Proxies

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Proxies

Author : Dylan Mulvin
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262361949
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Proxies by : Dylan Mulvin

Download or read book Proxies written by Dylan Mulvin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How those with the power to design technology, in the very moment of design, are allowed to imagine who is included--and who is excluded--in the future. Our world is built on an array of standards we are compelled to share. In Proxies, Dylan Mulvin examines how we arrive at those standards, asking, "To whom and to what do we delegate the power to stand in for the world?" Mulvin shows how those with the power to design technology, in the very moment of design, are allowed to imagine who is included--and who is excluded--in the future. For designers of technology, some bits of the world end up standing in for other bits, standards with which they build and calibrate. These "proxies" carry specific values, even as they disappear from view. Mulvin explores the ways technologies, standards, and infrastructures inescapably reflect the cultural milieus of their bureaucratic homes. Drawing on archival research, he investigates some of the basic building-blocks of our shared infrastructures. He tells the history of technology through the labor and communal practices of, among others, the people who clean kilograms to make the metric system run, the women who pose as test images, and the actors who embody disease and disability for medical students. Each case maps the ways standards and infrastructure rely on prototypical ideas of whiteness, able-bodiedness, and purity to control and contain the messiness of reality. Standards and infrastructures, Mulvin argues, shape and distort the possibilities of representation, the meaning of difference, and the levers of change and social justice.

Proxies

Author : Brian Blanchfield
Publisher : Nightboat Books
ISBN 13 : 193765852X
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis Proxies by : Brian Blanchfield

Download or read book Proxies written by Brian Blanchfield and published by Nightboat Books. This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past compunction, expressly unbeholden, these twenty-four single-subject essays train focus on a startling miscellany of topics - Foot Washing, Dossiers, Br'er Rabbit, Housesitting, Man Roulette, the Locus Amoenus - that begin to unpack the essayist himself and his life's rotating concerns: sex and sexuality, poetry and poetics, subject positions in American labor (not excluding academia), and his upbringing in working-class, Primitive Baptist, central-piedmont North Carolina. In Proxies an original constraint, a "total suppression of recourse to authoritative sources," engineers Brian Blanchfield's disarming mode of independent intellection. The "repeatable experiment" to draw only from what he knows, estimates, remembers, and misremembers about the subject at hand often opens onto an unusually candid assessment of self and situation. The project's driving impulse, courting error, peculiar in an era of crowd-sourced Wiki-knowledge, is at least as old as the one Montaigne had when, putting all the books back on the shelf, he asked, "What do I know?"

Proxy

Author : Alex London
Publisher : Philomel Books
ISBN 13 : 0399257764
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Proxy by : Alex London

Download or read book Proxy written by Alex London and published by Philomel Books. This book was released on 2013 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Privileged Knox and and his proxy, Syd, are thrown together to overthrow the system"--

Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography

Author : Gerhard Fischer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642586465
Total Pages : 735 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography by : Gerhard Fischer

Download or read book Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography written by Gerhard Fischer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleoceanographic proxies provide infonnation for reconstructions of the past, including climate changes, global and regional oceanography, and the cycles of biochemical components in the ocean. These prox ies are measurable descriptors for desired but unobservable environmental variables such as tempera ture, salinity, primary productivity, nutrient content, or surface-water carbon dioxide concentrations. The proxies are employed in a manner analogous to oceanographic methods. The water masses are first characterized according to their specific physical and chemical properties, and then related to particular assemblages of certain organisms or to particular element or isotope distributions. We have a long-standing series of proven proxies available. Marine microfossil assemblages, for instance, are employed to reconstruct surface-water temperatures. The calcareous shells of planktonic and benthic microorgan isms contain a wealth of paleoceanographic information in their isotopic and elemental compositions. Stable oxygen isotope measurements are used to detennine ice volume, and MglCa ratios are related to water temperatures, to cite a few examples. Organic material may also provide valuable infonnation, e. g. , about past productivity conditions. Studying the stable carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter or individual marine organic components may provide a measure of past surface-water CO 2 conditions within the bounds of certain assumptions. Within the scope of paleoceanographic investigations, the existing proxies are continuously evolving and improving, while new proxies are being studied and developed. The methodology is improved by analysis of samples from the water column and surface sediments, and through laboratory experiments.

Proxy Wars

Author : Eli Berman
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501733095
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Proxy Wars by : Eli Berman

Download or read book Proxy Wars written by Eli Berman and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most common image of world politics involves states negotiating, cooperating, or sometimes fighting with one another; billiard balls in motion on a global pool table. Yet working through local proxies or agents, through what Eli Berman and David A. Lake call a strategy of "indirect control," has always been a central tool of foreign policy. Understanding how countries motivate local allies to act in sometimes costly ways, and when and how that strategy succeeds, is essential to effective foreign policy in today's world. In this splendid collection, Berman and Lake apply a variant of principal-agent theory in which the alignment of interests or objectives between a powerful state and a local proxy is central. Through analysis of nine detailed cases, Proxy Wars finds that: when principals use rewards and punishments tailored to the agent's domestic politics, proxies typically comply with their wishes; when the threat to the principal or the costs to the agent increase, the principal responds with higher-powered incentives and the proxy responds with greater effort; if interests diverge too much, the principal must either take direct action or admit that indirect control is unworkable. Covering events from Denmark under the Nazis to the Korean War to contemporary Afghanistan, and much in between, the chapters in Proxy Wars engage many disciplines and will suit classes taught in political science, economics, international relations, security studies, and much more.

Mastering Proxy Servers

Author : Cybellium Ltd
Publisher : Cybellium Ltd
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (591 download)

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Book Synopsis Mastering Proxy Servers by : Cybellium Ltd

Download or read book Mastering Proxy Servers written by Cybellium Ltd and published by Cybellium Ltd. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cybellium Ltd is dedicated to empowering individuals and organizations with the knowledge and skills they need to navigate the ever-evolving computer science landscape securely and learn only the latest information available on any subject in the category of computer science including: - Information Technology (IT) - Cyber Security - Information Security - Big Data - Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Engineering - Robotics - Standards and compliance Our mission is to be at the forefront of computer science education, offering a wide and comprehensive range of resources, including books, courses, classes and training programs, tailored to meet the diverse needs of any subject in computer science. Visit https://www.cybellium.com for more books.

Biogeochemical Controls on Palaeoceanographic Environmental Proxies

Author : William E. N. Austin
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 9781862392571
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Biogeochemical Controls on Palaeoceanographic Environmental Proxies by : William E. N. Austin

Download or read book Biogeochemical Controls on Palaeoceanographic Environmental Proxies written by William E. N. Austin and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2008 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of our information about the evolution of Earth's ocean-climate system comes from the analysis of sediments laid down in the past. For example, the microfossil assemblage reflects the temperature, salinity and nutrient abundance of the water in which the organisms lived, while the chemical and isotopic composition of biogenic carbonates may be used to reconstruct past variations in the operation of the carbon cycle, as well as changes in ocean circulation. Nevertheless, understanding the link between these sediment variables (or 'proxies') and environmental conditions is not straightforward. This volume adopts a novel approach by bringing together palaeontologists, geochemists and palaeoceanographers, who contribute evidence that is required to better constrain these proxies. Topics include: (i) processes of biomineralization, and their effect on the chemical and isotopic composition of different organisms; (ii) proxy validation, including field, laboratory and theoretical studies; (iii) the links between modern and fossil organisms

Conservation by Proxy

Author : Tim Caro
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 159726959X
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservation by Proxy by : Tim Caro

Download or read book Conservation by Proxy written by Tim Caro and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2010-06-23 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast scope of conservation problems has forced biologists and managers to rely on "surrogate" species to serve as shortcuts to guide their decision making. These species-known by a host of different terms, including indicator, umbrella, and flagship species-act as proxies to represent larger conservation issues, such as the location of biodiversity hotspots or general ecosystem health. Synthesizing an immense body of literature, conservation biologist and field researcher Tim Caro offers systematic definitions of surrogate species concepts, explores biological theories that underlie them, considers how surrogate species are chosen, critically examines evidence for and against their utility, and makes recommendations for their continued use. The book clarifies terminology and contrasts how different terms are used in the real world considers the ecological, taxonomic, and political underpinnings of these shortcuts identifies criteria that make for good surrogate species outlines the circumstances where the application of the surrogate species concept shows promise Conservation by Proxy is a benchmark reference that provides clear definitions and common understanding of the evidence and theory behind surrogate species. It is the first book to review and bring together literature on more than fifteen types of surrogate species, enabling us to assess their role in conservation and offering guidelines on how they can be used most effectively.

Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars

Author : Assaf Moghadam
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000914240
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars by : Assaf Moghadam

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars written by Assaf Moghadam and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-28 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook is the first volume to comprehensively examine the challenges, intricacies, and dynamics of proxy wars, in their various facets. The volume aims to capture the significantly growing interest in the topic at a critical juncture when wars of many guises are becoming multifaceted proxy wars. Most often, proxy wars have wide-ranging implications for international security and are, therefore, a critically important subject of inquiry. The Handbook seeks to understand and explain proxy wars conceptually, theoretically, and empirically, with a focus on the numerous policy challenges and dilemmas they pose. To do so, it presents a multi- and interdisciplinary assessment of proxy wars focused on the causes, dynamics, and processes underpinning the phenomenon, across time and space and a multitude of actors throughout human history. The Handbook is divided into six thematic sections, as follows: Part I: Approaches to the Study of Proxy Wars Part II: Historical Perspectives on Proxy Wars Part III: Actors in Proxy Wars Part IV: Dynamics of Proxy Wars Part V: Case Studies of Proxy Wars Part VI: The Future of Proxy Wars By bringing together many leading scholars in a synthesis of expertise, this Handbook provides a unique and rigorous account of research into proxy war, which so far has been largely missing from the debate. This book will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, security studies, foreign policy, political violence, and International Relations.

Security and Exchange Commission Proxy Rules

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Security and Exchange Commission Proxy Rules by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce

Download or read book Security and Exchange Commission Proxy Rules written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

Author : Bärbel Hönisch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119010632
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology by : Bärbel Hönisch

Download or read book Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology written by Bärbel Hönisch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions do not only warm our planet but also acidify our oceans. It is currently unclear to which degree Earth’s climate and marine life will be impacted by these changes but information from Earth history, particularly the geochemical signals of past environmental changes stored in the fossil remains of marine organisms, can help us predict possible future changes. This book aims to be a primer for scientists who seek to apply boron proxies in marine carbonates to estimate past seawater carbonate chemistry and atmospheric pCO2. Boron proxies (δ11B and B/Ca) were introduced nearly three decades ago, with subsequent strides being made in understanding their mechanistic functioning. This text reviews current knowledge about the aqueous systematics, the inorganic and biological controls on boron isotope fractionation and incorporation into marine carbonates, as well as the analytical techniques for measurement of boron proxies. Laboratory and field calibrations of the boron proxies are summarized, and similarities between modern calibrations are explored to suggest estimates for proxy sensitivities in marine calcifiers that are now extinct. Example applications illustrate the potential for reconstructing paleo-atmospheric pCO2 from boron isotopes. Also explored are the sensitivity of paleo-ocean acidity and pCO2 reconstructions to boron isotope proxy systematics that are currently less well understood, including the elemental and boron isotopic composition of seawater through time, seawater alkalinity, temperature and salinity, and their collective impact on the uncertainty of paleo-reconstructions. The B/Ca proxy is based on the same mechanistic principles as the boron isotope proxy, but empirical calibrations suggest seawater pH is not the only controlling factor. B/Ca therefore has the potential to provide a second carbonate parameter that could be paired with δ11B to fully constrain the ocean carbonate system, but the associated uncertainties are large. This text reviews and examines what is currently known about the B/Ca proxy systematics. As more scientists embark on characterizing past ocean acidity and atmospheric pCO2, Boron in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology provides a resource to introduce geoscientists to the opportunities and complications of boron proxies, including potential avenues to further refine them.

Making Sense of Proxy Wars

Author : Michael A. Innes
Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1597972304
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (979 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Sense of Proxy Wars by : Michael A. Innes

Download or read book Making Sense of Proxy Wars written by Michael A. Innes and published by Potomac Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public debate over surrogate forces and proxy warfare has been largely dormant since the end of the Cold War. The conventional wisdom has been that with the end of the U.S.- Soviet rivalry, state sources of support for proxy guerrilla, insurgent, and terrorist organizations dried up, forcing them to look to criminal activity to survive and precipitating the growth of dangerously independent and well-resourced militants, mercenaries, and warlords. But in the few years since 2001, a wide range of issues raised to prominence by wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere suggest that armed proxies, and the forces that drive and shape their use, are part of a larger dynamic. From the legacies of the wars in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Kashmir, to the growth of privatized security and military companies, and to increased reliance on intermediaries of all kinds, these surrogate forces bear further study. Making Sense of Proxy Wars is the first book to seriously challenge Cold War assumptions about terrorism and proxy warfare, offering an alternative view of armed surrogates—whether they are private armies, indigenous militias, or unwilling victims—as complex, selfinterested actors on the international stage.

Understanding the New Proxy Wars

Author : Peter Bergen
Publisher : Hurst Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1787389758
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the New Proxy Wars by : Peter Bergen

Download or read book Understanding the New Proxy Wars written by Peter Bergen and published by Hurst Publishers. This book was released on 2022-10-04 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proxy warfare will shape the conflicts of the twenty-first century for the foreseeable future. Yet the popular understanding of proxy wars remains largely shaped by the experience of the Cold War. In reality, in the Greater Middle East and its periphery today, the growing power of regional states and non-state actors, combined with the proliferation of new technology, has reshaped proxy conflicts, in an increasingly multipolar and interconnected environment. In this collected volume, a range of researchers examine what constitutes proxy warfare and provide new insight into how these wars are waged, in contexts stretching from Ukraine to North Africa and Syria to Afghanistan. The volume draws upon research, surveys and interviews conducted in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Ukraine, as well as examining the propaganda output of those involved in these countries’ wars. In doing so, Understanding the New Proxy Wars helps reveal both the continuities and the differences between recent conflicts and those of times past.

Pension plans additional transparency and other actions needed in connection with proxy voting : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate.

Download Pension plans additional transparency and other actions needed in connection with proxy voting : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate. PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428937811
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Pension plans additional transparency and other actions needed in connection with proxy voting : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate. by :

Download or read book Pension plans additional transparency and other actions needed in connection with proxy voting : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate. written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

PROXY POLITICS

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783943620719
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Download or read book PROXY POLITICS written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Guardian

Author : Alex London
Publisher : Speak
ISBN 13 : 0147509815
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Guardian by : Alex London

Download or read book Guardian written by Alex London and published by Speak. This book was released on 2015-05 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pulse-pounding sequel to Proxy! Inspired by The Whipping Boy and Feed, this adrenaline-fueled thriller will appeal to fans of The Maze Runner and Divergent. Once a proxy, now the figurehead of the Revolution, Syd is a savior to some and a target for others. His bodyguard Liam must protect Syd with his life but armed Machinists aren't the only danger in the post-Jubilee world. A horrible disease is infecting people and since Guardians are hit first the government does nothing to help. Syd decides it's up to him to find a cure. . . And what he discovers leaves him stunned. This heart-stopping thriller is packed with volatile action and breathtaking heroics that will have readers racing to its epic conclusion. "Off-the-charts amazing." --Marie Lu, New York Times bestselling author of the Legend trilogy "Nonstop action and breakneck pace characterize this exceptional thriller...thought-provoking and breathtaking." --VOYA

Proxy Warfare on the Cheap

Author : Spyridon Plakoudas
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1793624879
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Proxy Warfare on the Cheap by : Spyridon Plakoudas

Download or read book Proxy Warfare on the Cheap written by Spyridon Plakoudas and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how the USA decided, reluctantly at first, to use the Syrian Kurds as a cheap proxy warrior against ISIS and how this partnership evolved, in the end, into a not-so-cheap investment owing to its unforeseen geopolitical implications.