Pronunciation Teaching. Common hurdles and their solutions in German-speaking learners of English

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346898776
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (468 download)

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Book Synopsis Pronunciation Teaching. Common hurdles and their solutions in German-speaking learners of English by : Marie Will

Download or read book Pronunciation Teaching. Common hurdles and their solutions in German-speaking learners of English written by Marie Will and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,0, University of Potsdam (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: The Sound Structure of Modern English, language: English, abstract: The objective of this paper is to shed light on the diverse functions and influencing factors of pronunciation in teaching English in German-speaking countries. Drawing upon the works of experts like Holger Schmitt and Yoshida, we delve into the functions of pronunciation that include not just ensuring communication and averting negative stereotypes, but also approaching native-like pronunciation as an art form. Moreover, we discuss the wide array of factors that can impact pronunciation. These encompass the learner's first language, their motivation, personality, and aptitude, the methods and quality of instruction, and exposure to the target language. Biological factors such as age and sex may also play a role, although these are still under debate.

Teaching English Pronunciation

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Publisher : Universitatsverlag Winter
ISBN 13 : 9783825365936
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (659 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching English Pronunciation by : Holger Schmitt

Download or read book Teaching English Pronunciation written by Holger Schmitt and published by Universitatsverlag Winter. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pronunciation teaching has sometimes been referred to as the 'Cinderella of language teaching', implying that, like Cinderella in the folk tale, it has come to be neglected, compared to her 'jealous sisters' lexis, grammar and culture. One reason for this neglect is that many teachers do not feel adequately equipped to teach pronunciation beyond giving a few simple instructions like 'Put your tongue between your teeth to form the th-sound'. This book is an accessible introduction to many of the aspects that are involved in teaching English pronunciation. It starts out with the question of why pronunciation matters in the first place, looks at the models to be aimed at, reviews the factors that influence pronunciation, introduces methods and tools for pronunciation teaching and discusses the most important specific problems that learners of English with a German-language background (be it L1 or L2) have. It comes with a CD that contains a number of samples of German-influenced English for discussion and research.

The Acquisition of Phonetic Details. Difficulties of the English Pronunciation for German Second Language Speakers and Teaching Suggestions

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346533697
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (465 download)

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Book Synopsis The Acquisition of Phonetic Details. Difficulties of the English Pronunciation for German Second Language Speakers and Teaching Suggestions by : Chiara Alina Sachwitz

Download or read book The Acquisition of Phonetic Details. Difficulties of the English Pronunciation for German Second Language Speakers and Teaching Suggestions written by Chiara Alina Sachwitz and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-11-08 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 1,7, , language: English, abstract: Nowadays, it seems perfectly normal to many Germans using English words in daily conversations, however, on the level of pronunciation, it is common to stick to the German sound system. Yet, there are language learners who know about the different phonological patterns of the two languages. To understand the reasons why German second language learners face difficulties pronouncing English sounds, this term paper focuses on potential areas of concern. English words are placed into the context of the native language and are characterized by its foreign-sounding accent. This accent is defined as a which give information on a person’s social background and indicate. At the same time, pronunciation itself while the pronunciation of individual sounds does not make a difference in meaning in the German language, it can have a distinctive function in the English language. Many language learners, however, are not aware of this contradiction between their first language and the target language and therefore, tend to pronounce English words incorrectly.

Teaching English Pronunciation to L1 Speakers of German at Gymnasium

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640323424
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching English Pronunciation to L1 Speakers of German at Gymnasium by : Michael Burger

Download or read book Teaching English Pronunciation to L1 Speakers of German at Gymnasium written by Michael Burger and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 2,0, University of Augsburg (Phil-Hist Fakultät), course: Teaching and Learning English Pronunciation, language: English, abstract: In the course of the last three decades a whole new prominence has been granted to the significance of foreign language (FL) learning. Due to the recent development of globalization, further emerging of multi-national enterprises and the coalescence of the European Union, this appears to be the logical consequence. Because of its nowadays widely accepted status as a lingua franca (Acar 2006) the learning and teaching of English as the most frequently spoken second language has gained importance – in Germany as well as in most industrialized countries speaking prevalently another first language (L1). In the recent past, since the end of the 19th century, changing trends have focused on different methods of language teaching, such as the ability to translate texts, correct use of grammar, or wide range of vocabulary. However, the teaching of English pronunciation finally has come back into the focus of interest since the second half of the 1980s due to the mentioned economic and social changes. Nowadays the ability to (net-) work internationally – and thus reach the “ultimate goal of communication with other speakers of the second language” (Brown 1994: 226) seems to be one of the highest goals of achievement of second language (L2) learning. During the time of almost one century of pronunciation teaching the attitude towards the issue has changed as well: as Chun (1991: 179) states in her article, the development started from a segmental and comparative sound repetition learning strategy, followed by a period of simply ignoring the topic completely from the 1960s to the early 1980s, leading finally to the up-to-date approach of teaching suprasegmentals, sentence intonation as well as other aspects of connected speech. The most current approach towards second language teaching lies, according to Neri, Cucchiarini and Strik (2006: 357), in “the achievement of communicative effectiveness”. This means that learners do not necessarily have to eradicate the slightest traces of foreign accent in their productions of L2 speech but are trained to avoid serious pronunciation errors.

Unusual pronunciation errors of English Department students. What are reasons and solutions?

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668938059
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (689 download)

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Book Synopsis Unusual pronunciation errors of English Department students. What are reasons and solutions? by : Abdalkareem A. Benmustafa

Download or read book Unusual pronunciation errors of English Department students. What are reasons and solutions? written by Abdalkareem A. Benmustafa and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject English - Pedagogy, Didactics, Literature Studies, , course: Phonetics, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the background fundamental of the errors, and the studies conducted in the field of error analysis and to explore the pronunciation errors which made by the third semester students of Languages and Translation Faculty, at Misrata in terms of consonants, vowels, and diphthongs and find out the reason of the students pronouncing the words in such a way. It also tries to help teachers and learners of English as a foreign language, to know about the most common errors made by the learners of English as a foreign language, and some very important issues of understanding the importance of correcting error in the process of acquiring a second language. The paper also deals with the number of errors that must be corrected, and at what stages the teacher must correct them and how the teacher can correct the error of the learner without frustration. To achieve these elements the third-semester students of English and Translation department at Languages and Translation Faculty of Misrata University were interviewed, and given a number of English words, to explore their correct, and incorrect pronunciation. Those errors, are analyzed. Data was collected and analyzed with the guidance of phonemic transcription in the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary.

Fluent Forever

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Publisher : Harmony
ISBN 13 : 038534810X
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluent Forever by : Gabriel Wyner

Download or read book Fluent Forever written by Gabriel Wyner and published by Harmony. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BESTSELLER • For anyone who wants to learn a foreign language, this is the method that will finally make the words stick. “A brilliant and thoroughly modern guide to learning new languages.”—Gary Marcus, cognitive psychologist and author of the New York Times bestseller Guitar Zero At thirty years old, Gabriel Wyner speaks six languages fluently. He didn’t learn them in school—who does? Rather, he learned them in the past few years, working on his own and practicing on the subway, using simple techniques and free online resources—and here he wants to show others what he’s discovered. Starting with pronunciation, you’ll learn how to rewire your ears and turn foreign sounds into familiar sounds. You’ll retrain your tongue to produce those sounds accurately, using tricks from opera singers and actors. Next, you’ll begin to tackle words, and connect sounds and spellings to imagery rather than translations, which will enable you to think in a foreign language. And with the help of sophisticated spaced-repetition techniques, you’ll be able to memorize hundreds of words a month in minutes every day. This is brain hacking at its most exciting, taking what we know about neuroscience and linguistics and using it to create the most efficient and enjoyable way to learn a foreign language in the spare minutes of your day.

Bridging The Gap Bewteen L2 Pronunciation Research and Teaching

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Bridging The Gap Bewteen L2 Pronunciation Research and Teaching by : Ines Martin

Download or read book Bridging The Gap Bewteen L2 Pronunciation Research and Teaching written by Ines Martin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication in the target language is the main goal in most second language classrooms. Even though there is considerable evidence that pronunciation plays a crucial role in effective communication (Celce-Murcia et al., 2010), pronunciation training is frequently neglected in the foreign language classroom for reasons such as lack of classroom time or lack of instructor preparedness to teach pronunciation (Derwing, 2013; Grim & Sturm, 2016; Foote et al., 2011). The present dissertation addresses this discrepancy by investigating the effectiveness of a homework-based method of pronunciation instruction for beginner learners that does not require teacher feedback or in-class time and thus allows for pronunciation training to be included in any second language (L2) curriculum. Through this method, called innovative Cued Pronunciation Readings (iCPRs; Martin, 2015, 2017, see also Tanner & Landon, 2009), students receive pronunciation training in the form of Microsoft PowerPoint units that every learner can access from a home or library computer. Thus, this type of pronunciation training can be assigned as homework and students work on it alone. This allows for an implementation of pronunciation training in the curriculum without taking up valuable in-class time or requiring special skills from the instructor. Since pronunciation training via iCPRs can be delivered online, the method lends itself not only to use in face-to-face but also in distance (i.e. online) learning environments. The emergence of online and hybrid courses over the past two decades has presented new challenges as well as opportunities for language instruction. In particular, the development of learners oral proficiency in an online learning environment has been shown to be problematic (Deutschmann et al., 2009). In light of these developments, it is important to consider language instruction not only in traditional face-to-face environments but also in online learning environments. The present dissertation assessed the effectiveness of the iCPR method in on-campus and online learning environments by measuring novice German learners improvement in perception and production skills over the course of one semester. Data collection was conducted with 90 first-semester learners of German. In the face-to-face environment, each of the six sections of first semester German classes was pseudo-randomly assigned the status of treatment, comparison, or control group. Students in the treatment group received ten weeks of pronunciation training delivered through homework-based iCPR units, whereas students in the comparison group received ten weeks of ten minutes in-class pronunciation training delivered by their instructors. Finally, students in the control group followed the same standardized first-semester German lesson plans as the other two groups, but did not receive targeted pronunciation training. Since there is no in-class instruction in the online learning environment, there was no comparison group in this condition. Instead, four sections of online first-semester German classes were divided into two sections that served as a treatment group (i.e., a group that received instruction through iCPR units) and two sections that served as a control group. The study employed a pretest / posttest design: participants pronunciation was recorded in the 2nd and 14th week of the semester. The assessment included a binary-choice perception task and participants oral productions at the word and sentence level. Following standard procedure in pronunciation training research, these speech productions were rated by native German speakers for ease of comprehensibility and strength of accent. The ratings from each group were compared in order to assess the effectiveness of the different types of pronunciation training. For the face-to-face learning environment, results show that the learners in the treatment group, who received homework-based iCPR pronunciation training, significantly outperformed learners in the control group on measures of phonological perception skills, comprehensibility in productions of individual words, and accentedness in productions of individual words. Moreover, results reveal no significant difference between the learners who received homework-based pronunciation training and learners who received in-class pronunciation training. Together, these results suggest that learners benefit from iCPR pronunciation training and that homework-based pronunciation training is as effective in improving learners German perception and production skills as in-class pronunciation training. For the online learning environment, results show that the learners in the treatment group, who received iCPR pronunciation training as part of their online curriculum, significantly outperformed learners in the control group on all measures, that is, in phonological perception skills, in ease of comprehensibility in productions on the word- and paragraph-level, and in a diminished accent in productions on the word-and paragraph-level. These findings suggest that learners in an online environment benefit from iCPR pronunciation training. Taken together, this dissertation shows that effective pronunciation training can be provided outside the classroom via iCPRs, which saves valuable in-class time and opens up possibilities for learners to receive pronunciation instruction even in an online learning environment or if their instructor lacks the preparation to teach this topic. As such, this dissertation suggests a method of pronunciation instruction that addresses the problems that all too often lead to the neglect of pronunciation training in traditional classrooms and in online learning environments.

Pronunciation Difficulties of English Inter-Dental Sounds. The Supporting Methods of Pair Drills and Reinforcement

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346421511
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (464 download)

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Book Synopsis Pronunciation Difficulties of English Inter-Dental Sounds. The Supporting Methods of Pair Drills and Reinforcement by : Emmanuel Appiah Gyasi

Download or read book Pronunciation Difficulties of English Inter-Dental Sounds. The Supporting Methods of Pair Drills and Reinforcement written by Emmanuel Appiah Gyasi and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: B+, University of Education, language: English, abstract: This research work is an educational material that highlights pronunciation; specifically, the pronunciation of English sounds. The research was undertaken for the purposes of improving the pronunciation difficulties of the voiced and voiceless interdentals in English language of the form 2A students of Assemblies of God SHS. As a vital component or aspect of the English language, pronunciation difficulties cuts across all linguistic borders due to one reason or the other and is therefore a major barrier to effective communication. I used the framework of an action research, against the background of carefully selected intervention strategies, the research work was successfully conducted and also yielded good results. It was discovered by the researcher that the difficulty that the form 2A students of Assemblies of God SHS was mainly attributed to the influence of the learners’ first language (L1) and inadequate oral lessons alongside different cultural and societal background. The researcher therefore engaged the students with practical teaching techniques that will helped them do away with their cultural and social markings on pronunciation in English.

Teaching the Pronunciation of English as a Lingua Franca

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0194658856
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching the Pronunciation of English as a Lingua Franca by : Robin Walker

Download or read book Teaching the Pronunciation of English as a Lingua Franca written by Robin Walker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) is one manifestation of the changing role of English in the world today. This book and audio links explore how ELF may be relevant to teaching your students pronunciation. It draws on the Lingua Franca core, a set of pronunciation features that research has found to be essential to intelligibility in ELF communications, and explores how adopting an ELF approach can benefit students. It covers techniques and materials for teaching ELF pronunciation, including planning and assessment and the influence of learners' first language pronunciation. The audio links feature dialogues between ELF speakers from fifteen different first language backgrounds.

The Mistakes Clinic for German-speaking Learners of English

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781871819458
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mistakes Clinic for German-speaking Learners of English by : Geoff Parkes

Download or read book The Mistakes Clinic for German-speaking Learners of English written by Geoff Parkes and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Practical Word Power

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Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 9780595130481
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Practical Word Power by : Richard Cavalier

Download or read book Practical Word Power written by Richard Cavalier and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2000-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Native speaker of English? You can tutor simplified phonetics for ESL (English as a Second Language) with this tutor's script and workbook. It was developed to enable volunteer tutors to give-back to their communities. MASTER ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION QUICKLY! There's an easier way than memorizing and imitating individual words and word lists for months or years in traditional schools! Bonus: Gain complete control of vocabulary development to personal needs. How? Using the tutor text "Practical Word Power" ("PWP"), learners master only 46 dictionary codes that exactly represent the 40 key sounds of English. Codes simplify an otherwise difficult task of endless memorization of new vocabulary in formal school classes. With "PWP," it's only 16 class hours! Only 46 "American Heritage" dictionary codes specify the 40 sounds of English: master them. Forty codes learned via "Practical Word Power" ("PWP") deliver exact pronunciation of all dictionary words. If codes are used in conjunction with the learners' bilingual dictionary, teen/adult learners can immediately speak correctly in English any word that's already known in their own native language. That's lifelong independence! Why does "PWP" work? Most schools teach via memorized, generic word lists, reflecting no teen/adult life well; they teach general rules, but rules can't work specifically for more than 1,100 variant spellings for 40 sounds. Main rule, "'I' before 'E' except after 'C'. . .except. . .except; . . .then guess!" It's easier to be wrong than right. Different publishers' codes vary, but all dictionaries that use codes are specific: every time, every word. "PWP" teaches how to use all codes. You get the foundations you need in order to pronounce words correctly when needed, not if-and-when listed in class. A research report from U-Milan regarding dyslexia challenges language complexity ("Science" March 26, '01; on author's business website). That implicitly questions the century-old Dewey-rules method used in all traditional schools. Dewey didn't have computers and brain scans at hand. Limited-English ability? No-English handicap? "PWP" works with both groups. How does the course work? "PWP" is a verbatim tutor's text/workbook. All needed instructional materials, chalkboard entries, drills, and tests are provided for the tutor. Volunteer tutors can't do it wrong! At root, tutors are only teaching the foreign-born how to sound like Americans. We have all learned from family and friends by imitating their sounds. Those sounds are captured in dictionary codes that tell the eye what the ear expects to hear. Any mix of foreign languages can be taught in a "PWP" class if taught in English, because English is the common denominator. Of course, limited-English learners must already understand basic instruction in English. In addition, speakers of any foreign language can be taught in that language by bilinguals who can read the English and speak that native language. No magic pills: learners must expect to concentrate and be prepared to do light homework in later sessions. Volunteer tutors: Do you already speak American-English? If so, you can tutor up to 10 learners simultaneously in English--in English and/or their own native languages. Communities can give-back at extremely low cost on any schedules that works for the community. If you're either mono-lingual or bilingual, are you willing to devote 16-hours (8 classes; 2-hours each) to control English pronunciation and vocabulary development? Add about 8-10 hours for preparation of the total program, the first time, only. Only 2 class hours plus quick review of the lesson plan, thereafter. "PWP" holds California's Certificate of Compliance--it's legal to teach as supplemental tex

Resources in Education

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Resources in Education by :

Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Second Language Pronunciation

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119801575
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Second Language Pronunciation by : John M. Levis

Download or read book Second Language Pronunciation written by John M. Levis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical resources designed to help language educators apply the latest research and most effective pedagogical methods to classroom pronunciation instruction In Second Language Pronunciation: Bridging the Gap Between Research and Teaching, a team of distinguished researchers and educators delivers an incisive and practical approach to evidence-based pronunciation instruction in second language classrooms. Developed for language teachers who want to incorporate and implement the most effective pedagogical methods in their language instruction, this edited volume offers 15 essays that connect the latest research with practical applications in the classroom. In addition to exploring recent but less well-known methods—like High Variability Phonetic Training, discourse-based teaching, communicative classrooms, and technology-based methods—these chapters are unified in bringing theory to bear on practical questions faced by language teachers. The chapters follow a standard format, moving from critical research issues to pedagogical implications, and practical resources to equip language teachers, scholars, administrators, and teachers-in-training with the tools they require to develop their students’ pronunciation abilities. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to using empirical evidence to guide pronunciation instruction in second language students Comprehensive explorations of the integration of pronunciation instruction into second language education Practical discussions of perception training in pronunciation instruction and the importance of L2 segmental and suprasegmental contrasts in pronunciation learning In-depth examinations of classroom research for pronunciation and the use of technology to explore L2 pronunciation Perfect for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students studying TESOL, applied linguistics, and second language acquisition, Second Language Pronunciation: Bridging the Gap Between Research and Teaching will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers, scholars, and teachers of language and education.

Tapes for Teaching

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Tapes for Teaching by : Pennsylvania. Bureau of Instructional Media Services

Download or read book Tapes for Teaching written by Pennsylvania. Bureau of Instructional Media Services and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transnational Nazism

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108474632
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Transnational Nazism by : Ricky W. Law

Download or read book Transnational Nazism written by Ricky W. Law and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first English-language study of German-Japanese interwar relations to employ sources in both languages.

The Educational Times, and Journal of the College of Preceptors

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 806 pages
Book Rating : 4.R/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Educational Times, and Journal of the College of Preceptors by :

Download or read book The Educational Times, and Journal of the College of Preceptors written by and published by . This book was released on 1861-05 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Teaching Pronunciation

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521406949
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching Pronunciation by : Marianne Celce-Murcia

Download or read book Teaching Pronunciation written by Marianne Celce-Murcia and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-10-13 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This course includes an overview of current theory and practice. The paperback edition offers current and prospective teachers of English a comprehensive treatment of pronunciation pedagogy, drawing on current theory and practice. The text provides an overview of teaching issues from the perspective of different methodologies and second language acquisition research. It has a thorough grounding in the sound system of North American English, and contains insights into how this sound system intersects with listening, morphology, and spelling. It also contains diagnostic tools, assessment measures, and suggestions for syllabus design. Discussion questions encourage readers to draw on their personal language learning/teaching experiences as they assimilate the contents of each chapter. Follow-up exercises guide teachers in developing a range of classroom activities within a communicative framework.