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Quantifying Uranium Isotope Ratios Using Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Book Synopsis Quantifying Uranium Isotope Ratios Using Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry by : Brett Hallen Isselhardt
Download or read book Quantifying Uranium Isotope Ratios Using Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by Brett Hallen Isselhardt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) has been developed as a method to measure relative uranium isotope abundances. In this approach, RIMS is used as an element-selective ionization process to provide a distinction between uranium atoms and potential isobars without the aid of chemical purification and separation. We explore the laser parameters critical to the ionization process and their effects on the measured isotope ratio. Specifically, the use of broad bandwidth lasers with automated feedback control of wavelength was applied to the measurement of 235U/238U ratios to decrease laser-induced isotopic fractionation. By broadening the bandwidth of the first laser in a 3-color, 3-photon ionization process from a bandwidth of 1.8 GHz to about 10 GHz, the variation in sequential relative isotope abundance measurements decreased from>10% to less than 0.5%. This procedure was demonstrated for the direct interrogation of uranium oxide targets with essentially no sample preparation. A rate equation model for predicting the relative ionization probability has been developed to study the effect of variation in laser parameters on the measured isotope ratio. This work demonstrates that RIMS can be used for the robust measurement of uranium isotope ratios.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Uranium Isotope Ratios Using Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry by :
Download or read book Quantifying Uranium Isotope Ratios Using Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) has been developed as a method to measure relative uranium isotope abundances. In this approach, RIMS is used as an element-selective ionization process to provide a distinction between uranium atoms and potential isobars without the aid of chemical purification and separation. We explore the laser parameters critical to the ionization process and their effects on the measured isotope ratio. Specifically, the use of broad bandwidth lasers with automated feedback control of wavelength was applied to the measurement of 235U/238U ratios to decrease laser-induced isotopic fractionation. By broadening the bandwidth of the first laser in a 3-color, 3-photon ionization process from a bandwidth of 1.8 GHz to about 10 GHz, the variation in sequential relative isotope abundance measurements decreased from >10% to less than 0.5%. This procedure was demonstrated for the direct interrogation of uranium oxide targets with essentially no sample preparation. A rate equation model for predicting the relative ionization probability has been developed to study the effect of variation in laser parameters on the measured isotope ratio. This work demonstrates that RIMS can be used for the robust measurement of uranium isotope ratios.
Book Synopsis Rate Equation Model of Laser Induced Bias in Uranium Isotope Ratios Measured by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry by :
Download or read book Rate Equation Model of Laser Induced Bias in Uranium Isotope Ratios Measured by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) has been developed as a method to measure uranium isotope abundances. In this approach, RIMS is used as an element-selective ionization process between uranium atoms and potential isobars without the aid of chemical purification and separation. The use of broad bandwidth lasers with automated feedback control of wavelength was applied to the measurement of the 235U/238U ratio to decrease laser-induced isotopic fractionation. In application, isotope standards are used to identify and correct bias in measured isotope ratios, but understanding laser-induced bias from first-principles can improve the precision and accuracy of experimental measurements. A rate equation model for predicting the relative ionization probability has been developed to study the effect of variations in laser parameters on the measured isotope ratio. The model uses atomic data and empirical descriptions of laser performance to estimate the laser-induced bias expected in experimental measurements of the 235U/238U ratio. Empirical corrections are also included to account for ionization processes that are difficult to calculate from first principles with the available atomic data. As a result, development of this model has highlighted several important considerations for properly interpreting experimental results.
Book Synopsis Uranium Isotope Measurements by Quadrupole ICP-MS for Process Monitoring of Enrichment by : RN. Bolin
Download or read book Uranium Isotope Measurements by Quadrupole ICP-MS for Process Monitoring of Enrichment written by RN. Bolin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, uranium isotopic ratio measurements in the nuclear industry have been performed using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS); primarily due to the high level of precision that can be achieved. TIMS analysis, however, requires sample purification and intricate sample loading. Quadrupole (low resolution, single detector) inductively coupled plasma -- mass spectrometry, Q-ICP-MS, overcomes these disadvantages and is a cost-effective alternative, i.e., in terms of initial capital, maintenance, and operating costs. This paper presents a simple, single standard approach for measuring uranium isotope content in various solid and liquid nuclear materials along with some comparison data of Q-ICP-MS and TIMS. Intensity ratios of 234U, 235U, 236U, and 238U to total U intensity are produced, providing the enrichment level or percent 235U. A detailed description of the instrument and data collection parameters is also provided. Optimal precision and accuracy are achieved through the use of a single standard which is closely matched to the enrichment and concentration of the samples. Depending upon the standard chosen, enrichments between depleted and 97% can be quantified. Standard deviations for the major uranium isotopes are typically within 0.02 absolute and at least an order of magnitude lower for the minor U isotope abundances.
Book Synopsis Polarization and isotope shift effects in uranium isotope ratio measurements by resonance ionization mass spectrometry by : L. W. Green
Download or read book Polarization and isotope shift effects in uranium isotope ratio measurements by resonance ionization mass spectrometry written by L. W. Green and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium Isotopic Standard Reference Materials by : E. L. Garner
Download or read book Uranium Isotopic Standard Reference Materials written by E. L. Garner and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry by : I. T. Platzner
Download or read book Modern Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry written by I. T. Platzner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-10-22 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. T. Platzner Atomic Energy Commission, Israel Including contributions from instrument manufacturers! Geological aging, chemical reaction mechanism studies, determination of atomic weights and investigation of metabolic pathways-these are all examples of the truly diverse nature of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). With applications in fields as far apart as analytical chemistry and astronomy, geochemistry and biomedical science, it is little wonder that this technique is becoming increasingly popular. In Modern Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry,the first comprehensive book written on the subject for twenty-five years, examples from all these areas, and many more,are given. All modern developments in this fascinating field are discussed with special attention paid to technical details and instrumentation. Features of the book include: * comprehensive element-by-element review including 94 elements * applications chapter which stresses multi-disciplinary nature of subject * instrumentation chapter with contributions from three leading industrialists on state-of-the-art instrumentation
Book Synopsis Uranium Isotope Measurements with a Model SU-1 Surface Ionization Mass Spectrometer by : V. L. Warren
Download or read book Uranium Isotope Measurements with a Model SU-1 Surface Ionization Mass Spectrometer written by V. L. Warren and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Isotopic Ratio Measurement of Uranium in the Form of Hydrolyzed Uranium Hexafluoride by Inductively Coupled Plasma Multiple Collector Mass Spectrometry by : T. Hodgson
Download or read book The Isotopic Ratio Measurement of Uranium in the Form of Hydrolyzed Uranium Hexafluoride by Inductively Coupled Plasma Multiple Collector Mass Spectrometry written by T. Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inductively coupled plasma-multiple collector-mass spectrometer (ICP-MC-MS) has been used to measure the isotopic composition of uranium in three solutions of uranium hexafluoride. The 235U: 238U ratio of each sample solution ranged from approximately 0.007 to 0.03 to 1.0. The measurements are linear over this range and the precision and accuracy are comparable, if not superior, to that obtained by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). However, acceptable isotopic ratio measurement of uranium hexafluoride solutions is not possible by TIMS because the presence of fluoride ions severely limits analytical precision. Hence, the fluoride must be removed prior to analysis. This necessitates a chemical purification stage which adds both time and expense to the measurement process. This study reports direct, high precision, accurate uranium isotope ratio measurements on solutions of uranium hexafluoride. The instrumental time required for the analysis of 15 uranium samples with the ICP-MC-MS totals 135 min. This compares with an estimated time requirement of 600 min by TIMS and a time of 900 min by UF6 gas mass spectrometry.
Book Synopsis The Determination of Uranium Isotope Abundances and Reactor Fuel Burnup by Mass Spectrometry by : D. E. Fornwalt
Download or read book The Determination of Uranium Isotope Abundances and Reactor Fuel Burnup by Mass Spectrometry written by D. E. Fornwalt and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantification of uranium isotopes by multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry by : L. W. Green
Download or read book Quantification of uranium isotopes by multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry written by L. W. Green and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ultra-sensitive Isotopic Analysis by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry by :
Download or read book Ultra-sensitive Isotopic Analysis by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high-powered pulsed dye laser has been interfaced to a commerical ion microprobe mass analyzer. This combination should provide ultra-high sensitivity for isotope ratio measurements of selected elements in environmental samples. The technique is an outgrowth of resonance ionization mass spectrometry which has demonstrated high precision for isotope ratio determinations of uranium and plutonium using thermal filament atomization. Sputter atomization using a pulsed argon ion beam represents a significant improvement in efficiency because the temporal overlap between the atom cloud and the laser pulse can approach 100%. This, coupled with the high ionization efficiency of laser induced resonance ionization methods, promises an analytical sensitivity which is significantly better than other microprobe techniques. A description of the experimental set-up is given along with the modifications to the ion microprobe instrument which were necessary to obtain acceptable ion extraction efficiency. Also shown are results for samarium and uranium demonstrating the optical and mass spectra obtained. 21 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Book Synopsis REIMEP-18, Inter-laboratory Comparison for the Measurement of Uranium Isotopic Ratios in Nitric Acid Solution by :
Download or read book REIMEP-18, Inter-laboratory Comparison for the Measurement of Uranium Isotopic Ratios in Nitric Acid Solution written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The REIMEP 18 (Regular European Inter-laboratory Measurement Evaluation Programme) campaign was started in October 2005. For this campaign 4 samples of depleted to low-enriched uranium were chosen. State of the art certification measurements were carried out using a Varian MAT511 UF6-gas source mass spectrometer (GSMS) for the n(235U)/n(238U) ratio and using a Triton thermal-ionization mass-spectrometer (TIMS) for the minor isotope ratios n(234U)/n(238U) and n(236U)/n(238U). Verification measurements on ampouled samples were performed successfully and showed good agreement with the certified ratios. REIMEP 18 has been the largest nuclear measurement campaign organized by IRMM so far. Samples were shipped in March 2006 to 85 registered participants. Most of the participating laboratories submitted their results before May 31st 2006. Due to problems with the sample containers and extended shipping times the submission deadline had to be postponed until September 30th 2006 for some of the participating laboratories. In the end IRMM received results from 71 laboratories. The results of the REIMEP 18 campaign confirm in general the excellent capability of laboratories in measuring isotopic abundances of uranium although some problems arose for the measurements of the minor isotope ratios n(234U)/n(238U) and n(236U)/n(238U). This report describes the outcome of the REIMEP 18 campaign, including the graphical evaluation and discussion of the results, the evaluation of the questionnaire and the discussion of conclusions and actions to be taken.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Focused Ion Beams by : Lucille A. Giannuzzi
Download or read book Introduction to Focused Ion Beams written by Lucille A. Giannuzzi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-18 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Focused Ion Beams is geared towards techniques and applications. This is the only text that discusses and presents the theory directly related to applications and the only one that discusses the vast applications and techniques used in FIBs and dual platform instruments.
Book Synopsis High-fidelity in Isotope Ratio Measurements for Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry by :
Download or read book High-fidelity in Isotope Ratio Measurements for Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculations are performed to gauge the effect of the convolution of atomic spectral characteristics with laser sources upon isotope ratio measurements by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS). Comparison with experimental data is included. 7 refs., 3 figs.
Book Synopsis A World Without Sample Preparation by :
Download or read book A World Without Sample Preparation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are developing highly sensitive, highly discriminating laser-based techniques for rapid determination of isotopic compositions. Rapid command of such information is critical to assessment of the origin and history of nuclear materials, particularly in post-detonation scenarios.
Book Synopsis Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry at Los Alamos National Laboratory by :
Download or read book Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry at Los Alamos National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present recent results on the application of resonance ionization mass spectrometry to the precision measurement of isotope ratios, particularly in the presence of isobaric interferences. Emphasis is placed on hardware developments having the potential to increase ionization efficiency.
