Probability And Rationality

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Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability

Author : Maria Carla Galavotti
Publisher : Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability by : Maria Carla Galavotti

Download or read book Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability written by Maria Carla Galavotti and published by Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion. This book was released on 2008 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume broadens our concept of reasoning and rationality to allow for a more pluralistic and situational view of human thinking as a practical activity. Drawing on contributors across disciplines including philosophy, economics, psychology, statistics, computer science, engineering, and physics, Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability argues that the search for strong theories should leave room for the construction of context-sensitive conceptual tools. Both science and everyday life, the authors argue, are too complex and multifaceted to be forced into ready-made schemata.

Bayesian Rationality

Author : Mike Oaksford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198524498
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Rationality by : Mike Oaksford

Download or read book Bayesian Rationality written by Mike Oaksford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.

Probability and Rationality

Author : Ellery Eells
Publisher : Rodopi
ISBN 13 : 9789051833164
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (331 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Rationality by : Ellery Eells

Download or read book Probability and Rationality written by Ellery Eells and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 1991 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief

Author : Henry Ely Kyburg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief by : Henry Ely Kyburg

Download or read book Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief written by Henry Ely Kyburg and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Stability of Belief

Author : Hannes Leitgeb
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191047015
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Stability of Belief by : Hannes Leitgeb

Download or read book The Stability of Belief written by Hannes Leitgeb and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In everyday life we normally express our beliefs in all-or-nothing terms: I believe it is going to rain; I don't believe that my lottery ticket will win. In other cases, if possible, we resort to numerical probabilities: my degree of belief that it is going to rain is 80%; the probability that I assign to my ticket winning is one in a million. It is an open philosophical question how all-or-nothing belief and numerical belief relate to each other, and how we ought to reason with them simultaneously. The Stability of Belief develops a theory of rational belief that aims to answer this question. Hannes Leitgeb develops a joint normative theory of all-or-nothing belief and numerical degrees of belief. While rational all-or-nothing belief is studied in traditional epistemology and is usually assumed to obey logical norms, rational degrees of belief constitute the subject matter of Bayesian epistemology and are normally taken to conform to probabilistic norms. One of the central open questions in formal epistemology is what beliefs and degrees of belief have to be like in order for them to cohere with each other. The answer defended in this book is a stability account of belief: a rational agent believes a proposition just in case the agent assigns a stably high degree of belief to it. Leitgeb determines this theory's consequences for, and applications to, learning, suppositional reasoning, decision-making, assertion, acceptance, conditionals, and chance. The volume builds new bridges between logic and probability theory, traditional and formal epistemology, theoretical and practical rationality, and synchronic and diachronic norms for reasoning.

The Roots of Reason

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191516082
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Reason by : David Papineau

Download or read book The Roots of Reason written by David Papineau and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.

Probability and Rationality

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004457208
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Rationality by :

Download or read book Probability and Rationality written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rationality

Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0241380308
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality by : Steven Pinker

Download or read book Rationality written by Steven Pinker and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer

Studies in Inductive Probability and Rational Expectation

Author : Theo A.F. Kuipers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400998309
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies in Inductive Probability and Rational Expectation by : Theo A.F. Kuipers

Download or read book Studies in Inductive Probability and Rational Expectation written by Theo A.F. Kuipers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3 in philosophy, and therefore in metaphilosophy, cannot be based on rules that avoid spending time on pseudo-problems. Of course, this implies that, if one succeeds in demonstrating convincingly the pseudo-character of a problem by giving its 'solution', the time spent on it need not be seen as wasted. We conclude this section with a brief statement of the criteria for concept explication as they have been formulated in several places by Carnap, Hempel and Stegmiiller. Hempel's account ([13J, Chapter 1) is still very adequate for a detailed introduction. The process of explication starts with the identification of one or more vague and, perhaps, ambiguous concepts, the so-called explicanda. Next, one tries to disentangle the ambiguities. This, however, need not be possible at once. Ultimately the explicanda are to be replaced (not necessarily one by one) by certain counterparts, the so-called explicata, which have to conform to four requirements. They have to be as precise as possible and as simple as possible. In addition, they have to be useful in the sense that they give rise to the formulation of theories and the solution of problems. The three requirements of preciseness, simplicity and usefulness. have of course to be pursued in all concept formation.

Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality

Author : Robert C. Koons
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521412692
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality by : Robert C. Koons

Download or read book Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality written by Robert C. Koons and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-01-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author argues that a logical paradox lies at the root of a number of persistent puzzles in game theory, in particular those concerning rational agents who seek to establish some kind of reputation. This analysis provides an understanding of how the rational agent model can account for the emergence of rules, practices and institutions.

Risk and Rationality

Author : Lara Buchak
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199672164
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk and Rationality by : Lara Buchak

Download or read book Risk and Rationality written by Lara Buchak and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lara Buchak sets out a new account of rational decision-making in the face of risk. She argues that the orthodox view (expected utility theory) is too narrow, and suggests an alternative, more permissive theory: one that allows individuals to pay attention to the worst-case or best-case scenario, and vindicates the ordinary decision-maker.

Probability, Uncertainty and Rationality

Author : Hykel Hosni
Publisher : Edizioni della Normale
ISBN 13 : 9788876423475
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability, Uncertainty and Rationality by : Hykel Hosni

Download or read book Probability, Uncertainty and Rationality written by Hykel Hosni and published by Edizioni della Normale. This book was released on 2010-04-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores, from a mathematical and a philosophical perspective, the virtuous circle connecting logic and rationality. While logic lends its methods, techniques and ideas to the investigation of rationality, the practical problems which arise in modelling rational behaviour, especially in the social sciences, motivate logicians to develop more refined logical formalisms. This is why non classical logics - a unifying theme of this volume - play a fundamental role in the construction of formal models of rationality.

Rational Choice Using Imprecise Probabilities and Utilities

Author : Paul Weirich
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108604781
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Rational Choice Using Imprecise Probabilities and Utilities by : Paul Weirich

Download or read book Rational Choice Using Imprecise Probabilities and Utilities written by Paul Weirich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An agent often does not have precise probabilities or utilities to guide resolution of a decision problem. I advance a principle of rationality for making decisions in such cases. To begin, I represent the doxastic and conative state of an agent with a set of pairs of a probability assignment and a utility assignment. Then I support a decision principle that allows any act that maximizes expected utility according to some pair of assignments in the set. Assuming that computation of an option's expected utility uses comprehensive possible outcomes that include the option's risk, no consideration supports a stricter requirement.

Unsettled Thoughts

Author : Julia Staffel
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198833717
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Unsettled Thoughts by : Julia Staffel

Download or read book Unsettled Thoughts written by Julia Staffel and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-01-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should thinkers cope with uncertainty? What makes their degrees of belief rational, and how should they reason about uncertain matters? In epistemology, recent research has attempted to answer these questions by developing formal models of ideally rational credences. However, we know from psychological research that perfect rationality is unattainable for human thinkers--and so this raises the question of how rational ideals can apply to human thinkers. A popular reply is that the more a thinker's imperfectly rational credences approximate compliance with norms of ideal rationality, the better. But what exactly does this mean? Why is it better to be less irrational, if we can't ever be completely rational? And what does being closer to ideally rational amount to? If ideal models of rationality are supposed to help us understand the rationality of human, imperfect thinkers, we need answers to these questions. Unsettled Thoughts breaks new ground in the study of rationality in providing these answers: we can explain why it's better to be less irrational, because less irrational degrees of belief are generally more accurate and better at guiding our actions. Moreover, the way in which approximating ideal rationality is beneficial can be made formally precise by using a variety of distance measures that track the benefits of being more rational.

Modality, Probability, and Rationality

Author : James F. Sennett
Publisher : Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Modality, Probability, and Rationality by : James F. Sennett

Download or read book Modality, Probability, and Rationality written by James F. Sennett and published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines several major projects in Plantinga's career, particularly as they relate to his defense of the rationality of theistic belief. Chapters are dedicated to his modal ontological argument, his free will defense, his attacks on inductive arguments from evil, and his «Reformed epistemology» program, in which he argues that theistic belief can be rational without reliance on propositional evidence. Along the way the book deals with important issues in possible worlds semantics, probability theory, and the theory of knowledge. Account is taken of Plantinga's most recent work, including his forthcoming books in epistemology. Though some portions of the work deal with technical concepts of modal and probabilistic logics, all professional philosophers and many professional theologians should find the book accessible, understandable, and informative.

Reality and Rationality

Author : Wesley C. Salmon
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0195177843
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Reality and Rationality by : Wesley C. Salmon

Download or read book Reality and Rationality written by Wesley C. Salmon and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2005-06-09 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of articles (most published, some new) is a follow-up to the late Wesley C. Salmon's widely read collection Causality And Explanation (OUP 1998). It contains both published and unpublished articles, and focuses on two related areas of inquiry: First, is science a rational enterprise? Secondly, does science yield objective information about our world, even the aspects that we cannot observe directly? Salmon's own take is that objective knowledge of the world is possible, and his work in these articles centers around proving that this can be so. Salmon's influential standing in the field ensures that this volume will be of interest to both undergraduates and professional philosophers, primarily in the philosophy of science.

Taking Chances

Author : Jordan Howard Sobel
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521416351
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Taking Chances by : Jordan Howard Sobel

Download or read book Taking Chances written by Jordan Howard Sobel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-04-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J. Howard Sobel has long been recognized as an important figure in philosophical discussions of rational decision. He has done much to help formulate the concept of causal decision theory. In this volume of essays Sobel explores the Bayesian idea that rational actions maximize expected values, where an action's expected value is a weighted average of its agent's values for its possible total outcomes. Newcomb's Problem and The Prisoner's Dilemma are discussed, and Allais-type puzzles are viewed from the perspective of causal world Bayesianism. The author establishes principles for distinguishing options in decision problems, and studies ways in which perfectly rational causal maximizers can be capable of resolute choices. Sobel also views critically Gauthier's revisionist ideas about maximizing rationality. This collection will be a desideratum for anyone working in the field of rational choice theory, whether in philosophy, economics, political science, psychology or statistics. Howard Sobel's work in decision theory is certainly among the most important, interesting and challenging that is being done by philosophers.