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Purinergic Regulation Of Respiratory Diseases
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Book Synopsis Purinergic Regulation of Respiratory Diseases by : Maryse Picher
Download or read book Purinergic Regulation of Respiratory Diseases written by Maryse Picher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-11 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We proudly present the first book to integrate all aspects of purinergic signaling in the respiratory system. The first chapters introduce basic notions of purinergic pharmacology and metabolism, which allows readers from all scientific backgrounds to fully grasp the importance of these signaling networks for airway defenses, including mucociliary clearance and inflammatory responses. Then, chapters are devoted to the groundbreaking discovery that chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), present specific aberrances in purinergic signaling which essentially drive lung complications. The last chapters describe the animal models used to investigate purinergic signaling in respiratory diseases, and the therapeutic applications developed by the pharmaceutical industry based on receptor agonists/antagonists and metabolic correctors. This highly comprehensive manuscript constitutes an invaluable tool for beginners and experts to follow the rapidly evolving research field of purinergic signaling. Furthermore, the critical analysis of past clinical protocols should facilitate the identification of potent therapeutic targets, and provide a better understanding of the data acquired in current clinical trials.
Book Synopsis Purinergic Regulation of Respiratory Diseases by : Maryse Picher
Download or read book Purinergic Regulation of Respiratory Diseases written by Maryse Picher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We proudly present the first book to integrate all aspects of purinergic signaling in the respiratory system. The first chapters introduce basic notions of purinergic pharmacology and metabolism, which allows readers from all scientific backgrounds to fully grasp the importance of these signaling networks for airway defenses, including mucociliary clearance and inflammatory responses. Then, chapters are devoted to the groundbreaking discovery that chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), present specific aberrances in purinergic signaling which essentially drive lung complications. The last chapters describe the animal models used to investigate purinergic signaling in respiratory diseases, and the therapeutic applications developed by the pharmaceutical industry based on receptor agonists/antagonists and metabolic correctors. This highly comprehensive manuscript constitutes an invaluable tool for beginners and experts to follow the rapidly evolving research field of purinergic signaling. Furthermore, the critical analysis of past clinical protocols should facilitate the identification of potent therapeutic targets, and provide a better understanding of the data acquired in current clinical trials.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function by : Sarah Y. Yuan
Download or read book Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function written by Sarah Y. Yuan and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood–tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care.
Book Synopsis Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease by :
Download or read book Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease written by and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses determines a state known as oxidative stress. Higher levels of pro-oxidants compared to antioxidant defenses may generate oxidative damage, which, in turn, may lead to modifications in cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA, reducing functional capacity and increasing the risk of diseases. Nevertheless, the clearance of harmful reactive chemical species is achieved by the antioxidant defense systems. These protection systems are referred to as the first and second lines of defense and comprise the classic antioxidants, enzymatic and nonenzymatic defenses, including glutathione. This book presents and discusses the advancement of research on health and diseases and their underlying mechanisms, exploring mainly aspects related to the glutathione antioxidant system.
Book Synopsis Carbonic Anhydrase: Mechanism, Regulation, Links to Disease, and Industrial Applications by : Susan C. Frost
Download or read book Carbonic Anhydrase: Mechanism, Regulation, Links to Disease, and Industrial Applications written by Susan C. Frost and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of carbonic anhydrase has spanned multiple generations of scientists. Carbonic anhydrase was first discovered in 1932 by Meldrum and Roughton. Inhibition by sulfanilamide was shown in 1940 by Mann and Keilin. Even Hans Krebs contributed to early studies with a paper in 1948 showing the relationship of 25 different sulfonamides to CA inhibition. It was he who pointed out the importance of both the charged and uncharged character of these compounds for physiological experiments. The field of study that focuses on carbonic anhydrase (CA) has exploded in recent years with the identification of new families and isoforms. The CAs are metalloenzymes which are comprised of 5 structurally different families: the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, and epsilon classes. The alpha class is found primarily in animals with several isoforms associated with human disease. The beta CAs are expressed primarily in plants and are the most divergent. The gamma CAs are the most ancient. These are structurally related to the beta CAs, but have a mechanism more similar to the alpha CAs. The delta CAs are found in marine algae and diflagellates. The epsilon class is found in prokaryotes in which it is part of the carboxysome shell perhaps supplying RuBisCO with CO2 for carbon fixation. With the excitement surrounding the discovery of disease-related CAs, scientists have redoubled their efforts to better understand structure-function relationships, to design high affinity, isotype-specific inhibitors, and to delineate signaling systems that play regulatory roles over expression and activity. We have designed the book to cover basic information of mechanism, structure, and function of the CA families. The authors included in this book bring to light the newest data with regard to the role of CA in physiology and pathology, across phylums, and in unique environmental niches.
Book Synopsis Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling in Immunology and Infectious Diseases by : Michael B. A. Oldstone
Download or read book Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling in Immunology and Infectious Diseases written by Michael B. A. Oldstone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its analogs in the induced sequestration of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs or in the microenvironment of tissues involved in infection or autoimmune disease. Initial chapters define the pathways to understand S1P signaling. They cover the organization of signaling systems, the structural biology of the S1P1 receptor, and the chemical and genetic tools that are available and useful to explore this area of research and therapeutics. The later chapters highlight S1P and endothelial integrity, lymphocyte migration in the spleen, and S1P agonist in controlling immunopathologic manifestations of acute respiratory influenza virus infection (in the lung), and its accompanying cytokine storm as well as immunopathologic disease of the central nervous system, including the beginning of treatments in multiple sclerosis. One chapter reveals the possible involvement of other lipid molecules, their use for better understanding lipid signaling, and their potential in the modulation of immune responses.
Book Synopsis Membrane Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Lung Disorders by :
Download or read book Membrane Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Lung Disorders written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Lung Disorders, Volume 83, the latest release in the Current Topics in Membranes series, highlights new advances in the field, with this volume presenting chapters from recognized experts on topics such as cardiotonic steroids, Na+, K+ pumps and vascular fibrosis, purinergic signaling in the lung, structural models of a2-subunit N-termini and binding interfaces, ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes triggered by dissipation of monovalent cation gradients, the Na, K-ATPase alpha2 isoform in cardiovascular pathologies, the role of cell swelling and volume-sensitive ion channels in stroke pathology, structure-function relationships in the renal NaCl cotransporter, and more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Current Topics in Membranes series Includes the latest information on membrane ion transporters
Book Synopsis Regulated Proteolysis in Microorganisms by : David A. Dougan
Download or read book Regulated Proteolysis in Microorganisms written by David A. Dougan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains an extensive collection of critical reviews, from leading researchers in the field of regulated protein degradation. It covers the role of regulated proteolysis in a range of microorganisms (from Gram positive, Gram negative and pathogenic bacteria to Archaea and the Baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Book Synopsis The P2X7 Receptor by : Annette Nicke
Download or read book The P2X7 Receptor written by Annette Nicke and published by Humana. This book was released on 2023-07-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume covers diverse aspects of P2X7 receptor analysis, ranging from its molecular structure to related pharmacological and immunological tools, via its analysis in heterologous expression systems as well as assays using primary cells and whole animal models. After three introductory chapters that focus on its structure, ligands, and physiological functions, the book details the generation of antibody and nanobody tools for P2X7 receptors, provides protocols for the analysis of expressed P2X7 receptors with a focus on their electrophysiological analysis, as well as protocols for the investigation of P2X7 down-stream signaling in immune cells by flow cytometry. Mouse models and procedures suited to investigate P2X7-mediated effects in other primary cells and in vivo are also explained. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, The P2X7 Receptor: Methods and Protocols is a valuable reference not only for the growing community fascinated by this unusual ion channel but also for a broad readership interested in ion channels or purinergic receptors.
Book Synopsis Receptors P1 and P2 as Targets for Drug Therapy in Humans by : Robson Faria
Download or read book Receptors P1 and P2 as Targets for Drug Therapy in Humans written by Robson Faria and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide a brief update on the functions of purinergic receptors in various systems, in addition to the signaling pathway activated to mediate these functions. We address the influence of hypoxia by modulating the activity of these receptors under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, we describe the mechanisms of induction of pain and inflammation in different systems. Finally, the book discusses some of the main bioinformatics tools currently used to improve or discover new prototypes capable of selectively acting on these receptors with estimated parameters of satisfactory solubility and toxicity for possible commercial implementation.
Download or read book Exhaled Biomarkers written by I. Horvath and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exhaled air contains numerous substances, often in extremely low concentrations. The development of sensitive detection techniques has made it possible to examine the composition of exhaled air in relation to a variety of airway diseases and other disorders. In this book, an overview of current cutting-edge breath analysis techniques and their clinical applications is provided for the clinician. The various contributions give a fascinating perspective of a future where new, highly sensitive methodologies will enable clinicians to diagnose and monitor a wide variety of diseases merely by taking.
Book Synopsis Cytochrome P450 2E1: Its Role in Disease and Drug Metabolism by : Aparajita Dey
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 2E1: Its Role in Disease and Drug Metabolism written by Aparajita Dey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with various clinical aspects of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) which is a potent source for oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is critical for pathogenesis of diseases and CYP2E1 is a major contributor for oxidative stress. Several clinical disorders are associated with changes in regulation of CYP2E1 and the consequent abnormalities which include alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic pancreatitis, carcinogenesis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, hepatitis C virus infection, reproductive organ toxicity, hepatocellular and cholestatic liver cirrhosis, inhibition of bone repair, cross-tolerance in smokers and people treated with nicotine, disorders of central nervous system, changes in metabolism of protoxicants in the circulatory system and susceptibility to human papillomavirus infection. Hence, CYP2E1 emerges as a new and potent player in aggravating injury and furthering disease complications.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition by : Roland N. Pittman
Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Book Synopsis Epigenetics: Development and Disease by : Tapas Kumar Kundu
Download or read book Epigenetics: Development and Disease written by Tapas Kumar Kundu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics fine-tunes the life processes dictated by DNA sequences, but also kick-starts pathophysiological processes including diabetes, AIDS and cancer. This volume tracks the latest research on epigenetics, including work on new-generation therapeutics.
Book Synopsis Mucus Hypersecretion in Respiratory Disease by : Derek J. Chadwick
Download or read book Mucus Hypersecretion in Respiratory Disease written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-07 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of chronic respiratory diseases including chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis are characterized by mucus hypersecretion. Following damage to the airway epithelium, a repair process of dedifferentiation, regenerative proliferation and redifferentiation takes place that is invariably accompanied by mucus hypersecretion as a key element in the host defence mechanism. In chronic respiratory diseases, however, excessive mucus production leads to a pathological state with increased risk of infection, hospitalization and morbidity. An understanding of the mechanisms that underlie and maintain this hypersecretory phenotype is therefore crucial for the development of rational approaches to therapy. Despite a high and increasing prevalence and cost to healthcare services and society, mucus hypersecretion in chronic respiratory disease has received little attention until recently, probably because of the difficulties inherent in studying this pathology. Only in the last few years have some of the genes involved in mucus secretion been characterized. The recent availability of genomic sequence information and specific antibodies has led to an explosion of interest in this area making this publication particularly timely. This book draws together contributions from an international and interdisciplinary group of experts, whose work is focused on both basic and clinical aspects of the problem. Coverage includes epidemiology, airways infection and mucus hypersecretion, the genetics and regulation of mucus production, models of mucus hypersecretion, and the implications of new knowledge for the development of novel therapies.
Book Synopsis Proteins and Proteomics of Leishmania and Trypanosoma by : André L.S. Santos
Download or read book Proteins and Proteomics of Leishmania and Trypanosoma written by André L.S. Santos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of critical reviews on the expression of biologically functional proteins in Leishmania and Trypanosoma, which was written by renowned researchers on this field. Species belonging to these trypanosomatids’ genera are etiological agents of leishmaniasis, Chagas’ disease and sleeping sickness that are extremely debilitating human infection diseases, which remain a major health problem especially in countries from Latin America, Africa and Middle East. Substantiating the problem, the currently accepted drugs for these diseases are quiet unsatisfying due to their low efficacy and high toxicity. In order to solve these real problems, several research groups around the world have become involved in the study and identification of novel potential targets in the trypanosomatid cell. Since proteins are key macromolecules involved in crucial metabolic processes of all living cells, studies have focused on the expression of specific proteins produced by Leishmania and Trypanosoma by means of different biochemical, molecular and proteomic approaches in order to explore them as targets for understanding the parasite life cycle and developing new strategies against trypanosomiasis. With these proposals in mind, the book “Proteins and Proteomics of Leishmania and Trypanosoma” encompasses (i) an integrated view about the biochemistry of parasites belonging to the Leishmania and Trypanosoma genera; (ii) an updated review on the expression of biologically relevant proteins by human pathogenic trypanosomatids and their possible role in the interaction with host cells/molecules as well as a target for development of both alternative chemotherapies and vaccine; and (iii) several pictures, diagrams and tables that can be used to illustrate both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as scientific lectures, being a useful resource for students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Peroxisomes and their Key Role in Cellular Signaling and Metabolism by : Luis A. del Río
Download or read book Peroxisomes and their Key Role in Cellular Signaling and Metabolism written by Luis A. del Río and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peroxisomes are a class of ubiquitous and dynamic single membrane-bounded cell organelles, devoid of DNA, with an essentially oxidative type of metabolism. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that peroxisomes are involved in a range of important cellular functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. In higher eukaryotes, including humans, peroxisomes catalyze ether phospholipids biosynthesis, fatty acid alpha-oxidation, glyoxylate detoxification, etc, and in humans peroxisomes are associated with several important genetic diseases. In plants, peroxisomes carry out the fatty acid beta-oxidation, photorespiration, metabolism of ROS, RNS and RSS, photomorphogenesis, biosynthesis of phytohormones, senescence, and defence against pathogens and herbivores. In recent years it has been postulated a possible contribution of peroxisomes to cellular signaling. In this volume an updated view of the capacity and function of peroxisomes from human, animal, fungal and plant origin as cell generators of different signal molecules involved in distinct processes of high physiological importance is presented.
