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Quantification And The Quest For Medical Certainty
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Book Synopsis Quantification and the Quest for Medical Certainty by : J. Rosser Mathews
Download or read book Quantification and the Quest for Medical Certainty written by J. Rosser Mathews and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception in World War II, the clinical trial has evolved into a standard procedure in determining therapeutic efficacy in many Western industrial democracies. Its features include a "control" group of patients that do not receive the experimental treatment, the random allocation of patients to either the experimental or control group, and the use of blind assessment so that the researchers do not know which patients are in either group. Even though it has been only within the past generation that the clinical trial has moved to the forefront of medical research, comparative statistics in a therapeutic context has a much longer history. From that history J. Rosser Matthews chooses to discuss three crucial debates: that among clinicians before the Parisian Academy of Medicine in 1837, the debate in the German physiological literature during the 1850s, and, in the early twentieth century, the debate over the bacteriologist's diagnostic technique involving the "opsonic index." Matthews demonstrates that despite the very real differences separating clinician, physiologist, and bacteriologist, they all shared an antipathy toward the methods of the statistician. Since they viewed medical judgment as a form of "tacit knowledge," they downplayed the concerns of the medical statistician who was attempting to make medical inference into something explicit and quantitative. Only when "medical decision-making" moved from the cloistered confines of professional medical expertise into the arena of open political debate could the medical statistician (and the clinical trial) gain the upper hand.
Book Synopsis Quantification and the Quest for Medical Certainty by : J Rosser Matthews
Download or read book Quantification and the Quest for Medical Certainty written by J Rosser Matthews and published by . This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception in World War II, the clinical trial has evolved into a standard procedure in determining therapeutic efficacy in many Western industrial democracies. Its features include a "control" group of patients that do not receive the experimental treatment, the random allocation of patients to either the experimental or control group, and the use of blind assessment so that the researchers do not know which patients are in either group. Even though it has been only within the past generation that the clinical trial has moved to the forefront of medical research, comparative statistics in a therapeutic context has a much longer history. From that history J. Rosser Matthews chooses to discuss three crucial debates: that among clinicians before the Parisian Academy of Medicine in 1837, the debate in the German physiological literature during the 1850s, and, in the early twentieth century, the debate over the bacteriologist's diagnostic technique involving the "opsonic index."Matthews demonstrates that despite the very real differences separating clinician, physiologist, and bacteriologist, they all shared an antipathy toward the methods of the statistician. Since they viewed medical judgment as a form of "tacit knowledge, " they downplayed the concerns of the medical statistician who was attempting to make medical inference into something explicit and quantitative. Only when "medical decision-making" moved from the cloistered confines of professional medical expertise into the arena of open political debate could the medical statistician (and the clinical trial) gain the upper hand.
Book Synopsis The Risks of Medical Innovation by : Thomas Schlich
Download or read book The Risks of Medical Innovation written by Thomas Schlich and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a new way of thinking about the risks of medical innovation, this volume considers the issues from a social historical perspective, and studies specific cases in their respective contexts.
Book Synopsis Demanding Medical Excellence by : Michael L. Millenson
Download or read book Demanding Medical Excellence written by Michael L. Millenson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A three-time Pulitzer Prize nominee as a health-care reporter for the "Chicago Tribune" illustrates serious flaws in contemporary medical practice and shows ways to improve care and save tens of thousands of lives.
Book Synopsis Intuition in Medicine by : Hillel D. Braude
Download or read book Intuition in Medicine written by Hillel D. Braude and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-05-22 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intuition is central to discussions about the nature of scientific and philosophical reasoning and what it means to be human. In this bold and timely book, Hillel D. Braude marshals his dual training as a physician and philosopher to examine the place of intuition in medicine. Rather than defining and using a single concept of intuition—philosophical, practical, or neuroscientific—Braude here examines intuition as it occurs at different levels and in different contexts of clinical reasoning. He argues that not only does intuition provide the bridge between medical reasoning and moral reasoning, but that it also links the epistemological, ontological, and ethical foundations of clinical decision making. In presenting his case, Braude takes readers on a journey through Aristotle’s Ethics—highlighting the significance of practical reasoning in relation to theoretical reasoning and the potential bridge between them—then through current debates between regulators and clinicians on evidence-based medicine, and finally applies the philosophical perspectives of Reichenbach, Popper, and Peirce to analyze the intuitive support for clinical equipoise, a key concept in research ethics. Through his phenomenological study of intuition Braude aims to demonstrate that ethical responsibility for the other lies at the heart of clinical judgment. Braude’s original approach advances medical ethics by using philosophical rigor and history to analyze the tacit underpinnings of clinical reasoning and to introduce clear conceptual distinctions that simultaneously affirm and exacerbate the tension between ethical theory and practice. His study will be welcomed not only by philosophers but also by clinicians eager to justify how they use moral intuitions, and anyone interested in medical decision making.
Book Synopsis Wrestling with Nature by : Peter Harrison
Download or read book Wrestling with Nature written by Peter Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When and where did science begin? Historians have offered different answers to these questions, some pointing to Babylonian observational astronomy, some to the speculations of natural philosophers of ancient Greece. Others have opted for early modern Europe, which saw the triumph of Copernicanism and the birth of experimental science, while yet another view is that the appearance of science was postponed until the nineteenth century. Rather than posit a modern definition of science and search for evidence of it in the past, the contributors to Wrestling with Nature examine how students of nature themselves, in various cultures and periods of history, have understood and represented their work. The aim of each chapter is to explain the content, goals, methods, practices, and institutions associated with the investigation of nature and to articulate the strengths, limitations, and boundaries of these efforts from the perspective of the researchers themselves. With contributions from experts representing different historical periods and different disciplinary specializations, this volume offers a fresh perspective on the history of science and on what it meant, in other times and places, to wrestle with nature.
Book Synopsis Observation and Experiment by : Paul R. Rosenbaum
Download or read book Observation and Experiment written by Paul R. Rosenbaum and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the face of conflicting claims about some treatments, behaviors, and policies, the question arises: What is the most scientifically rigorous way to draw conclusions about cause and effect in the study of humans? In this introduction to causal inference, Paul Rosenbaum explains key concepts and methods through real-world examples.
Book Synopsis A doctor's order. The Dutch Case of Evidence-Based Medicine (1970-2015) by : Timo Bolt
Download or read book A doctor's order. The Dutch Case of Evidence-Based Medicine (1970-2015) written by Timo Bolt and published by Maklu. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1990s, a new concept was coined: ‘evidence-based medicine’ (EBM). After a remarkably short time, EBM was virtually all-pervasive in medicine and healthcare throughout the world. Even outside the domain of healthcare, the new concept became fashionable, for example in the shape of (pleas for) ‘evidence-based management’ and ‘evidence-based policy’. In short, ‘evidence-based’ developed into one of the mantras of the current era. This book uses history as a tool to gain insight into the highly influential, but also elusive and multifaceted phenomenon of EBM. As such, A Doctor’s Order is a ‘must read’ for patients, professionals, managers and policy makers in healthcare as well as for anyone who is interested in understanding the present socio-political order.
Book Synopsis Foundations of Evidence-Based Medicine by : Milos Jenicek
Download or read book Foundations of Evidence-Based Medicine written by Milos Jenicek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text focuses on reasoning, critical thinking and pragmatic decision making in medicine. Based on the author’s extensive experience and filled with definitions, formulae, flowcharts and checklists, this fully revised second edition continues to provide invaluable guidance to the crucial role that clinical epidemiology plays in the expanding field of evidence-based medicine. Key Features: • Considers evidence-based medicine as a universal initiative common to all health sciences and professions, and all specialties within those disciplines • Demonstrates how effective practice is reliant on proper foundations, such as clinical and fundamental epidemiology, and biostatistics • Introduces the reader to basic epidemiological methods, meta-analysis and decision analysis • Shows that structured, modern, argumentative reasoning is required to build the best possible evidence and use it in practice and research • Outlines how to make the most appropriate decisions in clinical care, disease prevention and health promotion Presenting a range of topics seldom seen in a single resource, the innovative blend of informal logic and structured evidence-based reasoning makes this book invaluable for anyone seeking broad, in-depth and readable coverage of this complex and sometimes controversial field.
Book Synopsis Physician: How Science Transformed the Art of Medicine by : Rajeev Kurapati MD
Download or read book Physician: How Science Transformed the Art of Medicine written by Rajeev Kurapati MD and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2023-08-09 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What happened that changed the priest—the revered healer of antiquity—into a person of science? How was the modern doctor made? Physician is Rajeev Kurapati’s earnest attempt to answer this question and others central to the practice of medicine. For instance, how have the advances of medical technology influenced society’s perception of death? How do physicians balance thinking with feeling when dealing with critically ill patients? How do we meet the needs of patients seeking a personal connection to their doctor in what may seem to be an emotionally deficient medical landscape? Is it possible to overcome some of the compromises we’ve had to make along the way? What is the promise of modern medicine and its limitations? And notably—as medical care becomes more and more digitized and automated, will the medical degree—a universal badge of respectability—continue to hold value? Dr. Kurapati, a practicing hospital physician, succeeds in gracefully exploring the depths of what it really means to be a doctor—and a patient—at this time in our human history, and his blueprint for building a stronger future of healthcare is an important and valuable one."
Download or read book Normality written by Peter Cryle and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of normal is so familiar that it can be hard to imagine contemporary life without it. Yet the term entered everyday speech only in the mid-twentieth century. Before that, it was solely a scientific term used primarily in medicine to refer to a general state of health and the orderly function of organs. But beginning in the middle of the twentieth century, normal broke out of scientific usage, becoming less precise and coming to mean a balanced condition to be maintained and an ideal to be achieved. In Normality, Peter Cryle and Elizabeth Stephens offer an intellectual and cultural history of what it means to be normal. They explore the history of how communities settle on any one definition of the norm, along the way analyzing a fascinating series of case studies in fields as remote as anatomy, statistics, criminal anthropology, sociology, and eugenics. Cryle and Stephens argue that since the idea of normality is so central to contemporary disability, gender, race, and sexuality studies, scholars in these fields must first have a better understanding of the context for normality. This pioneering book moves beyond binaries to explore for the first time what it does—and doesn’t—mean to be normal.
Book Synopsis Medical Sciences - Volume I by : B.P. Mansourian
Download or read book Medical Sciences - Volume I written by B.P. Mansourian and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2009-08-10 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. This 2-volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.
Book Synopsis Shadow Medicine by : John S. Haller, Jr.
Download or read book Shadow Medicine written by John S. Haller, Jr. and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) find common ground? A distinguished historian of medicine, John S. Haller Jr., explores the epistemological foundations of EBM and the challenges these conceptual tools present for both conventional and alternative therapies. As he explores a possible reconciliation between their conflicting approaches, Haller maintains a healthy, scientific skepticism yet finds promise in select complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies. Haller elucidates recent research on the placebo effect and shows how a new engagement between EBM and CAM might lead to a more productive medical practice that includes both the objectivity of evidence-based medicine and the subjective truth of the physician-patient relationship. Haller's book tours key topics in the standoff between EBM and CAM: how and why the double blinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) came to be considered the gold standard in modern medicine; the challenge of postmodern medicine as it counters the positivism of evidence-based medicine; and the politics of modern CAM and the rise of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. He conducts an in-depth case study of homeopathy, explaining why it has emerged as a poster-child for CAM, and assesses CAM's popularity despite its poor performance in clinical trials. Haller concludes with hope, showing how new experimental protocols might tease out the evidentiary basis for the placebo effect and establish a foundation for some reconciliation between EBM and CAM.
Author :Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary Publisher :EOLSS Publications ISBN 13 :1848263872 Total Pages :518 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (482 download)
Book Synopsis MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume VIII by : Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Download or read book MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume VIII written by Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Dynamics of Parkinson’s Disease and the Basal Ganglia-Thalamic-Cortical System by : Erwin B. Montgomery Jr.
Download or read book Nonlinear Dynamics of Parkinson’s Disease and the Basal Ganglia-Thalamic-Cortical System written by Erwin B. Montgomery Jr. and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-20 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear Dynamics of Parkinson’s Disease and the Basal Ganglia-Thalamic-Cortical System examines current research regarding the operations of the basal ganglia-thalamic-cortical system that causes neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease. While there have been remarkable advances in the understanding of the anatomy, physiology and chemistry of these systems, there remains a significant degree of inconsistency and incompleteness between facts and advancements. This book introduces the novel concepts of nonlinear complex systems and their connection to Parkinsonism as well as hyperkinetic disorders. The actual mechanisms underlying the motor disorders of Parkinson’s disease at the level of the lower motor neuron are also discussed. Outlines phenomenological selectivity of pallidotomy and Deep Brain Stimulation Reviews the anatomical models of pathophysiology and physiology Discusses the instrumental and analytical misrepresentations and the inferences that misrepresent the data in Nonmonotonic Nonlinear Dynamics
Book Synopsis Statistics and the Language of Global Health by : Yi-Tang Lin
Download or read book Statistics and the Language of Global Health written by Yi-Tang Lin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yi-Tang Lin presents the historical process by which statistics became the language of global health for local and international health organizations. Drawing on archival material from three continents, this study investigates efforts by public health schools, philanthropic foundations, and international organizations to turn numbers into an international language for public health. Lin shows how these initiatives produced an international network of public health experts who, across various socioeconomic and political contexts, opted for different strategies when it came to setting global standards and translating local realities into numbers. Focusing on China and Taiwan between 1917 and 1960, Lin examines the reception, adaptation, and appropriation of international health statistics. She presents the dynamic interplay between numbers, experts, and policy-making in international health organizations and administrations in China and Taiwan. This title is also available as Open Access.
Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine by : Jeremy H. Howick
Download or read book The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine written by Jeremy H. Howick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-23 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has become a required element of clinical practice, but it is critical for the healthcare community to understand the ongoing controversy surrounding EBM. Seeking to address questions raised by critics, The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine challenges the over dependency of EBM on randomized controlled trials. This book also explores EBM methodology and its relationship with other approaches used in medicine.
