Protecting Cyber Networks Act

Download Protecting Cyber Networks Act PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Protecting Cyber Networks Act by : United States. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

Download or read book Protecting Cyber Networks Act written by United States. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Critical Information Infrastructure Protection and the Law

Download Critical Information Infrastructure Protection and the Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908878X
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Critical Information Infrastructure Protection and the Law by : National Academy of Engineering

Download or read book Critical Information Infrastructure Protection and the Law written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-21 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All critical infrastructures are increasingly dependent on the information infrastructure for information management, communications, and control functions. Protection of the critical information infrastructure (CIIP), therefore, is of prime concern. To help with this step, the National Academy of Engineering asked the NRC to assess the various legal issues associated with CIIP. These issues include incentives and disincentives for information sharing between the public and private sectors, and the role of FOIA and antitrust laws as a barrier or facilitator to progress. The report also provides a preliminary analysis of the role of criminal law, liability law, and the establishment of best practices, in encouraging various stakeholders to secure their computer systems and networks.

Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative

Download Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437920144
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative by : John Rollins

Download or read book Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative written by John Rollins and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Introduction; Background on Cyber Threats and Calls for Executive Action; Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative and Concerns Regarding Transparency and Effectiveness; Legal Authorities for Executive Branch Responses to Cyber Threats; Separation of Powers in National Security Matters; Congressional Constraints on Executive Action; Policy Considerations and Congressional Options; Conclusion.

Cybersecurity

Download Cybersecurity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781478218043
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cybersecurity by : Edward C. Liu

Download or read book Cybersecurity written by Edward C. Liu and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal government's role in protecting U.S. citizens and critical infrastructure from cyberattacks has been the subject of recent congressional interest. Critical infrastructure commonly refers to those entities that are so vital that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating impact on national security, economic security, or the public health and safety. This report discusses selected legal issues that frequently arise in the context of recent legislation to address vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure to cyber threats, efforts to protect government networks from cyber threats, and proposals to facilitate and encourage sharing of cyber threat information among private sector and government entities. This report also discusses the degree to which federal law may preempt state law. It has been argued that, in order to ensure the continuity of critical infrastructure and the larger economy, a regulatory framework for selected critical infrastructure should be created to require a minimum level of security from cyber threats. On the other hand, others have argued that such regulatory schemes would not improve cybersecurity while increasing the costs to businesses, expose businesses to additional liability if they fail to meet the imposed cybersecurity standards, and increase the risk that proprietary or confidential business information may be inappropriately disclosed. In order to protect federal information networks, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in conjunction with the National Security Agency (NSA), uses a network intrusion system that monitors all federal agency networks for potential attacks. Known as EINSTEIN, this system raises significant privacy implications—a concern acknowledged by DHS, interest groups, academia, and the general public. DHS has developed a set of procedures to address these concerns such as minimization of information collection, training and accountability requirements, and retention rules. Notwithstanding these steps, there are concerns that the program may implicate privacy interests protected under the Fourth Amendment. Although many have argued that there is a need for federal and state governments, and owners and operators of the nation's critical infrastructures, to share information on cyber vulnerabilities and threats, obstacles to information sharing may exist in current laws protecting electronic communications or in antitrust law. Private entities that share information may also be concerned that sharing or receiving such information may lead to increased civil liability, or that shared information may contain proprietary or confidential business information that may be used by competitors or government regulators for unauthorized purposes. Several bills in the 112th Congress would seek to improve the nation's cybersecurity, and may raise some or all of the legal issues mentioned above. For example, H.R. 3523 (Rogers (Mich.)-Ruppersberger) addresses information sharing between the intelligence community and the private sector. H.R. 3674 (Lungren) includes provisions regarding the protection of critical infrastructure, as well as information sharing. H.R. 4257 (Issa-Cummings) would require all federal agencies to continuously monitor their computer networks for malicious activity and would impose additional cybersecurity requirements on all federal agencies. S. 2102 (Feinstein) seeks to facilitate information sharing. S. 2105 (Lieberman) includes the information sharing provisions of S. 2102, as well as provisions relating to the protection of critical infrastructure and federal government networks. S. 2151 (McCain) and H.R. 4263 (Bono-Mack) also addresses information sharing among the private sector and between the private sector and the government. Many of these bills also include provisions specifically addressing the preemption of state laws.

United States Code

Download United States Code PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1464 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis United States Code by : United States

Download or read book United States Code written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy

Download At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309303214
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy by : National Research Council

Download or read book At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We depend on information and information technology (IT) to make many of our day-to-day tasks easier and more convenient. Computers play key roles in transportation, health care, banking, and energy. Businesses use IT for payroll and accounting, inventory and sales, and research and development. Modern military forces use weapons that are increasingly coordinated through computer-based networks. Cybersecurity is vital to protecting all of these functions. Cyberspace is vulnerable to a broad spectrum of hackers, criminals, terrorists, and state actors. Working in cyberspace, these malevolent actors can steal money, intellectual property, or classified information; impersonate law-abiding parties for their own purposes; damage important data; or deny the availability of normally accessible services. Cybersecurity issues arise because of three factors taken together - the presence of malevolent actors in cyberspace, societal reliance on IT for many important functions, and the presence of vulnerabilities in IT systems. What steps can policy makers take to protect our government, businesses, and the public from those would take advantage of system vulnerabilities? At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy offers a wealth of information on practical measures, technical and nontechnical challenges, and potential policy responses. According to this report, cybersecurity is a never-ending battle; threats will evolve as adversaries adopt new tools and techniques to compromise security. Cybersecurity is therefore an ongoing process that needs to evolve as new threats are identified. At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy is a call for action to make cybersecurity a public safety priority. For a number of years, the cybersecurity issue has received increasing public attention; however, most policy focus has been on the short-term costs of improving systems. In its explanation of the fundamentals of cybersecurity and the discussion of potential policy responses, this book will be a resource for policy makers, cybersecurity and IT professionals, and anyone who wants to understand threats to cyberspace.

Cybersecurity Law

Download Cybersecurity Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119822173
Total Pages : 885 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cybersecurity Law by : Jeff Kosseff

Download or read book Cybersecurity Law written by Jeff Kosseff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CYBERSECURITY LAW Learn to protect your clients with this definitive guide to cybersecurity law in this fully-updated third edition Cybersecurity is an essential facet of modern society, and as a result, the application of security measures that ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data is crucial. Cybersecurity can be used to protect assets of all kinds, including data, desktops, servers, buildings, and most importantly, humans. Understanding the ins and outs of the legal rules governing this important field is vital for any lawyer or other professionals looking to protect these interests. The thoroughly revised and updated Cybersecurity Law offers an authoritative guide to the key statutes, regulations, and court rulings that pertain to cybersecurity, reflecting the latest legal developments on the subject. This comprehensive text deals with all aspects of cybersecurity law, from data security and enforcement actions to anti-hacking laws, from surveillance and privacy laws to national and international cybersecurity law. New material in this latest edition includes many expanded sections, such as the addition of more recent FTC data security consent decrees, including Zoom, SkyMed, and InfoTrax. Readers of the third edition of Cybersecurity Law will also find: An all-new chapter focused on laws related to ransomware and the latest attacks that compromise the availability of data and systems New and updated sections on new data security laws in New York and Alabama, President Biden’s cybersecurity executive order, the Supreme Court’s first opinion interpreting the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, American Bar Association guidance on law firm cybersecurity, Internet of Things cybersecurity laws and guidance, the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification, the NIST Privacy Framework, and more New cases that feature the latest findings in the constantly evolving cybersecurity law space An article by the author of this textbook, assessing the major gaps in U.S. cybersecurity law A companion website for instructors that features expanded case studies, discussion questions by chapter, and exam questions by chapter Cybersecurity Law is an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate level courses in cybersecurity, cyber operations, management-oriented information technology (IT), and computer science. It is also a useful reference for IT professionals, government personnel, business managers, auditors, cybersecurity insurance agents, and academics in these fields, as well as academic and corporate libraries that support these professions.

Cybersecurity in Poland

Download Cybersecurity in Poland PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030785513
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cybersecurity in Poland by : Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz

Download or read book Cybersecurity in Poland written by Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book explores the legal aspects of cybersecurity in Poland. The authors are not limited to the framework created by the NCSA (National Cybersecurity System Act - this act was the first attempt to create a legal regulation of cybersecurity and, in addition, has implemented the provisions of the NIS Directive) but may discuss a number of other issues. The book presents international and EU regulations in the field of cybersecurity and issues pertinent to combating cybercrime and cyberterrorism. Moreover, regulations concerning cybercrime in a few select European countries are presented in addition to the problem of collision of state actions in ensuring cybersecurity and human rights. The advantages of the book include a comprehensive and synthetic approach to the issues related to the cybersecurity system of the Republic of Poland, a research perspective that takes as the basic level of analysis issues related to the security of the state and citizens, and the analysis of additional issues related to cybersecurity, such as cybercrime, cyberterrorism, and the problem of collision between states ensuring security cybernetics and human rights. The book targets a wide range of readers, especially scientists and researchers, members of legislative bodies, practitioners (especially judges, prosecutors, lawyers, law enforcement officials), experts in the field of IT security, and officials of public authorities. Most authors are scholars and researchers at the War Studies University in Warsaw. Some of them work at the Academic Centre for Cybersecurity Policy - a thinktank created by the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Poland. .

Effective Model-Based Systems Engineering

Download Effective Model-Based Systems Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319956698
Total Pages : 779 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Effective Model-Based Systems Engineering by : John M. Borky

Download or read book Effective Model-Based Systems Engineering written by John M. Borky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-08 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents a proven, mature Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology that has delivered success in a wide range of system and enterprise programs. The authors introduce MBSE as the state of the practice in the vital Systems Engineering discipline that manages complexity and integrates technologies and design approaches to achieve effective, affordable, and balanced system solutions to the needs of a customer organization and its personnel. The book begins with a summary of the background and nature of MBSE. It summarizes the theory behind Object-Oriented Design applied to complex system architectures. It then walks through the phases of the MBSE methodology, using system examples to illustrate key points. Subsequent chapters broaden the application of MBSE in Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA), real-time systems, cybersecurity, networked enterprises, system simulations, and prototyping. The vital subject of system and architecture governance completes the discussion. The book features exercises at the end of each chapter intended to help readers/students focus on key points, as well as extensive appendices that furnish additional detail in particular areas. The self-contained text is ideal for students in a range of courses in systems architecture and MBSE as well as for practitioners seeking a highly practical presentation of MBSE principles and techniques.

Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks

Download Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309160359
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks by : National Research Council

Download or read book Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-30 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world of increasing dependence on information technology, the prevention of cyberattacks on a nation's important computer and communications systems and networks is a problem that looms large. Given the demonstrated limitations of passive cybersecurity defense measures, it is natural to consider the possibility that deterrence might play a useful role in preventing cyberattacks against the United States and its vital interests. At the request of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the National Research Council undertook a two-phase project aimed to foster a broad, multidisciplinary examination of strategies for deterring cyberattacks on the United States and of the possible utility of these strategies for the U.S. government. The first phase produced a letter report providing basic information needed to understand the nature of the problem and to articulate important questions that can drive research regarding ways of more effectively preventing, discouraging, and inhibiting hostile activity against important U.S. information systems and networks. The second phase of the project entailed selecting appropriate experts to write papers on questions raised in the letter report. A number of experts, identified by the committee, were commissioned to write these papers under contract with the National Academy of Sciences. Commissioned papers were discussed at a public workshop held June 10-11, 2010, in Washington, D.C., and authors revised their papers after the workshop. Although the authors were selected and the papers reviewed and discussed by the committee, the individually authored papers do not reflect consensus views of the committee, and the reader should view these papers as offering points of departure that can stimulate further work on the topics discussed. The papers presented in this volume are published essentially as received from the authors, with some proofreading corrections made as limited time allowed.

Foreign Affairs Federalism

Download Foreign Affairs Federalism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199355908
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Foreign Affairs Federalism by : Michael J. Glennon

Download or read book Foreign Affairs Federalism written by Michael J. Glennon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging the myth that the federal government exercises exclusive control over U.S. foreign-policymaking, Michael J. Glennon and Robert D. Sloane propose that we recognize the prominent role that states and cities now play in that realm. Foreign Affairs Federalism provides the first comprehensive study of the constitutional law and practice of federalism in the conduct of U.S. foreign relations. It could hardly be timelier. States and cities recently have limited greenhouse gas emissions, declared nuclear free zones and sanctuaries for undocumented immigrants, established thousands of sister-city relationships, set up informal diplomatic offices abroad, and sanctioned oppressive foreign governments. Exploring the implications of these and other initiatives, this book argues that the national interest cannot be advanced internationally by Washington alone. Glennon and Sloane examine in detail the considerable foreign affairs powers retained by the states under the Constitution and question the need for Congress or the president to step in to provide "one voice" in foreign affairs. They present concrete, realistic ways that the courts can update antiquated federalism precepts and untangle interwoven strands of international law, federal law, and state law. The result is a lucid, incisive, and up-to-date analysis of the rules that empower-and limit-states and cities abroad.

Occupational Outlook Handbook

Download Occupational Outlook Handbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Occupational Outlook Handbook by : United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Download or read book Occupational Outlook Handbook written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cybercrime

Download Cybercrime PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437944981
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cybercrime by : Charles Doyle

Download or read book Cybercrime written by Charles Doyle and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal computer fraud and abuse statute, 18 U.S.C. 1030, outlaws conduct that victimizes computer systems. It is a cyber security law which protects federal computers, bank computers, and computers connected to the Internet. It shields them from trespassing, threats, damage, espionage, and from being corruptly used as instruments of fraud. It is not a comprehensive provision, but instead it fills cracks and gaps in the protection afforded by other federal criminal laws. This report provides a brief sketch of Section 1030 and some of its federal statutory companions, including the amendments found in the Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act, P.L. 110-326. Extensive appendices. This is a print on demand publication.

Beyond Cybersecurity

Download Beyond Cybersecurity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119026903
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beyond Cybersecurity by : James M. Kaplan

Download or read book Beyond Cybersecurity written by James M. Kaplan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Move beyond cybersecurity to take protection of your digital business to the next level Beyond Cybersecurity: Protecting Your Digital Business arms your company against devastating online security breaches by providing you with the information and guidance you need to avoid catastrophic data compromise. Based upon highly-regarded risk assessment analysis, this critical text is founded upon proprietary research, client experience, and interviews with over 200 executives, regulators, and security experts, offering you a well-rounded, thoroughly researched resource that presents its findings in an organized, approachable style. Members of the global economy have spent years and tens of billions of dollars fighting cyber threats—but attacks remain an immense concern in the world of online business. The threat of data compromise that can lead to the leak of important financial and personal details can make consumers suspicious of the digital economy, and cause a nosedive in their trust and confidence in online business models. Understand the critical issue of cyber-attacks, and how they are both a social and a business issue that could slow the pace of innovation while wreaking financial havoc Consider how step-change capability improvements can create more resilient organizations Discuss how increased collaboration within the cybersecurity industry could improve alignment on a broad range of policy issues Explore how the active engagement of top-level business and public leaders can achieve progress toward cyber-resiliency Beyond Cybersecurity: Protecting Your Digital Business is an essential resource for business leaders who want to protect their organizations against cyber-attacks.

Cyber War

Download Cyber War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0061992399
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (619 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cyber War by : Richard A. Clarke

Download or read book Cyber War written by Richard A. Clarke and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2010-04-02 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential, eye-opening book about cyberterrorism, cyber war, and the next great threat to our national security. “Cyber War may be the most important book about national security policy in the last several years.” –Slate Former presidential advisor and counter-terrorism expert Richard A. Clarke sounds a timely and chilling warning about America’s vulnerability in a terrifying new international conflict. Cyber War is a powerful book about technology, government, and military strategy; about criminals, spies, soldiers, and hackers. It explains clearly and convincingly what cyber war is, and how vulnerable we are as a nation and as individuals to the vast and looming web of cyber criminals. Every concerned American should read this startling and explosive book that offers an insider’s view of White House ‘Situation Room’ operations and carries the reader to the frontlines of our cyber defense. Cyber War exposes a virulent threat to our nation’s security.

Zero Trust Networks

Download Zero Trust Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 149196216X
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (919 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Zero Trust Networks by : Evan Gilman

Download or read book Zero Trust Networks written by Evan Gilman and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perimeter defenses guarding your network perhaps are not as secure as you think. Hosts behind the firewall have no defenses of their own, so when a host in the "trusted" zone is breached, access to your data center is not far behind. That’s an all-too-familiar scenario today. With this practical book, you’ll learn the principles behind zero trust architecture, along with details necessary to implement it. The Zero Trust Model treats all hosts as if they’re internet-facing, and considers the entire network to be compromised and hostile. By taking this approach, you’ll focus on building strong authentication, authorization, and encryption throughout, while providing compartmentalized access and better operational agility. Understand how perimeter-based defenses have evolved to become the broken model we use today Explore two case studies of zero trust in production networks on the client side (Google) and on the server side (PagerDuty) Get example configuration for open source tools that you can use to build a zero trust network Learn how to migrate from a perimeter-based network to a zero trust network in production

Decrypting the Encryption Debate

Download Decrypting the Encryption Debate PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309471532
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Decrypting the Encryption Debate by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Decrypting the Encryption Debate written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encryption protects information stored on smartphones, laptops, and other devices - in some cases by default. Encrypted communications are provided by widely used computing devices and services - such as smartphones, laptops, and messaging applications - that are used by hundreds of millions of users. Individuals, organizations, and governments rely on encryption to counter threats from a wide range of actors, including unsophisticated and sophisticated criminals, foreign intelligence agencies, and repressive governments. Encryption on its own does not solve the challenge of providing effective security for data and systems, but it is an important tool. At the same time, encryption is relied on by criminals to avoid investigation and prosecution, including criminals who may unknowingly benefit from default settings as well as those who deliberately use encryption. Thus, encryption complicates law enforcement and intelligence investigations. When communications are encrypted "end-to-end," intercepted messages cannot be understood. When a smartphone is locked and encrypted, the contents cannot be read if the phone is seized by investigators. Decrypting the Encryption Debate reviews how encryption is used, including its applications to cybersecurity; its role in protecting privacy and civil liberties; the needs of law enforcement and the intelligence community for information; technical and policy options for accessing plaintext; and the international landscape. This book describes the context in which decisions about providing authorized government agencies access to the plaintext version of encrypted information would be made and identifies and characterizes possible mechanisms and alternative means of obtaining information.