Probabilitys Nature And Natures Probability

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Probability's Nature and Nature's Probability

Author : Donald E. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781439228623
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (286 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability's Nature and Nature's Probability by : Donald E. Johnson

Download or read book Probability's Nature and Nature's Probability written by Donald E. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2009-03-18 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Update of Mar, 2009 original. The author once believed anyone not accepting the "proven" scenarios for chemical and biological evolution that were ingrained during his science education had the same mentality as someone believing in a flat earth. With continued scientific investigation, paying closer attention to actual data (rather than speculative conclusions), he began to doubt the natural explanations that had been so ingrained in a number of key areas including the origin and fine-tuning of mass and energy, the origin of life with its complex functional information, and the increase in functional complexity in living organisms. It was science, and not religion, that caused his disbelief in the explanatory powers of undirected nature using scientific-sounding concepts that in fact have no known scientific basis. Scientific integrity needs to be restored so that ideas that have no methods to test or falsify are not considered part of science. Too often "possible" is used by scientists without considering that "possible" has a scientific definition within the nature of probability. For example, one should not be able to get away with stating "it is possible that life arose from non-life by ..." or "it's possible that a different form of life exists elsewhere in the Universe" without first demonstrating that it is indeed possible (non-zero probability) using known science. This book reviews the many prevalent scenarios that are widely accepted, but need closer examination of their scientific validity. It will also examine the scientific validity of Intelligent Design (ID) as a model that can be empirically detected and examined. For example, the book uses known science (including Shannon, functional, and prescriptive information principles) to prove that it is impossible (zero probability) for life's complex information system, with thousands of interacting computers in each cell, to have an undirected natural source. The usefulness of the ID model for furthering scientific inquiry is also analyzed. One chapter is devoted to exposing fallacies, presuppositions, and beliefs that attempt to prevent acceptance of ID as "science."

Chance in Biology

Author : Mark Denny
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400841402
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance in Biology by : Mark Denny

Download or read book Chance in Biology written by Mark Denny and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-23 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is a chancy proposition: from the movement of molecules to the age at which we die, chance plays a key role in the natural world. Traditionally, biologists have viewed the inevitable "noise" of life as an unfortunate complication. The authors of this book, however, treat random processes as a benefit. In this introduction to chance in biology, Mark Denny and Steven Gaines help readers to apply the probability theory needed to make sense of chance events--using examples from ocean waves to spiderwebs, in fields ranging from molecular mechanics to evolution. Through the application of probability theory, Denny and Gaines make predictions about how plants and animals work in a stochastic universe. Is it possible to pack a variety of ion channels into a cell membrane and have each operate at near-peak flow? Why are our arteries rubbery? The concept of a random walk provides the necessary insight. Is there an absolute upper limit to human life span? Could the sound of a cocktail party burst your eardrums? The statistics of extremes allows us to make the appropriate calculations. How long must you wait to see the detail in a moonlit landscape? Can you hear the noise of individual molecules? The authors provide answers to these and many other questions. After an introduction to the basic statistical methods to be used in this book, the authors emphasize the application of probability theory to biology rather than the details of the theory itself. Readers with an introductory background in calculus will be able to follow the reasoning, and sets of problems, together with their solutions, are offered to reinforce concepts. The use of real-world examples, numerous illustrations, and chapter summaries--all presented with clarity and wit--make for a highly accessible text. By relating the theory of probability to the understanding of form and function in living things, the authors seek to pique the reader's curiosity about statistics and provide a new perspective on the role of chance in biology.

Chance in Biology

Author : Mark W. Denny
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance in Biology by : Mark W. Denny

Download or read book Chance in Biology written by Mark W. Denny and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Natural Introduction to Probability Theory

Author : Ronald Meester
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3034877862
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis A Natural Introduction to Probability Theory by : Ronald Meester

Download or read book A Natural Introduction to Probability Theory written by Ronald Meester and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compactly written, but nevertheless very readable, appealing to intuition, this introduction to probability theory is an excellent textbook for a one-semester course for undergraduates in any direction that uses probabilistic ideas. Technical machinery is only introduced when necessary. The route is rigorous but does not use measure theory. The text is illustrated with many original and surprising examples and problems taken from classical applications like gambling, geometry or graph theory, as well as from applications in biology, medicine, social sciences, sports, and coding theory. Only first-year calculus is required.

Probability's Nature And Nature's Probability - Lite

Author : Donald E. Johnson
Publisher : Big Mac Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0982355440
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability's Nature And Nature's Probability - Lite by : Donald E. Johnson

Download or read book Probability's Nature And Nature's Probability - Lite written by Donald E. Johnson and published by Big Mac Publishers. This book was released on 2009-10 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the sequel to the well received "Probability's Nature And Nature's Probability which was written in depth for Scientist and Professionals. This new book has the same wonderful foundation, but has been revised and put into layman's terms so anyone can understand it. The author once believed anyone not accepting the "proven" evolutionary scenario that was ingrained during his science education was of the same mentality as someone believing in a flat earth. With continued scientific investigation, paying closer attention to actual data (rather than speculative conclusions), he began to doubt the natural explanations that had been so ingrained in a number of key areas including the origin and fine-tuning of mass and energy, the origin of life with its complex information content, and the increase in complexity in living organisms. It was science, and not religion, that caused his disbelief in the explanatory powers of undirected nature. The fantastic leaps of faith required to accept the undirected natural causes in these areas demand a scientific response to the scientific-sounding concepts that in fact have no known scientific basis. Scientific integrity needs to be restored so that ideas that have no methods to test or falsify are not considered part of science. Too often "possible" is used by scientists without considering that "possible" has a scientific definition within the nature of probability. For example, one should not be able to get away with stating "it is possible that life arose from non-life by ..." or "it's possible that a different form of life exists elsewhere in the universe" without first demonstrating that it is indeed possible (non-zero probability) using known science. One could, of course, state "it may be speculated that ...," but such a statement wouldn't have the believability that its author intends to convey by the pseudo-scientific pronouncement. This book reviews the many prevalent scenarios that are widely accepted, but need closer examination of their scientific validity. It will also examine the scientific validity of Intelligent Design (ID) as a model that can be empirically detected and examined. For example, the book uses known science (including Shannon and Functional information principles) to prove that it is impossible (zero probability) for life's complex information system to have an undirected natural source. The usefulness of the ID model for furthering scientific inquiry is also analyzed. One chapter is devoted to exposing fallacies, presuppositions, and beliefs that attempt to prevent acceptance of ID as "science."

Nature's Principles

Author : Jan Faye
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402032578
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature's Principles by : Jan Faye

Download or read book Nature's Principles written by Jan Faye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-04-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most basic problems in the philosophy of science involves determining the extent to which nature is governed by laws. This volume presents a wide-ranging overview of the contemporary debate and includes some of its foremost participants. It begins with an extensive introduction describing the historical, logical and philosophical background of the problems dealt with in the essays. Among the topics treated in the essays is the relationship between laws of nature and causal laws as well as the role of ceteris paribus clauses in scientific explanations. Traditionally, the problem of the unity of science was intimately connected to the problem of understanding the unity of nature. This fourth volume of Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science tackles these problems as part of our consideration of the most fundamental aspects of scientific understanding.

Causal Models and Intelligent Data Management

Author : Alex Gammerman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642586481
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Causal Models and Intelligent Data Management by : Alex Gammerman

Download or read book Causal Models and Intelligent Data Management written by Alex Gammerman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to electronically store, manipulate and analyze large-scale, high-dimensional data sets requires new computational methods. This book presents new intelligent data management methods and tools, including new results from the field of inference. Leading experts also map out future directions of intelligent data analysis. This book will be a valuable reference for researchers exploring the interdisciplinary area between statistics and computer science as well as for professionals applying advanced data analysis methods in industry.

Probabilistic Graphical Models

Author : Daphne Koller
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262258358
Total Pages : 1270 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Probabilistic Graphical Models by : Daphne Koller

Download or read book Probabilistic Graphical Models written by Daphne Koller and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 1270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general framework for constructing and using probabilistic models of complex systems that would enable a computer to use available information for making decisions. Most tasks require a person or an automated system to reason—to reach conclusions based on available information. The framework of probabilistic graphical models, presented in this book, provides a general approach for this task. The approach is model-based, allowing interpretable models to be constructed and then manipulated by reasoning algorithms. These models can also be learned automatically from data, allowing the approach to be used in cases where manually constructing a model is difficult or even impossible. Because uncertainty is an inescapable aspect of most real-world applications, the book focuses on probabilistic models, which make the uncertainty explicit and provide models that are more faithful to reality. Probabilistic Graphical Models discusses a variety of models, spanning Bayesian networks, undirected Markov networks, discrete and continuous models, and extensions to deal with dynamical systems and relational data. For each class of models, the text describes the three fundamental cornerstones: representation, inference, and learning, presenting both basic concepts and advanced techniques. Finally, the book considers the use of the proposed framework for causal reasoning and decision making under uncertainty. The main text in each chapter provides the detailed technical development of the key ideas. Most chapters also include boxes with additional material: skill boxes, which describe techniques; case study boxes, which discuss empirical cases related to the approach described in the text, including applications in computer vision, robotics, natural language understanding, and computational biology; and concept boxes, which present significant concepts drawn from the material in the chapter. Instructors (and readers) can group chapters in various combinations, from core topics to more technically advanced material, to suit their particular needs.

Probability Theory

Author : Vincent F. Hendricks
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792369523
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (695 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability Theory by : Vincent F. Hendricks

Download or read book Probability Theory written by Vincent F. Hendricks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-06-30 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of papers presented at the conference on Probability Theory - Philosophy, Recent History and Relations to Science, University of Roskilde, Denmark, September 16-18, 1998. Since the measure theoretical definition of probability was proposed by Kolmogorov, probability theory has developed into a mature mathematical theory. It is today a fruitful field of mathematics that has important applications in philosophy, science, engineering, and many other areas. The measure theoretical definition of probability and its axioms, however, are not without their problems; some of them even puzzled Kolmogorov. This book sheds light on some recent discussions of the problems in probability theory and their history, analysing their philosophical and mathematical significance, and the role pf mathematical probability theory in other sciences.

God's Action in Nature's World

Author : Nathan Hallanger
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317126246
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis God's Action in Nature's World by : Nathan Hallanger

Download or read book God's Action in Nature's World written by Nathan Hallanger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1981 Robert John Russell founded what would become the leading center of research at the interface of science and religion, the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences. Throughout its twenty-five year history, CTNS under Russell's leadership has continued to guide and further the dialogue between science and theology. Russell has been an articulate spokesperson in calling for "creative mutual interaction" between the two fields. God's Action in Nature's World brings together sixteen internationally-recognized scholars to assess Robert Russell's impact on the discipline of science and religion. Focusing on three areas of Russell's work - methodology, cosmology, and divine action in quantum physics - this book celebrates Robert John Russell's contribution to the interdisciplinary engagement between the natural sciences and theology.

The Logic of Strategy

Author : Cristina Bicchieri
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195117158
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Strategy by : Cristina Bicchieri

Download or read book The Logic of Strategy written by Cristina Bicchieri and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by three leading figures in the field, this exciting volume presents cutting-edge work in decision theory by a distinguished international roster of contributors. These mostly unpublished papers address a host of crucial areas in the contemporary philosophical study of rationality and knowledge. Topics include causal versus evidential decision theory, game theory, backwards induction, bounded rationality, counterfactual reasoning in games and in general, analyses of the famous common knowledge assumptions in game theory, and evaluations of the normal versus extensive form formulations of complex decision problems.

Basic Probability: What Every Math Student Should Know

Author : Tijms Henk
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811202370
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Probability: What Every Math Student Should Know by : Tijms Henk

Download or read book Basic Probability: What Every Math Student Should Know written by Tijms Henk and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by international award-winning probability expert Henk Tijms, Basic Probability: What Every Math Student Should Know presents the essentials of elementary probability. The book is primarily written for high school and college students learning about probability for the first time. In a highly accessible way, a modern treatment of the subject is given with emphasis on conditional probability and Bayesian probability, on striking applications of the Poisson distribution, and on the interface between probability and computer simulation.In modern society, it is important to be able to critically evaluate statements of a probabilistic nature presented in the media in order to make informed judgments. A basic knowledge of probability theory is indispensable to logical thinking and statistical literacy. The book provides this knowledge and illustrates it with numerous everyday situations.

Operations Research ’93

Author : Achim Bachem
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642469558
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Operations Research ’93 by : Achim Bachem

Download or read book Operations Research ’93 written by Achim Bachem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume contains extended abstracts of talks presented at the 18th Symposium on Operations Research held at the University of Cologne, September 1-3, 1993. The Symposia on Operations Research are the annual meetings of the Gesellschaft fiir Mathematik, Okonometrie und Operations Research (GMOOR), a scientific society providing a link between research and applications in the areas of applied mathematics, economics and operations research. The broad range of interests and scientific activities covered by GMOOR and its members was demonstrated by about 250 talks presented at the 18th Symposium. As in l'ecent years, emphasis was placed on optimization and stochastics, this year with a special focus on combinatorial optimization and discrete mathematics. We appreciate that with sections on parallel and distributed computing and on scientific computing also new fields could be integrated into the scope of the GMOOR. This book contains extended abstracts of most of the papers presented at the con ference. Long versions and full papers of the talks are expected to appear elsewhere in refereed periodicals. The contributions were divided into sixteen sections: (1) Theory of Optimization, (2) Computational Methods of Optimization, (3) Combinatorial Optimization and Dis crete Mathematics, (4) Scientific Computing, (5) Decision Theory, (6) Mathematical Economics and Game Theory, (7) Banking, Finance and Insurance, (8) Econometrics, (9) Macroeconomics and Economic Theory, (10) Stochastics, (11) Production and Lo gistics, (12) System and Control Theory, (13) Routing and Scheduling, (14) Knowledge Based Systems, (15) Information Systems and (16) Parallel and Distributed Compu ting.

Being as Communion

Author : William A. Dembski
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317175441
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Being as Communion by : William A. Dembski

Download or read book Being as Communion written by William A. Dembski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a thing to be real, it must be able to communicate with other things. If this is so, then the problem of being receives a straightforward resolution: to be is to be in communion. So the fundamental science, indeed the science that needs to underwrite all other sciences, is a theory of communication. Within such a theory of communication the proper object of study becomes not isolated particles but the information that passes between entities. In Being as Communion philosopher and mathematician William Dembski provides a non-technical overview of his work on information. Dembski attempts to make good on the promise of John Wheeler, Paul Davies, and others that information is poised to replace matter as the primary stuff of reality. With profound implications for theology and metaphysics, Being as Communion develops a relational ontology that is at once congenial to science and open to teleology in nature. All those interested in the intersections of theology, philosophy and science should read this book.

Nature's Capacities and Their Measurement

Author : Nancy Cartwright
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191519782
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature's Capacities and Their Measurement by : Nancy Cartwright

Download or read book Nature's Capacities and Their Measurement written by Nancy Cartwright and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1989-08-10 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues for the place of capacities within an grounds of meaning, not method. Yet it is questions of method that should concern the modern empiricist: can capacities be measured? Cartwright argues that they are measured if anything is. Stanford University's Gravity-Probe-B will measure capacities in a cryogenic dewar deep in space. More mundanely, we use probabilities to measure capacities, and the assumptions required to ensure that probabilities are a reliable instrument are investigated in the opening chapters of this book, where the early methods of econometrics set a model. The last chapter applies lessons about probabilities and capacities to quantum mechanics and the Bell inequalities. The central thesis throughout is that capacities not only can be admitted by empiricists, but indeed must be - otherwise the empirical methods of modern science will make no sense.

Mathematical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence

Author : Frederick Hoffman
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821806114
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence by : Frederick Hoffman

Download or read book Mathematical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence written by Frederick Hoffman and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1998 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There exists a history of great expectations and large investments involving artificial intelligence (AI). There are also notable shortfalls and memorable disappointments. One major controversy regarding AI is just how mathematical a field it is or should be. This text includes contributions that examine the connections between AI and mathematics, demonstrating the potential for mathematical applications and exposing some of the more mathematical areas within AI. The goal is to stimulate interest in people who can contribute to the field or use its results. Included in the work by M. Newborn on the famous Deep BLue chess match. He discusses highly mathematical techniques involving graph theory, combinatorics and probability and statistics. G. Shafer offers his development of probability through probability trees with some of the results appearing here for the first time. M. Golumbic treats temporal reasoning with ties to the famous Frame Problem. His contribution involves logic, combinatorics and graph theory and leads to two chapters with logical themes. H. Kirchner explains how ordering techniques in automated reasoning systems make deduction more efficient. Constraint logic programming is discussed by C. Lassez, who shows its intimate ties to linear programming with crucial theorems going back to Fourier. V. Nalwa's work provides a brief tour of computer vision, tying it to mathematics - from combinatorics, probability and geometry to partial differential equations. All authors are gifted expositors and are current contributors to the field. The wide scope of the volume includes research problems, research tools and good motivational material for teaching.

The Probabilistic Foundations of Rational Learning

Author : Simon M. Huttegger
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107115329
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Probabilistic Foundations of Rational Learning by : Simon M. Huttegger

Download or read book The Probabilistic Foundations of Rational Learning written by Simon M. Huttegger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extends Bayesian epistemology to develop new approaches to general rational learning within the framework of probability theory.