Protein Trafficking In Neurons

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Protein Trafficking in Neurons

Author : Andrew J. Bean
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080465897
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Protein Trafficking in Neurons by : Andrew J. Bean

Download or read book Protein Trafficking in Neurons written by Andrew J. Bean and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-10-27 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient delivery of cellular constituents to their proper location is of fundamental importance for all cells and is of particular interest to neuroscientists, because of the unique functions and complex architecture of neurons. Protein Trafficking in Neurons examines mechanisms of protein trafficking and the role of trafficking in neuronal functioning from development to plasticity to disease. The book is divided into seven sections that review mechanisms of protein transport, the role of protein trafficking in synapse formation, exo- and endocytosis, transport of receptors, trafficking of ion channels and transporters, comparison of trafficking mechanisms in neuronal vs. non-neuronal cell types, and the relationship between trafficking and neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Prion Diseases. Provides a comprehensive examination of membrane/protein movement in neuronal function Sections on synapse development, synaptic transmission, and the role of trafficking in neurological disease Includes a focus on Molecular Mechanisms Illustrated with color summary pictures The only book examining protein trafficking and its functional implications, written by leaders in the field

The Neuronal Cytoskeleton, Motor Proteins, and Organelle Trafficking in the Axon

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128033541
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neuronal Cytoskeleton, Motor Proteins, and Organelle Trafficking in the Axon by :

Download or read book The Neuronal Cytoskeleton, Motor Proteins, and Organelle Trafficking in the Axon written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-01-12 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neuronal Cytoskeleton, Motor Proteins, and Organelle Trafficking in the Axon, a new volume in the Methods in Cell Biology series continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods in neuronal cells, and includes sections on such topics as actin transport in axons and neurofilament transport. Covers an increasingly appreciated field in cell biology Includes both established and new technologies Contributed by experts in the field

Trafficking Inside Cells

Author : Nava Segev
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038793877X
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Trafficking Inside Cells by : Nava Segev

Download or read book Trafficking Inside Cells written by Nava Segev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-30 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the past, present and future of the intra-cellular trafficking field, which has made a quantum leap in the last few decades. It details how the field has developed and evolved as well as examines future directions.

Molecular Biology of The Cell

Author : Bruce Alberts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts

Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Regulation of Biosynthetic Cargo Trafficking in Neurons

Author : Iryna Pustova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Biosynthetic Cargo Trafficking in Neurons by : Iryna Pustova

Download or read book Regulation of Biosynthetic Cargo Trafficking in Neurons written by Iryna Pustova and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurons are highly polarized cells with extremely long projections: dendrites and axons (together referred to as neurites). The central secretory dogma states that all protein synthesis and early secretory events take place in the cell body of a neuron, the soma. Yet, computational studies fail to reconcile experimental evidence with this notion proposing that there must be local protein synthesis and trafficking routes in distal neurites to support the function of a neuronal cell (reviewed in Chapter 1). Indeed, multiple lines of evidence from transcriptomics and protein translation studies indicate that local protein synthesis takes place independently of the soma. Amongst locally translated proteins, there are numerous secreted and membrane proteins. Yet, it is not clear how these newly synthesized proteins can be secreted locally, mainly, because the secretory pathway is largely understudied, especially in human neurons. Thus, I used human-induced pluripotent stem cells that I differentiated into cortical neurons to study the secretory pathway in distal neurites. In Chapter 2, I show that the secretory events occur in distal neuronal projections independently of the cell body. In fact, I find that nascent proteins are trafficked using an unconventional pathway via recycling endosomes. In addition, I uncover surprising new roles for TFG, a ubiquitously expressed protein and an important player in the early secretory pathway. Missense mutations in TFG have been identified in patients with neurodegenerative disorders though it is not clear how TFG results in disease. In Chapter 2, I show that TFG is not only important in the early secretory events in the conventional ER-to-Golgi trafficking, but it also mediates the unconventional secretory route where newly synthesized proteins exit ER and enter endosomes locally in distal neurites. Curiously, I find that TFG abundantly localizes with endosomes, suggesting that it must have an additional role in the endosomal pathway. Thus, I find that TFG has three distinct roles in neuronal cells: 1) conventional ER-to-Golgi trafficking in the soma, 2) unconventional ER-to-endosome route in distal neurites, 3) regulation of endosomal pathway. Future work, discussed in Chapter 3, will shed light on how TFG regulates the latter and how mutations in TFG lead to neurodegeneration.

Involvement of Myosin V and Associated Proteins in Protein Trafficking and Neuronal Morphogenesis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Involvement of Myosin V and Associated Proteins in Protein Trafficking and Neuronal Morphogenesis by :

Download or read book Involvement of Myosin V and Associated Proteins in Protein Trafficking and Neuronal Morphogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proper neuronal development and function requires precise sorting and delivery of various elements from the soma to the synapse. Important mediators of intracellular transport events are the actin-based class V myosin motors, which are involved in organelle transport in various cell types. Two myosin V family members, myosin Va and Vb, are present in the brain, however, the identity of cargoes transported by these motors is unknown. The objective of this thesis was to conduct molecular and cell biological studies to identify and characterize novel myosin V cargoes in neurons. The first approach I used was to characterize the distribution of candidate protein cargoes after blocking the function of endogenous myosin Va and Vb with dominant-negative (DN) versions. I found that in developing neurons, expression of DN myosin Vb, but not DN myosin Va, resulted in the accumulation in the soma of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit, GluR1, and a reduction of its surface expression. I also found that myosin Vb-mediated trafficking of GluR1 required an interaction with the GTPase Rab11. These results reveal a novel mechanism for the transport of a specific glutamate receptor subunit mediated by myosin Vb and Rab11. As an alternative approach to identify myosin Va binding partners in the brain, we conducted a yeast-two hybrid screen of a rat brain cDNA library using the cargo binding domain of myosin Va. Among the proteins identified in our screen, I selected a protein of unknown function previously identified as Rab-lysosomal-interacting protein like 2 (RILPL2) and further assessed its function. I found that RILPL2 expression in non-neuronal cells resulted in morphological changes and activation of the Rho GTPase Rac1. In developing neurons, gain or loss of RILPL2 function altered the density of dendritic spine protrusions and increased phosphorylation of the Rac1 effector Pak. These findings uncover a novel role for the myosin Va-interacting protein, RILPL2, in regulati.

Mobility and Proximity in Biological Membranes

Author : S. Damjanovich
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351091573
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Mobility and Proximity in Biological Membranes by : S. Damjanovich

Download or read book Mobility and Proximity in Biological Membranes written by S. Damjanovich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell surface membranes have long been characterized as two-dimensional fluids whose mobile components are randomized by diffusion in the plane of the membrane bilayer. Recent research has indicated that cell surface membranes are highly organized and ordered and that important functional units of membranes appear as arrays of interacting molecules rather than as single, freely diffusing molecules. Mobility and Proximity in Biological Membranes provides an overview of the results obtained from biophysical methods for probing the organization of cell surface membranes. These results are presented in the context of detailed treatments of the theory and the technical demands of each of the methods. The book describes a versatile and easily applied mode for investigating molecular proximities in plasma membranes in a flow cytometer. Its analysis of lipid fluidity and viscosity of membranes and the rotational mobility of proteins offers intimate insight into the physical chemistry of biological membranes. The electrophysiology of lymphocytes is presented with focus on its importance in different diseases. New techniques are described, and new data, new possibilities, and future trends are presented by world experts. This book's chapters can serve both as guides to the existing literature and as starting points for new experiments and approaches associated with problems in membrane function.

Culturing Nerve Cells

Author : Gary Banker
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262024389
Total Pages : 706 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Culturing Nerve Cells by : Gary Banker

Download or read book Culturing Nerve Cells written by Gary Banker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A do-it-yourself manual for culturing nerve cells, complete with recipes and protocols.

Protein Degradation, Aggregation, Membrane Trafficking and Exosomes in Neuronal Health and Disease

Author : Beatriz Alvarez
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889766756
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Protein Degradation, Aggregation, Membrane Trafficking and Exosomes in Neuronal Health and Disease by : Beatriz Alvarez

Download or read book Protein Degradation, Aggregation, Membrane Trafficking and Exosomes in Neuronal Health and Disease written by Beatriz Alvarez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Protein Kinesis

Author :
Publisher : CSHL Press
ISBN 13 : 9780879690694
Total Pages : 976 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Protein Kinesis by :

Download or read book Protein Kinesis written by and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigators provide an account of how cells control and repair the folding of newly synthesized proteins and transport them correctly to membranes, mitochondria and other cellular addresses. It also provides information on synaptic function, cell movement and other cellular functions.

Local Biosynthetic Trafficking of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal Dendrites

Author : Aaron Benjamin Bowen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Biosynthetic Trafficking of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal Dendrites by : Aaron Benjamin Bowen

Download or read book Local Biosynthetic Trafficking of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal Dendrites written by Aaron Benjamin Bowen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurons face the challenge of regulating the abundance, distribution and repertoire of integral membrane proteins on the surface of their immense, architecturally complex dendritic arbors. While the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports local translation of secretory cargo in all dendrites, most dendrites lack the Golgi apparatus (GA), an essential organelle for conventional secretory trafficking. Thus, whether secretory cargo is locally trafficked in dendrites through a non-canonical pathway remains a fundamental question. We have defined the trafficking itinerary for key synaptic molecules in dendrites. Following ER exit, the AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA1 and neuroligin 1 undergo spatially restricted entry into the dendritic secretory pathway and accumulate in recycling endosomes (REs) located in dendrites and spines prior to reaching the plasma membrane. Surprisingly, surface delivery of GluA1 occurred even when GA function was disrupted. Thus, in addition to their canonical role in protein recycling, REs are critical mediators of forward secretory trafficking in neuronal dendrites and spines through a specialized GA-independent trafficking network. While the SNARE machinery that supports biosynthetic trafficking from the GA to the plasma membrane in neurons is not known, the SNAREs that mediate RE exocytosis have been partially defined. Surprisingly, we found that constitutive trafficking of GluA1 through REs does not depend on VAMP2, an R-SNARE with a well-defined role in RE exocytosis. Instead, the clostridial-neurotoxin insensitive SNARE VAMP7 defined a pool of GluA1-containing transport vesicles and was required for their delivery to the plasma membrane. Synaptic stimulation accelerated the delivery of GluA1 from this pool. Interestingly, while this activity-regulated delivery required VAMP2, inhibition of VAMP7 had no effect on activity-induced exocytosis. Thus, VAMP2 and VAMP7 play complementary roles in activity-induced and constitutive delivery of new synaptic proteins. Overall we have identified a novel biosynthetic pathway that involves GA-independent transfer of cargoes to the dendritic RE compartment. Subsequent exocytosis of biosynthetic REs is constitutively maintained by VAMP7, but can be promoted by synaptic activity in a VAMP2-dependent manner. These results provide crucial insight into membrane trafficking processes that could support experience-dependent learning by rapidly delivering locally synthesized proteins to synaptic locations. Ongoing efforts are focused on the development of novel optical approaches to control secretory trafficking that will ultimately expand our capability to dissect the spatial trafficking of cargoes within the dendrite.

Connecting Long-range Transport to Local Synaptic Membrane Trafficking in the Neurons of C. Elegans

Author : Heather M. Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Connecting Long-range Transport to Local Synaptic Membrane Trafficking in the Neurons of C. Elegans by : Heather M. Brown

Download or read book Connecting Long-range Transport to Local Synaptic Membrane Trafficking in the Neurons of C. Elegans written by Heather M. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Green Fluorescent Protein

Author : Martin Chalfie
Publisher : Wiley-Liss
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Fluorescent Protein by : Martin Chalfie

Download or read book Green Fluorescent Protein written by Martin Chalfie and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 2006 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP), derived from jellyfish, this protein that emits a green glow has initiated a revolution in molecular biosciences. With this tool, it is now possible to visualize nearly any protein of interest in any cell or tissue of any species. Since the publication of the first edition, there have been tremendously significant technological advances, including development of new mutant variants. Proteins are now available in yellow and blue, and Novel Fluorescent Proteins (NFPs) have expanded their utility in developing biosensors, biological markers, and other biological applications. This updated, expanded new edition places emphasis on the rise of NFPs, including new chapters on NFP properties with detailed protocols, applications of GFPs and NFPs in industry research, and biosensors. This book provides a solid theoretical framework, along with detailed, practical guidance on use of GFPs and NFPs with discussion of potential pitfalls. The expert contributors provide real examples in showing how to tailor GFP/NFP to specific systems, maximize expression, and enhance detection.

Cannabinoids and the Brain

Author : Attila Köfalvi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387743499
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Cannabinoids and the Brain by : Attila Köfalvi

Download or read book Cannabinoids and the Brain written by Attila Köfalvi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-22 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocannabinoids have tremendous therapeutic potential. This book introduces readers to our current understanding of the neurobiology of endocannabinoids and related systems, detailing their pathophysiological role and therapeutic potential. Authors, experienced clinical investigators, present and analyze results of recent clinical trials as well as the development of new therapeutic strategies and medicines.

Characterizing the Trafficking and Function of Nedd4-1 in the Neuron

Author : Kevin Lamont White
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterizing the Trafficking and Function of Nedd4-1 in the Neuron by : Kevin Lamont White

Download or read book Characterizing the Trafficking and Function of Nedd4-1 in the Neuron written by Kevin Lamont White and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this dissertation is to bring a greater understanding of the trafficking and function of the ubiquitin E3 ligase, neuronal expressed downregulated in development protein 4-1 (Nedd4-1), in the neuron. Neuronal cell health depends on the delicate regulation of the various protein abundances across the neuron through protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Proteostasis consists of three major parts: protein synthesis, maintenance, and degradation. Ubiquitination by the E3 ligase plays an important part in proteostasis by targeting proteins for degradation. In this dissertation, I focus on studying how Nedd4-1's trafficking and protein interactions are tightly controlled by synaptic activity. These studies help better elucidate Nedd4-1's normal function in neurons and implications in neurological disease. In Chapter II, I present a comprehensive review of Nedd4-1's described role in the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease. This provides context for the experimental questions posed throughout this thesis. In Chapter III, we sought to understand rules regulating Nedd4-1 trafficking in neurons. Because cellular compartments differ greatly, subcellular localization of proteins is often finely regulated and intimately tied to their function. We created a GFP-tagged Nedd4-1 expression construct for use in live time-lapse imaging in hippocampal neurons to study the trafficking dynamics of Nedd4-1. First, we validated the utility of GFP-Nedd4-1 in live imaging. Next, we show that [alpha]-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation drive distinct trafficking dynamics of GFP-Nedd4-1 in neurons. Together these data suggest Nedd4-1's trafficking is subject to fine and distinct activity-dependent regulation in neurons. In Chapter IV, we further explored Nedd4-1's function in neurons by using APEX2 mediated proximity labeling to characterize Nedd4-1-s interactome. We created and validated the utility of APEX2-HA-Nedd4-1 expression and proximity labeling in primary neuronal cultures. We show that in untreated neuronal cultures, APEX2-Nedd4-1 had a significant association with spliceosome complex components and mRNA processing pathways. In contrast, NMDAR activation significantly increased APEX2-Nedd4-1 interaction with synaptic proteins. Using co-localization with postsynaptic marker PSD-95 and pharmacological inhibition of Nedd4-1 we show that NMDARs recruit Nedd4-1 to the synapse to possibly participate in regulation of GluA1 containing AMPARs there.

Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology

Author : Stefan Offermanns
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540389164
Total Pages : 1515 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology by : Stefan Offermanns

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology written by Stefan Offermanns and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-14 with total page 1515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential text, this is a fully updated second edition of a classic, now in two volumes. It provides rapid access to information on molecular pharmacology for research scientists, clinicians and advanced students. With the A-Z format of over 2,000 entries, around 350 authors provide a complete reference to the area of molecular pharmacology. The book combines the knowledge of classic pharmacology with the more recent approach of the precise analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which drugs exert their effects. Short keyword entries define common acronyms, terms and phrases. In addition, detailed essays provide in-depth information on drugs, cellular processes, molecular targets, techniques, molecular mechanisms, and general principles.

Stochastic Processes in Cell Biology

Author : Paul C. Bressloff
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030725154
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Stochastic Processes in Cell Biology by : Paul C. Bressloff

Download or read book Stochastic Processes in Cell Biology written by Paul C. Bressloff and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops the theory of continuous and discrete stochastic processes within the context of cell biology. In the second edition the material has been significantly expanded, particularly within the context of nonequilibrium and self-organizing systems. Given the amount of additional material, the book has been divided into two volumes, with volume I mainly covering molecular processes and volume II focusing on cellular processes. A wide range of biological topics are covered in the new edition, including stochastic ion channels and excitable systems, molecular motors, stochastic gene networks, genetic switches and oscillators, epigenetics, normal and anomalous diffusion in complex cellular environments, stochastically-gated diffusion, active intracellular transport, signal transduction, cell sensing, bacterial chemotaxis, intracellular pattern formation, cell polarization, cell mechanics, biological polymers and membranes, nuclear structure and dynamics, biological condensates, molecular aggregation and nucleation, cellular length control, cell mitosis, cell motility, cell adhesion, cytoneme-based morphogenesis, bacterial growth, and quorum sensing. The book also provides a pedagogical introduction to the theory of stochastic and nonequilibrium processes – Fokker Planck equations, stochastic differential equations, stochastic calculus, master equations and jump Markov processes, birth-death processes, Poisson processes, first passage time problems, stochastic hybrid systems, queuing and renewal theory, narrow capture and escape, extreme statistics, search processes and stochastic resetting, exclusion processes, WKB methods, large deviation theory, path integrals, martingales and branching processes, numerical methods, linear response theory, phase separation, fluctuation-dissipation theorems, age-structured models, and statistical field theory. This text is primarily aimed at graduate students and researchers working in mathematical biology, statistical and biological physicists, and applied mathematicians interested in stochastic modeling. Applied probabilists should also find it of interest. It provides significant background material in applied mathematics and statistical physics, and introduces concepts in stochastic and nonequilibrium processes via motivating biological applications. The book is highly illustrated and contains a large number of examples and exercises that further develop the models and ideas in the body of the text. It is based on a course that the author has taught at the University of Utah for many years.