Propositional And Doxastic Justification

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Propositional and Doxastic Justification

Author : Paul Silva Jr.
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000568857
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Propositional and Doxastic Justification by : Paul Silva Jr.

Download or read book Propositional and Doxastic Justification written by Paul Silva Jr. and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume features original essays that advance debates on propositional and doxastic justification and explore how these debates shape and are shaped by a range of established and emerging topics in contemporary epistemology. This is the first book-length project devoted to the distinction between propositional and doxastic justification. Notably, the contributors cover the relationship between propositional and doxastic justification and group belief, credence, commitment, suspension, faith, and hope. They also consider state-of-the-art work on knowledge-first approaches to justification, hinge-epistemology, moral and practical reasons for belief, epistemic normativity, and applications of formal epistemology to traditional epistemological disputes. Finally, the contributors promise to reinvigorate old epistemological debates on coherentism, externalism, internalism, and phenomenal conservatism. Propositional and Doxastic Justification will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in epistemology, metaethics, and normativity.

Reasons for Belief

Author : Andrew Reisner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139503049
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons for Belief by : Andrew Reisner

Download or read book Reasons for Belief written by Andrew Reisner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophers have long been concerned about what we know and how we know it. Increasingly, however, a related question has gained prominence in philosophical discussion: what should we believe and why? This volume brings together twelve new essays that address different aspects of this question. The essays examine foundational questions about reasons for belief, and use new research on reasons for belief to address traditional epistemological concerns such as knowledge, justification and perceptually acquired beliefs. This book will be of interest to philosophers working on epistemology, theoretical reason, rationality, perception and ethics. It will also be of interest to cognitive scientists and psychologists who wish to gain deeper insight into normative questions about belief and knowledge.

Seemings and Justification

Author : Chris Tucker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199899509
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Seemings and Justification by : Chris Tucker

Download or read book Seemings and Justification written by Chris Tucker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You believe that there is a book (or a computer screen) in front of you because it seems visually that way. I believe that I ate cereal for breakfast because I seem to remember eating it for breakfast. And we believe that torturing for fun is morally wrong and that 2+2=4 because those claims seem intuitively obvious. In each of these cases, it is natural to think that our beliefs are not only based on a seeming, but also that they are justifiably based on these seemings-at least assuming there is no relevant counterevidence. These considerations have prompted many to endorse some version of dogmatism or phenomenal conservatism. These views hold that, in the absence of defeaters, a seeming that P provides justification to believe P. The main difference is that dogmatism is restricted to some domain, often perception, and phenomenal conservatism is intended to apply to all seemings. Critics worry that such views run into problems with traditional Bayesianism and that they are too permissive, in part because of their implications regarding cognitive penetration. The primary aim of this book is to understand how seemings relate to justification and whether some version of dogmatism or phenomenal conservatism can be sustained. In addition to addressing each of these issues, this volume also addresses a wide range of related topics, including intuitions, the nature of perceptual content, access internalism, and the epistemology of testimony and disagreement.

Supervenience and Normativity

Author : Bartosz Brożek
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319610465
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Supervenience and Normativity by : Bartosz Brożek

Download or read book Supervenience and Normativity written by Bartosz Brożek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present collection represents an attempt to bring together several contributions to the ongoing debate pertaining to supervenience of the normative in law and morals and strives to be the first work that addresses the topic comprehensively. It addresses the controversies surrounding the idea of normative supervenience and the philosophical conceptions they generated, deserve a recapitulation, as well as a new impulse for further development. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the concepts of normativity and supervenience. The research on normativity – a term introduced to the philosophical jargon by Edmund Husserl almost one hundred years ago – gained impetus in the 1990s through the works of such philosophers as Robert Audi, Christine Korsgaard, Robert Brandom, Paul Boghossian or Joseph Raz. The problem of the nature and sources of normativity has been investigated not only in morals and in relation to language, but also in other domains, e.g. in law or in the c ontext of the theories of rationality. Supervenience, understood as a special kind of relation between properties and weaker than entailment, has become analytic philosophers’ favorite formal tool since 1980s. It features in the theories pertaining to mental properties, but also in aesthetics or the law. In recent years, the ‘marriage’ of normativity and supervenience has become an object of many philosophical theories as well as heated debates. It seems that the conceptual apparatus of the supervenience theory makes it possible to state precisely some claims pertaining to normativity, as well as illuminate the problems surrounding it.

Justification As Ignorance

Author : Sven Rosenkranz
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198865635
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Justification As Ignorance by : Sven Rosenkranz

Download or read book Justification As Ignorance written by Sven Rosenkranz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Justification as Ignorance offers an original account of epistemic justification as both non-factive and luminous, vindicating core internalist intuitions without construing justification as an internal condition knowable by reflection alone. Sven Rosenkranz conceives of justification, in its doxastic and propositional varieties, as a kind of epistemic possibility of knowing and of being in a position to know. His account contrasts with recent alternative views that characterize justification in terms of the metaphysical possibility of knowing. Instead, he develops a suitable non-normal multi-modal epistemic logic for knowledge and being in a position to know that respects the finding that these notions create hyperintensional contexts. He also defends his conception of justification against well-known anti-luminosity arguments, shows that the account allows for fruitful applications and principled solutions to the lottery and preface paradoxes, and provides a metaphysics of justification and its varying degrees of strength that is compatible with core assumptions of the knowledge-first approach and disjunctivist conceptions of mental states.

The Dispositional Architecture of Epistemic Reasons

Author : Hamid Vahid
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000179028
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dispositional Architecture of Epistemic Reasons by : Hamid Vahid

Download or read book The Dispositional Architecture of Epistemic Reasons written by Hamid Vahid and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-06 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with the conditions under which epistemic reasons provide justification for beliefs. The author draws on metaethical theories of reasons and normativity and then applies his theory to various contemporary debates in epistemology. In the first part of the book, the author outlines what he calls the dispositional architecture of epistemic reasons. The author offers and defends a dispositional account of how propositional and doxastic justification are related to one another. He then argues that the dispositional view has the resources to provide an acceptable account of the notion of the basing relation. In the second part of the book, the author examines how his theory of epistemic reasons bears on the issues involving perceptual reasons. He defends dogmatism about perceptual justification against conservatism and shows how his dispositional framework illuminates certain claims of dogmatism and its adherence to justification internalism. Finally, the author applies his dispositional framework to epistemological topics including the structure of defeat, self-knowledge, reasoning, emotions and motivational internalism. The Dispositional Architecture of Epistemic Reasons demonstrates the value of employing metaethical considerations for the justification of beliefs and propositions. It will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology and metaethics.

Empirical Justification

Author : P.K. Moser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400945264
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Empirical Justification by : P.K. Moser

Download or read book Empirical Justification written by P.K. Moser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadly speaking, this is a book about truth and the criteria thereof. Thus it is, in a sense, a book about justification and rationality. But it does not purport to be about the notion of justification or the notion of rationality. For the assumption that there is just one notion of justification, or just one notion of rationality, is, as the book explains, very misleading. Justification and rationality come in various kinds. And to that extent, at least, we should recognize a variety of notions of justification and rationality. This, at any rate, is one of the morals of Chapter VI. This book, in Chapters I-V, is mainly concerned with the kind of justification and rationality characteristic of a truth-seeker, specifically a seeker of truth about the world impinging upon the senses: the so-called empirical world. Hence the book's title. But since the prominent contemporary approaches to empirical justification are many and varied, so also are the epistemological issues taken up in the following chapters. For instance, there will be questions about so-called coherence and its role, if any, in empirical justification. And there will be questions about social consensus (whatever it is) and its significance, or the lack thereof, to empirical justification. Furthermore, the perennial question of whether, and if so how, empirical knowledge has so-called founda tions will be given special attention.

Fading Foundations

Author : David Atkinson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331958295X
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Fading Foundations by : David Atkinson

Download or read book Fading Foundations written by David Atkinson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book addresses the age-old problem of infinite regresses in epistemology. How can we ever come to know something if knowing requires having good reasons, and reasons can only be good if they are backed by good reasons in turn? The problem has puzzled philosophers ever since antiquity, giving rise to what is often called Agrippa's Trilemma. The current volume approaches the old problem in a provocative and thoroughly contemporary way. Taking seriously the idea that good reasons are typically probabilistic in character, it develops and defends a new solution that challenges venerable philosophical intuitions and explains why they were mistakenly held. Key to the new solution is the phenomenon of fading foundations, according to which distant reasons are less important than those that are nearby. The phenomenon takes the sting out of Agrippa's Trilemma; moreover, since the theory that describes it is general and abstract, it is readily applicable outside epistemology, notably to debates on infinite regresses in metaphysics. The book is a potential game-changer and a must for any advanced student or researcher in the field.

New Perspectives on Epistemic Closure

Author : Matthew Jope
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000685926
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis New Perspectives on Epistemic Closure by : Matthew Jope

Download or read book New Perspectives on Epistemic Closure written by Matthew Jope and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together new research on the topic of epistemic closure from both leading philosophers and emerging voices in epistemology. It connects epistemic closure principles to related themes in epistemology such as scepticism, dogmatism, evidentialism, epistemic logic, and modal epistemology. Epistemic closure is of central importance to contemporary epistemology, so much so that no epistemology is complete without an answer to the question of where it stands on the issue. The chapters in this book touch on the central themes of closure and transmission and argue for and against different closure and transmission principles. The contributors address issues such as whether knowledge and justification are closed under deductive entailment; whether scepticism can be properly contained by restricting closure principles; whether justification for a set of premises can fail to transmit across inference to a conclusion; Moore’s Paradox; and which theories of knowledge—contextualism, contrastivism, or relevant alternatives epistemology—emerge from denying closure. New Perspectives on Epistemic Closure will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology.

Second Thoughts and the Epistemological Enterprise

Author : Hilary Kornblith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108498515
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Second Thoughts and the Epistemological Enterprise by : Hilary Kornblith

Download or read book Second Thoughts and the Epistemological Enterprise written by Hilary Kornblith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collected essays showing how social psychology illuminates epistemological problems, focusing on issues of self-knowledge and the nature of human reason. The book features specific examples of sceptical problems and also includes two entirely new essays. It will appeal to pyschologists as well philosophers.

The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence

Author : Maria Lasonen-Aarnio
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317373901
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence by : Maria Lasonen-Aarnio

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence written by Maria Lasonen-Aarnio and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What one can know depends on one’s evidence. Good scientific theories are supported by evidence. Our experiences provide us with evidence. Any sort of inquiry involves the seeking of evidence. It is irrational to believe contrary to your evidence. For these reasons and more, evidence is one of the most fundamental notions in the field of epistemology and is emerging as a crucial topic across academic disciplines. The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems, and debates in this exciting subject and is the first major volume of its kind. Comprising forty chapters by an international team of contributors the handbook is divided into six clear parts: The Nature of Evidence Evidence and Probability The Social Epistemology of Evidence Sources of Evidence Evidence and Justification Evidence in the Disciplines The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of science and epistemology, and will also be of interest to those in related disciplines across the humanities and social sciences, such as law, religion, and history.

Rationality and Epistemic Sophistication

Author : Franz-Peter Griesmaier
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739178075
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality and Epistemic Sophistication by : Franz-Peter Griesmaier

Download or read book Rationality and Epistemic Sophistication written by Franz-Peter Griesmaier and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2015-03-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What factors determine whether a person’s beliefs are epistemically rational? Many traditional accounts contend that those factors lie in the beliefs themselves. For example, a belief can fit with one’s evidence, it can originate in reliable (or otherwise virtuous) processes, or it can cohere with other beliefs (some of which may be self-justifying). In this provocative book, Franz-Peter Griesmaier presents a new picture of epistemic rationality, emphasizing the role of the agent rather than the belief. The rationality of an agent’s beliefs ultimately depends on her epistemic sophistication, which is manifest in the stringency of her standards, in the skill she has in accessing and evaluating evidence, and in the wisdom she displays in choosing contextually appropriate standards. To be epistemically rational means, in this view, that one has discharged one’s epistemic duties by using the contextually proper standards for finding and evaluating the available evidence during the process of belief formation. In the course of defending this view, Griesmaier discusses a wide variety of topics from the perspective of a unifying framework. These topics include the possibility of lucky justification, the importance of error avoidance, the problem of simplicity, various forms of evidentialism, doxastic voluntarism, epistemic deontologism, the question of belief’s aim, contextualism, and the connections between his account and formal models of justification and knowledge, such as epistemic and justification logics.

Illuminating Errors

Author : Rodrigo Borges
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000897613
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Illuminating Errors by : Rodrigo Borges

Download or read book Illuminating Errors written by Rodrigo Borges and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-20 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first collection of essays exclusively devoted to knowledge from non-knowledge and related issues. It features original contributions from some of the most prominent and up-and-coming scholars working in contemporary epistemology. There is a nascent literature in epistemology about the possibility of inferential knowledge based on premises that are, for one reason or another, not known. The essays in this book explore if and how epistemology can accommodate cases where knowledge is generated from something other than knowledge. Can reasoning from false beliefs generate knowledge? Can reasoning from unjustified beliefs generate knowledge? Can reasoning from gettiered beliefs generate knowledge? Can reasoning from propositions one does not even believe generate knowledge? The contributors to this book tackle these and other questions head-on. Together, they advance the debate about knowledge from non-knowledge in novel and interesting directions. Illuminating Errors will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in epistemology and philosophy of mind.

Intuition as Conscious Experience

Author : Ole Koksvik
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351809962
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Intuition as Conscious Experience by : Ole Koksvik

Download or read book Intuition as Conscious Experience written by Ole Koksvik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-29 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is torturing the innocent OK? Just now something happened: it seemed to you that torturing the innocent is wrong. What kind of mental state were you in? What is its nature? Perhaps you now believe that torturing the innocent is wrong because it just seemed to you that it is. If so, that seems appropriate. But is it really, and if so, what could explain this? In this book, Koksvik argues these mental states form a psychological kind called ‘intuition’, and that having an intuition indeed justifies you in believing what it says. What explains this, he argues, is how similar intuition is to perception. Through a detailed examination he shows that intuition, just like perception, is a conscious experience, and that the two experience types have important properties in common, in virtue of which they can both justify belief. In sharp contrast to traditional thought, Koksvik argues that intuition is completely unrestricted in content: we have intuitions about morality and metaphysics, but also about all sorts of everyday things, like danger or trustworthiness, and in all cases they can justify. The use of intuition is thus not only a legitimate part of philosophical and scientific practice, it also plays a pervasive, important and legitimate role in all of our everyday rational lives.

Well-Founded Belief

Author : J. Adam Carter
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351382438
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Well-Founded Belief by : J. Adam Carter

Download or read book Well-Founded Belief written by J. Adam Carter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epistemological theories of knowledge and justification draw a crucial distinction between one’s simply having good reasons for some belief and one’s actually basing one’s belief on good reasons. While the most natural kind of account of basing is causal in nature—a belief is based on a reason if and only if the belief is properly caused by the reason—there is hardly any widely accepted, counterexample-free account of the basing relation among contemporary epistemologists. Further inquiry into the nature of the basing relation is therefore of paramount importance for epistemology. Without an acceptable account of the basing relation, epistemological theories remain both crucially incomplete and vulnerable to errors that can arise when authors assume an implausible view of what it takes for beliefs to be held on the basis of reasons. Well-Founded Belief brings together 16 essays written by leading epistemologists to explore this important topic in greater detail. The chapters in this collection are divided into two broad categories: (i) the nature of the basing relation; and (ii) basing and its applications. The chapters in the first section are concerned, principally, with positively characterizing the epistemic basing relation and criticizing extant accounts of it, including extant accounts of the relationship between epistemic basing and propositional and doxastic justification. The latter chapters connect epistemic basing with other topics of interest in epistemology as well as ethics, including: epistemic disjunctivism, epistemic injustice, agency, epistemic conservativism, epistemic grounding, epistemic genealogy, practical reasoning, and practical knowledge.

Epistemic Dilemmas

Author : Kevin McCain
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000468518
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemic Dilemmas by : Kevin McCain

Download or read book Epistemic Dilemmas written by Kevin McCain and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features original essays by leading epistemologists that address questions related to epistemic dilemmas from a variety of new, sometimes unexpected, angles. It seems plausible that there can be "no win" moral situations in which no matter what one does one fails some moral obligation. Is there an epistemic analog to moral dilemmas? Are there epistemically dilemmic situations—situations in which we are doomed to violate an epistemic requirement? If there are, when exactly do they arise and what can we learn from them? The contributors to this volume cover a wide variety of positions on epistemic dilemmas. The coverage ranges from discussions of the nature of epistemic dilemmas to arguments that there are no such things to suggestions for how to resolve (or at least live with) epistemic dilemmas to proposals for how thinking about epistemic dilemmas can be used to inform theorizing in other areas of epistemology. Epistemic Dilemmas will be of interest to scholars and advanced students in epistemology working on the nature of justification and evidential support, higher-order requirements, or suspension of judgment.

EPISTEMIC ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS PHMS C

Author : Declan Smithies
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190948531
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis EPISTEMIC ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS PHMS C by : Declan Smithies

Download or read book EPISTEMIC ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS PHMS C written by Declan Smithies and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the role of consciousness in our mental lives? Declan Smithies argues here that consciousness is essential to explaining how we can acquire knowledge and justified belief about ourselves and the world around us. On this view, unconscious beings cannot form justified beliefs and so they cannot know anything at all. Consciousness is the ultimate basis of all knowledge and epistemic justification. Smithies builds a sustained argument for the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness which draws on a range of considerations in epistemology and the philosophy of mind. His position combines two key claims. The first is phenomenal mentalism, which says that epistemic justification is determined by the phenomenally individuated facts about your mental states. The second is accessibilism, which says that epistemic justification is luminously accessible in the sense that you're always in a position to know which beliefs you have epistemic justification to hold. Smithies integrates these two claims into a unified theory of epistemic justification, which he calls phenomenal accessibilism. The book is divided into two parts, which converge on this theory of epistemic justification from opposite directions. Part 1 argues from the bottom up by drawing on considerations in the philosophy of mind about the role of consciousness in mental representation, perception, cognition, and introspection. Part 2 argues from the top down by arguing from general principles in epistemology about the nature of epistemic justification. These mutually reinforcing arguments form the basis for a unified theory of the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness, one that bridges the gap between epistemology and philosophy of mind.