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Quantifying Carbon Exchange In Midwest Us Bioenergy Cropping Systems After Land Use Change
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Book Synopsis Quantifying Carbon Exchange in Midwest U.S. Bioenergy Cropping Systems After Land-use Change by :
Download or read book Quantifying Carbon Exchange in Midwest U.S. Bioenergy Cropping Systems After Land-use Change written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When land-use was changed from natural ecosystems to tillage-based agroecosystems, terrestrial carbon storage was substantially reduced. To reverse this effect, agroecosystems today must use management practices that allocate significant amounts of carbon into the soil and protect that carbon from mechanisms that cause loss. Cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems are one type of land management that may contribute to carbon storage goals along with providing other ecosystem services. From 2010 to 2012, the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of three potential Midwest cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems - continuous maize (Zea maize L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and hybrid poplar (NM6, Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) - was quantified using a component-based modeling approach. Over the course of the experiment, the research site experienced a wide range of growing season drought conditions that illuminated significant differences between cropping systems. In addition, at the outset of the research project the hybrid poplar stands began showing signs of a defoliating fungus that eventually led to the removal of the hybrid poplar system from the final analysis because of incompatibilities with model structure. Final results showed reductions of ecosystem carbon in maize and maintenance of ecosystem carbon in switchgrass. Carbon removal during harvest was a significant contributor to the reduction of ecosystem carbon in maize and it was hypothesized that the legacy effects of past management and the high initial carbon content of the soil contributed to shifts in ecosystem carbon. A significant difference between the NECB of the two ecosystems was only found in the year without water stress, and the most severe drought conditions greatly increased the variability in NECB. The lack of differences in drought years were attributed to reduced maize harvest with increasing drought severity and increased model uncertainty during the most significant drought conditions. The fact that neither bioenergy cropping system increased carbon storage indicates these systems are not ideal for meeting goals to increase terrestrial carbon storage in Southern Wisconsin, assuming they are managed according to the methods described here.
Book Synopsis Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability by : Marina Fischer-Kowalski
Download or read book Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability written by Marina Fischer-Kowalski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-19 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arising from a scientific conference marking the 100th anniversary of her birth, this book honors the life and work of the social scientist and diplomat Ester Boserup, who blazed new trails in her interdisciplinary approach to development and sustainability.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems and Management by : R.F. Follett
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems and Management written by R.F. Follett and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.
Book Synopsis Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program by : Climate Change Science Program (U.S.)
Download or read book Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program written by Climate Change Science Program (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CO2 Sequestration and Valorization by : Claudia R. V. Morgado
Download or read book CO2 Sequestration and Valorization written by Claudia R. V. Morgado and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reconciliation of economic development, social justice and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the biggest political challenges of the moment. Strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions on a large scale using sequestration, storage and carbon technologies are priorities on the agendas of research centres and governments. Research on carbon sequestration is the path to solving major sustainability problems of this century a complex issue that requires a scientific approach and multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary technology, plus a collaborative policy among nations. Thus, this challenge makes this book an important source of information for researchers, policymakers and anyone with an inquiring mind on this subject.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :925107920X Total Pages :139 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2013 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas emissions by the livestock sector could be cut by as much as 30 percent through the wider use of existing best practices and technologies. FAO conducted a detailed analysis of GHG emissions at multiple stages of various livestock supply chains, including the production and transport of animal feed, on-farm energy use, emissions from animal digestion and manure decay, as well as the post-slaughter transport, refrigeration and packaging of animal products. This report represents the most comprehensive estimate made to-date of livestocks contribution to global warming as well as the sectors potential to help tackle the problem. This publication is aimed at professionals in food and agriculture as well as policy makers.
Book Synopsis Soil Survey of Barry County, Michigan by : Gregory F. Thoen
Download or read book Soil Survey of Barry County, Michigan written by Gregory F. Thoen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Book Synopsis Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture by : Todd S. Rosenstock
Download or read book Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture written by Todd S. Rosenstock and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs, and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book, developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2 emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder systems.
Book Synopsis Developing and Deploying Negative Emission Technologies: System-level Assessment and Rationalization by : Aidong Yang
Download or read book Developing and Deploying Negative Emission Technologies: System-level Assessment and Rationalization written by Aidong Yang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis First Order Fire Effects Model by : Elizabeth D. Reinhardt
Download or read book First Order Fire Effects Model written by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildfire. FOFEM computes duff and woody fuel consumption, smoke production, and fire-caused tree mortality for most forest and rangeland types in the United States. The model is available as a computer program for PC or Data General computer.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2018-2027 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2018-2027 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourteenth joint edition of the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook provides market projections for major agricultural commodities, biofuels and fish, as well as a special feature on the prospects and challenges of agriculture and fisheries in the Middle East and North Africa.
Book Synopsis Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes Quantification of Sinks and Sources of CO2 by : Joe Wisniewski
Download or read book Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes Quantification of Sinks and Sources of CO2 written by Joe Wisniewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards the Balance and Management of the Carbon Budget of the Biosphere The current state of misunderstanding of the global C cycle and our failure to resolve an issue that has been debated for 100 years (Jones and Henderson-Sellers, 1990) speaks loudly about the limitations of modem science when faced with the complexity of the biosphere. Efforts to understand and balance the global C budget have gone through several phases. First was a holistic view of the C budget as part of efforts to understand the geochemistry of the Earth (e. g. , Clarke, 1908). Next, came a period of data collection and sythesis which focused on the diversity of sectors of the biosphere. This phase culminated in the early 1970's with the realization that humans were greatly impacting the global C cycle as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al. , 1973). New syntheses of the global C budget emerged at this time (Woodwell and Pacan, 1973; Bolin et al. , 1979). The next phase was one of controversy and intense focus on particular sectors of the biosphere. The controversy rested on discrepancies about the role of the terrestrial biota in the global C cycle and the failure to account for sufficient C sinks to absorb all the C emitted by land-use change in the tropics (Woodwell et al. , 1978, 1983; Houghton et al. , 1983).
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :152 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Biomass and Environmental Trading by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
Download or read book Biomass and Environmental Trading written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Bioenergy Crops by : N. El Bassam
Download or read book Handbook of Bioenergy Crops written by N. El Bassam and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised second edition includes new information on biomass in relation to climate change, new coverage of vital issues including the "food versus fuel" debate, and essential new information on "second generation" fuels and advances in conversion techniques. The book begins with a guide to biomass accumulation, harvesting, transportation and storage, as well as conversion technologies for biofuels. This is followed by an examination of the environmental impact and economic and social dimensions, including prospects for renewable energy. The book then goes on to cover all the main potential energy crops.
Book Synopsis Renewable Fuel Standard by : National Research Council
Download or read book Renewable Fuel Standard written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-29 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, we have come to depend on plentiful and inexpensive energy to support our economy and lifestyles. In recent years, many questions have been raised regarding the sustainability of our current pattern of high consumption of nonrenewable energy and its environmental consequences. Further, because the United States imports about 55 percent of the nation's consumption of crude oil, there are additional concerns about the security of supply. Hence, efforts are being made to find alternatives to our current pathway, including greater energy efficiency and use of energy sources that could lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as nuclear and renewable sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, and biofuels. The United States has a long history with biofuels and the nation is on a course charted to achieve a substantial increase in biofuels. Renewable Fuel Standard evaluates the economic and environmental consequences of increasing biofuels production as a result of Renewable Fuels Standard, as amended by EISA (RFS2). The report describes biofuels produced in 2010 and those projected to be produced and consumed by 2022, reviews model projections and other estimates of the relative impact on the prices of land, and discusses the potential environmental harm and benefits of biofuels production and the barriers to achieving the RFS2 consumption mandate. Policy makers, investors, leaders in the transportation sector, and others with concerns for the environment, economy, and energy security can rely on the recommendations provided in this report.
