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Proof Of Concept Assessment Of A Photofission Based Interrogation System For The Detection Of Shielded Nuclear Material
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Book Synopsis Proof-of-Concept Assessment of a Photofission-Based Interrogation System for the Detection of Shielded Nuclear Material by :
Download or read book Proof-of-Concept Assessment of a Photofission-Based Interrogation System for the Detection of Shielded Nuclear Material written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A photonuclear interrogation method was experimentally assessed for the detection of shielded nuclear materials. Proof-of-Concept assessment was performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) TA-18 facility and used the INEEL VARITRON electron accelerator. Experiments were performed to assess and characterize the delayed neutron emission responses for different nuclear materials with various shield configurations using three ''nominal'' electron beam energies; 8-, 10-, and 11-MeV. With the exception of highly enriched uranium (HEU), the nuclear materials assessed represent material types commonly encountered in commerce. The specific nuclear materials studied include a solid 4.8-kg HEU sphere, a 5-kg multiple-object, depleted uranium (DU) [uranium with about 0.2% enrichment with U-235] target, and two 11-kg thorium disks. The shield materials selected include polyethylene, borated-polyethylene, and lead. Experimental results, supported with numerical predictions, have shown that the photonuclear interrogation technique is quite capable of detecting shielded nuclear material via the direct measurement of the photofission-induced delayed neutron emissions. To identify or discriminate between nuclear material types (i.e., depleted uranium, HEU, and thorium), a ratio of delayed neutron counts at two different beam energies is utilized. This latter method, referred to as the dual-beam energy ratio Figure-of-Merit, allows one to differentiate among the three nuclear material types.
Book Synopsis Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security by : Igor Jovanovic
Download or read book Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security written by Igor Jovanovic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the state-of-the-art in active interrogation, widely recognized as indispensable methods for addressing current and future nuclear security needs. Written by a leading group of science and technology experts, this comprehensive reference presents technologies and systems in the context of the fundamental physics challenges and practical requirements. It compares the features, limitations, technologies, and impact of passive and active measurement techniques; describes radiation sources for active interrogation including electron and ion accelerators, intense lasers, and radioisotope-based sources; and it describes radiation detectors used for active interrogation. Entire chapters are devoted to data acquisition and processing systems, modeling and simulation, data interpretation and algorithms, and a survey of working active measurement systems. Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security is structured to appeal to a range of audiences, including graduate students, active researchers in the field, and policy analysts. The first book devoted entirely to active interrogation Presents a focused review of the relevant physics Surveys available technology Analyzes scientific and technology trends Provides historical and policy context Igor Jovanovic is a Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences at the University of Michigan and has previously also taught at Penn State University and Purdue University. He received his Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley and worked as physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Jovanovic has made numerous contributions to the science and technology of radiation detection, as well as the radiation sources for use in active interrogation in nuclear security. He has taught numerous undergraduate and graduate courses in areas that include radiation detection, nuclear physics, and nuclear security. At University of Michigan Dr. Jovanovic is the director of Neutron Science Laboratory and is also associated with the Center for Ultrafast Optical Science. Anna Erickson is an Assistant Professor in the Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program of the G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. Previously, she was a postdoctoral researcher in the Advanced Detectors Group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Erickson received her PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a focus on radiation detection for active interrogation applications. Her research interests focus on nuclear non-proliferation including antineutrino analysis and non-traditional detector design and characterization. She teaches courses in advanced experimental detection for reactor and nuclear nonproliferation applications, radiation dosimetry and fast reactor analysis.
Book Synopsis On Nuclear Terrorism by : Michael Levi
Download or read book On Nuclear Terrorism written by Michael Levi and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nuclear terrorism is such a disturbing prospect that we shy away from its details. Yet as a consequence, we fail to understand how best to defeat it. Michael Levi takes us inside nuclear terrorism and behind the decisions a terrorist leader would be faced with in pursuing a nuclear plot. Along the way, Levi identifies the many obstacles, large and small, that such a terrorist scheme might encounter, allowing him to discover a host of ways that any plan might be foiled. Surveying the broad universe of plots and defenses, this accessible account shows how a wide-ranging defense that integrates the tools of weapon and materials security, law enforcement, intelligence, border controls, diplomacy, and the military can multiply, intensify, and compound the possibility that nuclear terrorists will fail. Levi draws from our long experience with terrorism and cautions us not to focus solely on the most harrowing yet most improbable threats. Nuclear terrorism shares much in common with other terrorist threats--and as a result, he argues, defeating it is impossible unless we put our entire counterterrorism and homeland security house in order. As long as we live in a nuclear age, no defense can completely eliminate nuclear terrorism. But this book reminds us that the right strategy can minimize the risks and shows us how to do it."
Book Synopsis Photofission-Based, Nuclear Material Detection by :
Download or read book Photofission-Based, Nuclear Material Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and the Advanced Research and Applications Corporation (ARACOR) [Sunnyvale, California] performed a photonuclear technology demonstration for shielded nuclear material detection during August 21-22, 2002, at the LANL TA-18 facility. The demonstration used the Pulsed Photonuclear Assessment Technique (PPAT) that focused on the application of a photofission-based, nuclear material detection method as a viable complement to the ARACOR Eagle inspection platform. The Eagle is a mobile and fully operational truck and cargo inspection system that uses a 6-MeV electron accelerator to perform real-time radiography. This imaging is performed using an approved "radiation-safe" or "cabinet safe" operation relative to the operators, inspectors, and any stowaways within the inspected vehicles. While the PPAT has been primarily developed for active interrogation, its neutron detection system also maintains a complete and effective passive detection capability.
Book Synopsis Enhanced Photofission-based, Coincidence by :
Download or read book Enhanced Photofission-based, Coincidence written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An enhanced active interrogation system has been developed that integrates a transportable Idaho National Laboratory (INL) photonuclear inspection system, using a pulsed bremsstrahlung source and a reconfigurable neutron detection system, with a Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) list-mode data acquisition system. A series of active interrogation experiments have shown enhanced nuclear material detection and identification utilizing pulsed photofission-induced, neutron coincidence/multiplicity counting between pulses of an up-to-10-MeV electron accelerator. This paper describes the integrated inspection system and presents some key shielded and unshielded nuclear material inspection results. The enhanced inspection methodology has applicability to homeland security and possible nuclear weapon dismantlement treaties.
Book Synopsis VII Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications by : Ricardo Alarcon
Download or read book VII Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications written by Ricardo Alarcon and published by American Inst. of Physics. This book was released on 2007-11-09 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings aim to show the vitality and significance of nuclear science. The focus is the promotion of Nuclear Physics and its applications among Latin American laboratories and the international community. This Volume covers six main topics: Applications of Nuclear Physics, QCD in Nuclear Physics, Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos, Nuclear Structure and Reactions, Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics, and Facilities and Instrumentation.
Book Synopsis Active Interrogation Using Photofission Technique for Nuclear Materials Control and Accountability by :
Download or read book Active Interrogation Using Photofission Technique for Nuclear Materials Control and Accountability written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative systems with increased sensitivity and resolution are in great demand to detect diversion and to prevent misuse in support of nuclear materials management for the U.S. fuel cycle. Nuclear fission is the most important multiplicative process involved in non-destructive active interrogation. This process produces the most easily recognizable signature for nuclear materials. In addition to thermal or high-energy neutrons, high-energy gamma rays can also excite a nucleus and cause fission through a process known as photofission. Electron linear accelerators (linac) are widely used as the interrogating photon sources for inspection methods involving photofission technique. After photofission reactions, prompt signals are much stronger than the delayed signals, but it is difficult to quantify them in practical measurements. Delayed signals are easily distinguishable from the interrogating radiation. linac-based, advanced inspection techniques utilizing the delayed signals after photofission have been extensively studied for homeland security applications. Previous research also showed that a unique delayed gamma ray energy spectrum exists for each fissionable isotope.
Book Synopsis An Active Interrogation Technique Based on Photofission for Non-destructive Assay of Used Nuclear Fuel by : Xianfei Wen
Download or read book An Active Interrogation Technique Based on Photofission for Non-destructive Assay of Used Nuclear Fuel written by Xianfei Wen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-energy delayed [gamma]-rays from photofission were demonstrated to be signatures for detection and identification of special nuclear materials. Such [gamma]-rays were measured in between linac pulses using independent data acquisition systems. A list-mode system was developed to measure low-energy delayed [gamma]-rays after irradiation. Photofission product yields of 238U and 239Pu were determined based on the measured delayed [gamma]-ray spectra. The differential yields of delayed [gamma]-rays were also proven to be able to discriminate nuclear and non-nuclear materials. The measurement outcomes were compared with Monte Carlo simulation results. It was demonstrated that the current available code has capabilities and limitations in the simulation of photofission process. A two-fold approach was used to address the high-rate challenge in used nuclear fuel assay based on photofission technique. First, a standard HPGe preamplifier was modified to improve its capabilities in high-rate pulsed photofission environment. Second, advanced pulse processing algorithms including template-matching and de-randomization methods were shown to greatly improve throughput rate without large sacrifice in energy resolution at ultra-high input count rate.
Book Synopsis Pulsed Photofission Delayed Gamma Ray Detection for Nuclear Material Identification by :
Download or read book Pulsed Photofission Delayed Gamma Ray Detection for Nuclear Material Identification written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative systems with increased sensitivity and resolution are in great demand to detect diversion and to prevent misuse in support of nuclear materials management for the U.S. fuel cycle. Nuclear fission is the most important multiplicative process involved in non-destructive active interrogation. This process produces the most easily recognizable signature for nuclear materials. High-energy gamma rays can also excite a nucleus and cause fission through a process known as photofission. After photofission reactions, delayed signals are easily distinguishable from the interrogating radiation. Linac-based, advanced inspection techniques utilizing the fission signals after photofission have been extensively studied for homeland security applications. Previous research also showed that a unique delayed gamma ray energy spectrum exists for each fissionable isotope. Isotopic composition measurement methods based on delayed gamma ray spectroscopy will be the primary focus of this work.
Book Synopsis An Illicit Nuclear Material Detection System Based on Photoneutron and Photofission Interaction by : Michael P. Shannon
Download or read book An Illicit Nuclear Material Detection System Based on Photoneutron and Photofission Interaction written by Michael P. Shannon and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Incorporation of Photon Analysis Into an Active Interrogation System for Shielded Uranium Characterization by : Bonnie Elise Canion
Download or read book Incorporation of Photon Analysis Into an Active Interrogation System for Shielded Uranium Characterization written by Bonnie Elise Canion and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this project I explored the ability of induced photon and neutron signatures from an associated particle imaging deuterium tritium (API-DT) neutron generator detection system to assess the enrichment of shielded uranium. Fast electronics and the associated particle technique, which provide the timing and directional information of the source 14 MeV neutron, allow for a correlated time window of tens of nanoseconds, thus enabling extraction of clear prompt fission signatures from the inspected object. This project contains three distinct investigations that involve relating API-DT neutron generator induced signatures to uranium enrichment. (1) Explore the correlated neutron and photon detection rates, separated by time-of-flight, and investigate the use of a 3-D radiation transport Monte Carlo code to predict enrichment, based on these signatures, (2) Examine the same correlated detection rates, but use a simple point kinetics technique to relate signatures to enrichment, and (3) Exploit the prompt photon energy spectrum to determine if fission neutrons activate shielding material to provide a signature that can be related to uranium enrichment. Throughout these three studies, I investigated the time, number, and energy distribution of these prompt photon signatures, which enabled me to draw conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of these signatures for shielded uranium characterization.
Book Synopsis A Generalized Method for Rapid Analysis of Active Interrogation Systems for Detection of Special Nuclear Material by : Hirotatsu Armstrong
Download or read book A Generalized Method for Rapid Analysis of Active Interrogation Systems for Detection of Special Nuclear Material written by Hirotatsu Armstrong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of special nuclear material (SNM) being smuggled into the US through ports of entry has been identified as a crucial capability for ensuring the safety and security of the US from radiological threats. Programs such as the NNSA's Second Line of Defense aim to deploy detection systems, both domestically and abroad, in an attempt to interdict the SNM before it reaches its destination. Active interrogation (AI) is a technique that relies on the detection of emitted particles which are produced when SNM is bombarded with a source of high energy photons or neutrons. This work presents a general framework that allows for fast radiation transport modeling of AI scenarios by generating families of response functions which depict neutron, gamma, or electron radiation exiting various regions within the problem, per unit source of radiation entering the region. The solution for a given scenario, typically the detector count rate, is computed by injecting a source term into the first region and applying the appropriate response functions, in sequence, for each subsequent region. For the AI systems modeled in this work, the source is an electron beam in a linear accelerator. Subsequent response functions create and transport bremsstrahlung photons into the SNM, and transport neutrons born in the problem to a detector. The computed solution is comparable to that of a full Monte Carlo simulation, but is assembled in orders of magnitude less time from pre-computed response function libraries. The ability to rapidly compute detector spectra for complicated AI scenarios opens up research and analysis possibilities not previously possible, including conducting parametric studies of scenarios spanning a large portion of the threat space and generating detector spectra used for conditioning and testing of alarm algorithms.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1971-04 with total page 1658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photoneutron Sources by : B. W. Sargent
Download or read book Photoneutron Sources written by B. W. Sargent and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 14 MeV Neutrons by : Vladivoj Valkovic
Download or read book 14 MeV Neutrons written by Vladivoj Valkovic and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the often difficult and time-consuming effort of performing experiments with fast (14 MeV) neutrons, these neutrons can offer special insight into nucleus and other materials because of the absence of charge. 14 MeV Neutrons: Physics and Applications explores fast neutrons in basic science and applications to problems in medicine, the envir
Book Synopsis Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-05 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
