a large scale not limited to a local epileptic focus. In the future these results could be used to guide clinical intervention during epilepsy surgery but also they provide new approaches to evaluate pharmacological treatment on its functional implications on a whole brain scale.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Nicole Seiberlich
Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches
Book Synopsis Quantitative Imaging of Epileptogenic Lesions in MRI-negative Epilepsy by : Ravnoor Gill
Download or read book Quantitative Imaging of Epileptogenic Lesions in MRI-negative Epilepsy written by Ravnoor Gill and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Background. More than a third of patients with epilepsy suffer from seizures that are resistant to antiepileptic drugs. Drug-resistant epilepsy is a serious condition associated with a structural brain lesion. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) secondary to mesiotemporal sclerosis and extratemporal lobe neocortical epilepsy secondary to focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) are the two most common drug-resistant epilepsies amenable to surgery. Surgical removal of the lesion is the only effective treatment to control seizures, limit their adverse effects on cognition and reduce risks of injury and death. Despite advances in MRI analytics, current algorithms are not optimized to accurately detect subtle lesions, a scenario in ~50% of referrals for pre-surgical evaluation. Since MRI criteria to localize the surgical target are missing, these "MRI-negative" patients undergo hospitalizations for invasive intracranial EEG monitoring (SEEG). Notably, a lack of objective criteria to ascribe the MRI-neg status perpetuates biases in the literature. Indeed, patients considered MRI-neg based on visual evaluation before surgery are not necessarily "non-lesional", as quantitative image analysis detects lesions on histology. Consequently, misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis results in lower chances for post-surgical seizure freedom.Objective. To objectively define MRI-negative and develop and validate novel approaches to improve the yield of MRI to resolve hard to detect epileptogenic lesions.Methods. We first performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the consistency of the criteria used to ascribe MRI-neg status in focal epilepsy (Project 1). Subsequently, we employed a bipartite approach in developing algorithms to detect FCD, which rely on the integration of multiple imaging modalities through i) surface-based sampling that provides accurate inter-subject correspondence (P2), and ii) minimally preprocessed volumetric approach that facilitates high generalization performance combining deep learning (DL) with uncertainty estimation for risk stratification (P3). Finally, we developed an algorithm for hippocampal subfield segmentation (HSS) using DL and assessed its lateralization performance in TLE (P4).Results. In P1, a systematic review of 196 studies demonstrated variability in ascribing MRI-neg status. Narrative synthesis summarized the clinical, demographic, and presurgical diagnostics profile showed that MRI-neg patients more often undergo SEEG, are less frequently operated and have a less favorable seizure outcome relative to MRI-pos. Unsupervised clustering of the diagnostic modalities revealed 3 distinct groups with significant associations across outcomes (MRI reporting/quantitation, SEEG). The metanalyses revealed favorable post-surgical seizure outcome in 72% of MRI-pos cohorts (MRI-neg: 55%), and that MRI quantitation is associated with two-fold gain in diagnostic yield over qualitative review of MRI. In P2, we developed an algorithm that leveraged MRI-derived surface-based features to accurately identify subtle FCD lesions, demonstrating excellent sensitivity (83%) and specificity (92%). In P3, we propose a novel DL algorithm with uncertainty estimation yielding the highest sensitivity (93%; 137/148 FCD detected) to date in histologically verified MRI-neg FCD cohorts sampled from 9 epilepsy centers. Finally, in P4, DeepPatch, a volumetric HSS method with patch-based analysis and DL, demonstrated Dice of >88% across hippocampal subfields in controls and TLE patients, and accurately lateralized the seizure focus in 89% of patients.Significance. Our findings advocate for a central role of MRI quantitation in pre-surgical epilepsy diagnostics. Our integrated approach combining the analysis of multiple contrasts with advanced statistical learning techniques across diverse multisite datasets is designed to create open-source generalizable algorithms with the potential for broad clinical translation with low technical debt"--
Book Synopsis Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike by : Emanuel Parzen
Download or read book Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike written by Emanuel Parzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pioneering research of Hirotugu Akaike has an international reputation for profoundly affecting how data and time series are analyzed and modelled and is highly regarded by the statistical and technological communities of Japan and the world. His 1974 paper "A new look at the statistical model identification" (IEEE Trans Automatic Control, AC-19, 716-723) is one of the most frequently cited papers in the area of engineering, technology, and applied sciences (according to a 1981 Citation Classic of the Institute of Scientific Information). It introduced the broad scientific community to model identification using the methods of Akaike's criterion AIC. The AIC method is cited and applied in almost every area of physical and social science. The best way to learn about the seminal ideas of pioneering researchers is to read their original papers. This book reprints 29 papers of Akaike's more than 140 papers. This book of papers by Akaike is a tribute to his outstanding career and a service to provide students and researchers with access to Akaike's innovative and influential ideas and applications. To provide a commentary on the career of Akaike, the motivations of his ideas, and his many remarkable honors and prizes, this book reprints "A Conversation with Hirotugu Akaike" by David F. Findley and Emanuel Parzen, published in 1995 in the journal Statistical Science. This survey of Akaike's career provides each of us with a role model for how to have an impact on society by stimulating applied researchers to implement new statistical methods.
Book Synopsis Deep Learning and Radiomics Applied to Magnetic Resonance Images of the Brain and Muscles to Better Detect Disease by : Maribel Torres-Velázquez
Download or read book Deep Learning and Radiomics Applied to Magnetic Resonance Images of the Brain and Muscles to Better Detect Disease written by Maribel Torres-Velázquez and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical imaging techniques are a fundamental part of clinical workups and biomedical research as they provide a noninvasive assessment of the functionality of organs and tissues. The information acquired from medical images is often qualitative and an expert reader is needed to decipher its meaning. Hence, advanced computational methods have facilitated the extraction of useful information from the medical images to detect and assess disease. The central objective of this thesis was to explore the potential of two advanced computational methods, deep learning and radiomics, to better detect disease using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Machine Learning (ML) and radiomics are two computational techniques that allow the automatic extraction and interpretation of medical image features. Specifically, ML refers to the application of computational algorithms to perform future predictions by uncovering hidden data patterns. Furthermore, radiomics analysis is concerned with the extraction of quantitative features from image regions-of-interest (ROIs) that hold a prognosis value. Radiomic features extraction is followed by the application of statistical or ML techniques for data modeling. In this thesis, we first investigated (1) the potential of deep learning methods (a ML subfield) to detected temporal lobe epilepsy, (2) the feasibility of radiomics analysis to differentiate between subjects with intractable and not intractable epilepsy, and (3) the applicability of radiomics to detect hamstring strain injury (HSI). MRI data was used as part of each study within this thesis since it is the preferred imaging technique for the brain and muscles. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common drug-resistant form of epilepsy in adults. Multiple MRI modalities are currently used for the diagnosis and characterization of TLE. Therefore, it is crucial to develop methods to more efficiently integrate multiple datasets for TLE diagnosis. In this thesis we first assessed the performance of DL and multimodal MRI data to provide an accurate classification of TLE by employing a multi-channel deep neural network (mDNN). Several mDNN models were cross-validated using brain structure metrics from structural MRI, MRI-based ROI correlation features, and personal demographic and cognitive data (PDC), individually or combined. The PDC dataset offered the most accurate classification of TLE individually and when combined with MRI-based brain structure metrics. These findings demonstrate the potential of deep learning approaches such as mDNN models to combine multiple datasets for TLE classification. Epilepsy is often treated with anti-seizure medication (ASM) but a portion of the patient population experiences a more severe form of the disease that is intractable to medication. A diagnosis of intractable epilepsy can take up to 3 years which increases the experienced clinical and social burdens. Hence, in the second study of this thesis, we investigated the feasibility of radiomics to predict medication response in epilepsy. Using T1- and T2-weighted (T1w and T2w) MRI images, radiomic features were extracted from the main four brain lobes and hippocampus and used for features selection and to cross-validate multiple support vector classifiers (SVCs). The combination of T1w and T2w-based hippocampus radiomic features offered the most accurate classification accuracy. When using T1w- and T2w-based radiomics individually, features from the hippocampus and combination from all ROIs offered the highest classification accuracy, respectively. Therefore, the potential of MRI-based radiomics to identify subjects with intractable epilepsy was demonstrated. HSIs are prevalent between collegiate and professional athletes in sprinting sports, and it is characterized by a high rate of re-injury. A premature return to sport (RTS) is associated with elevated reinjury rates. To this end, in the last study of this thesis, we explored the potential of radiomics to detect and assess HSI in collegiate athletes. Using T1w, T2w, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) MRI images, radiomic features were extracted from the four hamstring muscles in each limb. Feature selection and multiple SVCs were implemented to differentiate between involved and uninvolved limb and perform both binary and multiclass prediction of RTS using individual and combined multimodal MRI-based radiomics. Radiomic features from all DTI and T2w images are the strongest predictors of injury. When performing a binary and multiclass prediction, the combination of all MRI-based and all DTI maps radiomic features offered the most accurate classification, respectively. Consequently, it was demonstrated that radiomic features from hamstring muscles are related to injury and have the potential to predict RTS.
Book Synopsis Feature Analysis of Functional MRI Data for Mapping Epileptic Networks by : Lauren S. Burrell
Download or read book Feature Analysis of Functional MRI Data for Mapping Epileptic Networks written by Lauren S. Burrell and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focused on the development of a methodology for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from patients with epilepsy in order to map epileptic networks. Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, affects up to 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drug therapies either do not successfully control seizures or have unacceptable side effects in over 30% of patients. Approximately one-third of patients whose seizures cannot be controlled by medication are candidates for surgical removal of the affected area of the brain, potentially rendering them seizure free. Accurate localization of the epileptogenic focus, i.e., the area of seizure onset, is critical for the best surgical outcome. The main objective of the research was to develop a set of fMRI data features that could be used to distinguish between normal brain tissue and the epileptic focus. To determine the best combination of features from various domains for mapping the focus, genetic programming and several feature selection methods were employed. These composite features and feature sets were subsequently used to train a classifier capable of discriminating between the two classes of voxels. The classifier was then applied to a separate testing set in order to generate maps showing brain voxels labeled as either normal or epileptogenic based on the best feature or set of features. It should be noted that although this work focuses on the application of fMRI analysis to epilepsy data, similar techniques could be used when studying brain activations due to other sources. In addition to investigating in vivo data collected from temporal lobe epilepsy patients with uncertain epileptic foci, phantom (simulated) data were created and processed to provide quantitative measures of the efficacy of the techniques.
Book Synopsis In Vivo and Ex Vivo MRI Studies of an Animal Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Correlated with Histological Analysis by : Lan B. Hoang-Minh
Download or read book In Vivo and Ex Vivo MRI Studies of an Animal Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Correlated with Histological Analysis written by Lan B. Hoang-Minh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide and a significant cause of morbidity in modern society, especially in children and young adults. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common form of symptomatic localization-related human epilepsy and the most common epilepsy syndrome with pharmacologically intractable partial-onset seizures. Patients often have an initial precipitating injury during early childhood, followed by a latent period of up to several years before the emergence of complex partial seizures. Understanding the mechanisms involved during epileptogenesis as well as the consequences of initial injuries is crucial in the diagnosis of epilepsy and development of effective strategies for therapeutic intervention. Whether seizures cause permanent damage to the brain and lead to an epileptic lesion resulting in long-term epilepsy is a subject of controversy. Several cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology studies have reported changes suggestive of seizure-associated damage in animal models. Very few longitudinal studies have been performed to describe acute seizure-associated changes and their evolution over time. Since epileptic conditions in humans develop over long periods of time and have effects extending over many years, clinical studies seeking the causes and mechanisms underlying the development of epilepsy are very difficult and expensive to perform.
