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Public Spending For The Poor
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Book Synopsis Public Spending and the Poor by : Dominique Van de Walle
Download or read book Public Spending and the Poor written by Dominique Van de Walle and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a critical assessment of the state of current knowledge on the distributional impacts of public spending for developing and transition countries. It focuses on the distribution of benefits from spending categories that have traditionally been seen as pro-poor, including education and health expenditures, food subsidies, cash transfers, and public employment schemes.
Book Synopsis Public Spending for the Poor by : Gary T. Burtless
Download or read book Public Spending for the Poor written by Gary T. Burtless and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Public Spending by : Sanjay Pradhan
Download or read book Evaluating Public Spending written by Sanjay Pradhan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 318. Analyzes the condition needed for achieving sustainable private sector growth in the Visegrad countries--the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic. The analysis focuses on the legal and regulatory framework and institutional capacity, the privatization of state enterprises, and private sector development.
Book Synopsis Public Spending and the Poor by : Dominique Van de Walle
Download or read book Public Spending and the Poor written by Dominique Van de Walle and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Public Spending and the Poor by : Dominique P. van de Walle
Download or read book Public Spending and the Poor written by Dominique P. van de Walle and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public spending is a pote ...
Book Synopsis Basic Services for All? by : Santosh K. Mehrotra
Download or read book Basic Services for All? written by Santosh K. Mehrotra and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Public Spending and the Poor: What We Know, What We Need to Know by : de van Dominique Walle
Download or read book Public Spending and the Poor: What We Know, What We Need to Know written by de van Dominique Walle and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 1995 Public spending is a potentially powerful instrument for fighting poverty. Generally, what is needed is universalism in certain spending categories (basic services) and finer targeting in others (for providing safety nets, for example). Public spending aims to promote efficiency (by correcting for various market failures) and equity (by improving the distribution of economic welfare). This paper, drawn from a book on public spending and the poor, is concerned with the latter. In it van de Walle focuses on three key questions: What is the welfare objective? How are the benefits of public spending currently distributed? How can that distribution be improved? We must first be clear about how performance is to be judged, says van de Walle. Different assumptions about policy objectives shape disagreements about program assessments and recommendations. Evaluating a policy's impact requires assessing how different things would have been without it, but quantifying a counterfactual is not easy. One approach--benefit incidence--ignores behavioral responses and second-round effects, and simply uses the cost of provision as a proxy for benefits received. Other methods focus entirely on the individual's valuation of the policy benefits, allowing for responses to changes in the individual's budget set. Some reasonably robust conclusions have emerged from studies of public spending incidence: * Spending on basic services--notably primary and secondary education and basic health care--almost universally reaches the poor. The case for broad targeting, by expanding the share of public spending on these services, is well-substantiated. But even here, monitoring is required so that marginal investments are not lavished on better serving the better-off. * Certain food subsidy and distribution schemes, social cash transfers (such as are common in the former Soviet Union countries and Eastern Europe), public employment schemes, and other targeted transfer schemes have at times been quite propoor. * But many programs whose stated rationale is to reduce poverty have instead been dismal, expensive failures. A popular reaction has been to clamor for reform of public spending, to demand finer targeting of benefits to the poor. Most public spending programs are to some degree targeted. The question is, what degree of targeting is optimal? Other things being equal, the more ways one discriminates between beneficiaries, the greater targeting's impact on poverty. But other things are not equal. Fine targeting sometimes comes at a cost to the poor. Administrative costs may escalate, political support may vanish, and behavioral responses may add costs to targeted interventions. There is no simple answer about how much targeting is desirable, but empirical evidence from past studies suggests some clear principles. The optimal mix of targeted and universal poverty-reduction programs depends on several factors, including the characteristics of the poor (who they are, how many there are, and why they are poor) and country-specific circumstances (initial conditions, infrastructure development, and administrative capabilities). * When poverty is widespread and administrative capacity is low, broad targeting is desirable and results from incidence of public spending studies should help guide sectoral and intrasectoral allocations. * Generally, what is needed is a combination of universalism in certain spending categories and finer targeting in others (for providing safety nets, for example). Such a two-pronged approach is a sound starting point for policy design. But in implementing it, one should never confuse the ends and the means of policy. This paper--a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department--is derived from Incidence and Targeting: An Overview of Implications for Research and Policy, a chapter in the book Public Spending and the Poor: Theory and Evidence. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Public Expenditure Handbook by : Ke-young Chu
Download or read book Public Expenditure Handbook written by Ke-young Chu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-09-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook, edited by Ke-young Chu and Richard Hemming, offers guidance to officials formulating public policy recommendations, so that the aggregate level of public spending conforms with the economy's overall resource capacity. The handbook looks at the impact of public spending on the efficiency of resource use and explores the basis for distinguishing between productive and unproductive spending.
Book Synopsis Public Expenditure Analysis by : World Bank
Download or read book Public Expenditure Analysis written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the public sector in developing countries. Provides tools of analysis for discovering equity in tax burdens as well as in public spending and judging government performance in its role in safeguarding the interests of the poor and disadvantaged. Outlines a framework for a rights-based approach to citizen empowerment - in other words, creating an institutional design with appropriate rules, restraints, and incentives to make the public sector responsive and accountable to an average voter.
Book Synopsis How Does the Composition of Public Spending Matter? by : Stefano Paternostro
Download or read book How Does the Composition of Public Spending Matter? written by Stefano Paternostro and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Public spending has effects which are complex to trace and difficult to quantify. But the composition of public expenditure has become the key instrument by which development agencies seek to promote economic development. In recent years, the development assistance to heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) has been made conditional on increased expenditure on categories that are thought to be "pro-poor". This paper responds to the growing concern being expressed about the conceptual foundations and the empirical basis for the belief that poverty can be reduced through targeted public spending. While it is widely accepted that growth and redistribution are important sources of reduction in absolute poverty, a review of the literature confirms the lack of an appropriate theoretical framework for assessing the impact of public spending on growth as well as poverty. There is a need to combine principles of both public economics and growth theory to develop appropriate theoretical guidance for public expenditure policy. This paper identifies a number of approaches that are beginning to address this gap. Building on these approaches, it proposes a framework that has its foundation in a broadly articulated development strategy and its economic goals such as growth, equity, and poverty reduction. It recommends the use of public economics principles to clarify the roles of the private and public sectors and to recognize the complementarity of spending, taxation, and regulatory instruments available to affect public policy. With regard to the impact of any given type of public spending, policy recommendations must be tailored to countries and be based on empirical analysis that takes account of the lags and leads in their effects on equity and growth and ultimately on poverty. The paper sketches out such a framework as the first step in what will have to be a longer-term research agenda to provide theoretically and empirically robust and verifiable guidance to public spending policy.
Book Synopsis Foreign Aid's Impact on Public Spending by : Tarhan Feyzioglu
Download or read book Foreign Aid's Impact on Public Spending written by Tarhan Feyzioglu and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: May 1996 Using a model of aid fungibility, the authors examine the relationship between foreign aid and public spending. Based on a panel of cross-country and time-series data, their results show that roughly 75 cents of every dollar given in net development assistance goes to current spending and 25 cents to capital spending in the recipient countries. But concessionary loans - a component of development assistance - stimulate far more government spending. Their results also show that aid increases both public and private investment. To test aid fungibility across both public spending categories, they use a newly constructed data series on the net disbursement of concessionary loans. They find that concessionary loans given to the transport and communication sector are fully nonfungible. But loans to the energy sector are converted into fungible monies and part of the funds leak into transport and communications. Loans to agriculture and education are also fungible. There is no evidence of concessionary funds being diverted for military purposes. Their results show that total public spending in the health sector has no impact on reducing infant mortality, but concessionary loans to the health sector do. This finding leads the authors to conclude that linking foreign aid to an agreed-upon public spending program in areas critical to development might be an effective way to transfer resources to developing countries.
Book Synopsis Lives in the Balance by : Charles C. Griffin
Download or read book Lives in the Balance written by Charles C. Griffin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-08-01 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its potential impact, and, in some cases, the harm it has brought, foreign aid is under the microscope. Donor countries, who don't want simply to give money away; recipient nations, who need to make the most of what they have and get; and analysts, policymakers, and writers are all scrutinizing how much is spent and where it goes. Perhaps more important, aid is only a small part of what developing country governments spend. Their own resources finance 80 percent or more of health and education spending except in the most aid-dependent countries. Lives in the Balance investigates a vital aspect of this landscape—how best to ensure that public spending, including aid money, gets to the right destination. The development of democratic institutions and the spread of cheap communications technology in developing countries make it possible for the "demand-side"—citizens and civil society institutions—to advocate for improved transparency, stronger accountability, better priorities, reduced corruption, and more emphasis on helping the poor. Securing real reform will depend not only on knowledge of how the recipient government operates, but also how to work with partner entities—the media, the private sector, other organizations, and legislators—to raise awareness and compel change.
Book Synopsis Toward More Efficient and Effective Public Social Spending in Central America by : Pablo Acosta
Download or read book Toward More Efficient and Effective Public Social Spending in Central America written by Pablo Acosta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central America has come a long way both in terms of economic and political stability. Increasingly the region is focusing on implementing productivity-enhancing reforms as well as supporting reductions in poverty and inequality. This report analyzes recent trends in public social spending in Central America from 2007 to 2014, conducts international benchmarking, examines measures of the effectiveness and efficiency of social spending, and discusses the quality of selected institutions influencing this spending. We examine total social spending, as well as detailing its four components: public spending on the education, health, and social protection and labor (SPL) sectors. In analyzing public social spending, the report addresses three crucial policy issues: (a) how to improve the coverage and redistributional incidence of public social spending; (b) how to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public social spending; and (c) how to strengthen the institutions governing public spending in the social sector. While based heavily on a series of recent analytical social spending studies in six countries in the subregion—Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama—this report also takes a broader regional perspective and includes some comparisons to countries in other regions.
Book Synopsis Restoring Fiscal Discipline for Poverty Reduction in Peru by : World Bank
Download or read book Restoring Fiscal Discipline for Poverty Reduction in Peru written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Poverty or Prosperity? by : Sheila Lawlor
Download or read book Poverty or Prosperity? written by Sheila Lawlor and published by Andrews UK Limited. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays by leading economists on how different tax regimes affect the overall prosperity of a country. The UK faces shrinking tax revenues and additional public spending demands, while taxpayers, jobs and investment can move to lower cost economies. The authors in this book argue these problems can be surmounted, if the tax system reflects supply and demand, as well as responding to social, cultural and political pressures. Taxes that penalise incentive and hold back economic growth should be avoided, as should those which deter saving and investment, and those which are too complex. Within this framework, it is possible to respond to added pressures to expand public services or for more spending on benefits.
Book Synopsis Public Expenditure in Latin America by : Guy Pierre Pfeffermann
Download or read book Public Expenditure in Latin America written by Guy Pierre Pfeffermann and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since public spending is often a crucial component of economic activity in any country, this paper looks at the implications of public spending and its effects on poverty in the Latin American context. Specifically, the paper focuses on two areas. First, because overall economic growth is a necessary condition for long-term poverty reduction, the incidence of public spending on the pace of development is of fundamental importance. Consequently, the paper examines what has been the experience in Latin America during the past fifteen to twenty years and how the state's role in the economy evolved. Second, the paper discusses the social incidence of public expenditures and its effects on poverty. The report indicates that achievement of resumed growth is clearly the goal toward which Latin American governments must be striving if more resources are to be freed for attending to the needs of the poor. However, the report goes on to conclude by saying that the only wise course of action is to consider a reform of government social agencies without further delay, rather than to wait for growth to resume before attacking the social problems of the poor.
Book Synopsis Public Spending on Health Care and the Poor by : Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
Download or read book Public Spending on Health Care and the Poor written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the impact of public spending on the poor's health status in over 70 countries. It provides evidence that the poor have significantly worse health status than the rich and that they are more favorably affected by public spending on health care. An important new result is that the relationship between public spending and the health status of the poor is stronger in low-income countries than in higher-income countries. However, the results suggest that increased public spending alone will not be sufficient to meet international commitments for improvements in health status.
