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Priority Hiv And Sexual Health Interventions In The Health Sector For Men Who Have Sex With Men And Transgender People In The Asia Pacific Region
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Author :WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 :9789290614630 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (146 download)
Book Synopsis Priority HIV and Sexual Health Interventions in the Health Sector for Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgender People in the Asia-Pacific Region by : WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Download or read book Priority HIV and Sexual Health Interventions in the Health Sector for Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgender People in the Asia-Pacific Region written by WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book and CD-ROM package describes the priority health sector interventions recommended to achieve universal access for the prevention, treatment, care and support of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among MSM in the broader perspective of male sexual health. It summarizes key policy and technical recommendations developed by WHO related to each priority health sector intervention. It guides the selection and prioritization of interventions for HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. Finally, it directs readers to key resources of WHO and other organizations containing the best available information on the health sector response to HIV among MSM.
Book Synopsis HIV/AIDS Among Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Populations in South-East Asia by :
Download or read book HIV/AIDS Among Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Populations in South-East Asia written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Same-sex behavior is identified in all societies. However, in the South-East Asia Region, the majority of men who have sex with men and transgender persons are highly stigmatized and discriminated against. There are an estmated 4-5 million men who have sex with men; among the transgender population, the number is less clear. Many of them are involved in high risk sexual behaviors that put them at risk for HIV infection, resulting in a high and increasing HIV prevalence in several countries of the Region. Control of HIV infections among these populations is thus an urgent public health priority. The countries included in this review are Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Timor-Leste. Though most of them have some form of interventions for men who have sex with men and transgender populations, the majority of these populations do not have access to various HIV services due to widespread stigma and discrimination, and punitive laws in most countries. This report provides information on the status of the epidemic among these populations in the South-East Asia Region. It highlights the need for improved advocacy efforts and a greater national response to save the lives of these populations who are at risk for HIV infection.
Book Synopsis HIV and Men who Have Sex with Men in Asia and the Pacific by : Roger Winder
Download or read book HIV and Men who Have Sex with Men in Asia and the Pacific written by Roger Winder and published by Unaids Regional Support Team East and Southern Africa. This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "men who have sex with men" - frequently shortened to MSM - describes a behaviour rather than a specific group of people. It includes self-identified gay, bisexual, transgendered or heterosexual men. Many men who have sex with men do not consider themselves gay or bisexual. They are often married, particularly where discriminatory laws or social stigma of male sexual relations exist. Largely because of the taboo, the female partners of men who have sex with men are often unaware of their partner's other liaisons, and the threat posed to themselves. Forced sex among men is not uncommon, especially in men-only environments such as prisons. Men who have sex with men are found in all societies, yet are largely invisible in many places. In terms of HIV, sex between men is significant because it can involve anal sex, which when unprotected carries a very high risk. Sex between men is thought to account for between 5 and 10% of global HIV infections, although the proportion of cases attributed to this mode of transmission varies considerably between countries. It is the predominant mode in much of the developed world. Globally less than one in twenty men who have sex with men have access to the HIV prevention and care services they need. Many factors contribute to this situation including denial by society and communities, stigma and discrimination, and human rights abuse. Vulnerability to HIV infection is increased where sex between men is criminalised, as men are either excluded from, or exclude themselves from, sexual health and welfare agencies out of fear. A range of interventions to reduce risk behaviours among men who have sex with men have proven successful, including: condom promotion, safer-sex campaigns and skills training; peer education with outreach programmes; and programmes tailored to subpopulations such as male sex workers and men in prisons. Specific policy measures are crucial for making prevention, care and support available to men who have sex with men. First and foremost, they must be included in national HIV programming and funding priorities. The governments must support organisations of men who have sex with men, enabling them to promote HIV prevention and care programmes and to participate in HIV planning and policymaking. Legislation should be changed, decriminalizing same-sex acts and providing protective laws against discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Book Synopsis Recommended package of interventions for HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for men who have sex with men by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Recommended package of interventions for HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for men who have sex with men written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-05-29 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2022, WHO published the Consolidated guidelines on HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations. These guidelines outline a public health response to HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for five key populations (men who have sex with men, sex workers, people in prisons and other closed settings, people who inject drugs and trans and gender diverse people). In this policy brief, we give an update on those parts of the guidelines which are relevant for men who have sex with men.
Download or read book Unaids Action Framework written by Unaids and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2012-05-30 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. Business as usual is no longer a viable response to the HIV-related risks of men who have sex with men and transgender people. Where data exist on HIV in these populations, they show that our collective responses are failing far more often than they are reaching scale or succeeding. Just as disconcerting, in many parts of the world, is the fact that few reliable data exist at all.
Book Synopsis Implementing Comprehensive HIV and STI Programmes with Men who Have Sex with Men by :
Download or read book Implementing Comprehensive HIV and STI Programmes with Men who Have Sex with Men written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to the general population in nearly all countries collecting reliable surveillance data. In low- and middle-income countries they have 19.3-fold greater odds of being infected with HIV compared with the general population. HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men across North, South and Central America, South and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa ranges from 14% to 18%. Even as HIV incidence is in decline worldwide, the rate of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men remains unchanged and is increasing in some high-income countries like the United States. In 2011 the World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and The Global Forum on MSM & HIV (MSMGF) developed a guidance document on Prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and transgender people. The document sets out technical recommendations on interventions for the prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men. In 2014, WHO released the Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations. These bring together all existing guidance related to key populations, including men who have sex with men, with updates on selected guidance and recommendations. The recommendations of these two publications are summarized in Table 1 at the end of this Introduction. Following the dissemination of the 2011 Recommendations and the 2014 Key Populations Consolidated Guidelines describing effective, evidence-based interventions (the what), a need was expressed for guidance focused on implementation (the how). This publication responds to that need by offering practical advice on implementing HIV and STI programmes for men who have sex with men, aligned with the 2011 Recommendations and the 2014 Key Populations Consolidated Guidelines. It contains examples of good practice from around the world that may support efforts in planning programmes and services, and describes issues that should be considered and how to overcome challenges. The health and prevention benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the management of HIV are now strongly supported by research. Behavioural prevention programmes including use of condoms and lubricant, early diagnosis, prompt linkage to sustained care and ART, and viral suppression constitute points along a comprehensive continuum of HIV-related services. When services are easily accessible, implemented effectively and delivered in close partnership with their intended beneficiaries, this comprehensive continuum of health services reduces morbidity, mortality and onward transmission of HIV. However, current service delivery models are not as effective as they should be in linking and retaining men who have sex with men to the services they need, resulting in a failure to fully realize the health and prevention benefits of all interventions currently at our disposal. The findings revealed a drop-off in service retention at every point along the continuum.
Book Synopsis HIV and Men who Have Sex with Men in Asia and the Pacific by : Joint United Nations Programme on HI
Download or read book HIV and Men who Have Sex with Men in Asia and the Pacific written by Joint United Nations Programme on HI and published by . This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Asia and the Pacific alone, an estimated 7.1 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, which means that this region has the second-largest number of people living with the virus after Sub-Saharan Africa. In this context, men who have sex with men (MSM) constitute a vulnerable group because of the risk associated with their sexual practices, and related HIV transmission is particularly significant in the more developed sub-regions of Asia and the Pacific.
Book Synopsis Rethinking MSM, Trans* and other Categories in HIV Prevention by : Amaya G. Perez-Brumer
Download or read book Rethinking MSM, Trans* and other Categories in HIV Prevention written by Amaya G. Perez-Brumer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the HIV epidemic moves into its fourth decade, it is clear that the global response has failed to adequately address the needs of a wide range of vulnerable populations and groups. Chief among these are gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, and transgender persons, who globally face the disproportional burden of HIV infection. This volume rethinks HIV prevention and health promotion for sexual and gender minorities – in both the industrialised societies of the West, as well as in the developing nations of the Global South. The chapters it contains offer a critical analysis of past and present HIV research employing categories to designate gay and other men who have sex with men, transgender persons, and/or other persons and communities with diverse gender and sexual identities. Contributors question the politics of many of the existing classifications and categories in HIV research and argue for a more sophisticated analysis of gender and sexual diversity in order to tackle the social and political barriers that impede the design of successful HIV prevention and health promotion approaches. This book was originally published as a special issue of Global Public Health.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Book Synopsis Blueprint for the Provision of Comprehensive Care for Trans People and Trans Communities in Asia and the Pacific by :
Download or read book Blueprint for the Provision of Comprehensive Care for Trans People and Trans Communities in Asia and the Pacific written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A document with far-reaching potential and applications in trans health and human rights in the region. The purpose is to strengthen and enhance the policy-related, clinical, and public health responses for trans people in Asia and the Pacific. The primary audience is health providers, policymakers and governments. The Blueprint is organised into two components. The first half outlines the history and background of this document and summarises the health and human rights context of trans people in this region. The second half collates good practice advice, including examples of primary care protocols for health professionals working with trans people.
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guideline on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living with HIV by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guideline on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living with HIV written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-02-20 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: he starting point for this guideline is the point at which a woman has learnt that she is living with HIV and it therefore covers key issues for providing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights-related services and support for women living with HIV. As women living with HIV face unique challenges and human rights violations related to their sexuality and reproduction within their families and communities as well as from the health-care institutions where they seek care particular emphasis is placed on the creation of an enabling environment to support more effective health interventions and better health outcomes. This guideline is meant to help countries to more effectively and efficiently plan develop and monitor programmes and services that promote gender equality and human rights and hence are more acceptable and appropriate for women living with HIV taking into account the national and local epidemiological context. It discusses implementation issues that health interventions and service delivery must address to achieve gender equality and support human rights.
Book Synopsis Sexual Health, Human Rights and the Law by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Sexual Health, Human Rights and the Law written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report demonstrates the relationship between sexual health, human rights and the law. Drawing from a review of public health evidence and extensive research into human rights law at international, regional and national levels, the report shows how states in different parts of the world can and do support sexual health through legal and other mechanisms that are consistent with human rights standards and their own human rights obligations.
Book Synopsis Working with Men for HIV Prevention and Care by :
Download or read book Working with Men for HIV Prevention and Care written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engaging men as partners is a critical component in AIDS prevention and care as, in many contexts, men are the decision-makers in matters related to reproductive and sexual health. As reflected in the theme of the World AIDS Campaign of 2000, men's roles and responsibilities in relation to the health of their female partners have a significant bearing on the course of the epidemic. The work of UNAIDS in this field has three broad objectives: motivating men and women to talk more openly about sex, sexuality, drug used and HIV/AIDS; encouraging men to take greater care of themselves, their partners and families; and promoting programs that respond to the needs of both men and women. It is important that work with men and boys should not seek to replace work with women and girls, but rather complement it. Parallel programs for men and boys are crucial in ensuring that men protect not only their own health but also the health of their families. By working in partnership with men, rather than apportioning blame, it is hoped that men can finally begin to be seen as part of the solution rather than part of a problem. Twelve projects were selected because they demonstrated such a perspective and represented a diverse range of interventions with men. It was believed that an analysis of their strategies and lessons learned would generate common ground on men's needs, associated with HIV/AIDS and their general health, and would provide insights into effective approaches for working with men.--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis HIV Sexually Transmitted Infections and Other Health Needs Among Transgender People in Asia and the Pacific by : WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Download or read book HIV Sexually Transmitted Infections and Other Health Needs Among Transgender People in Asia and the Pacific written by WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and published by . This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technical brief is designed for people who are planning to respond to the needs of transgender people for the very first time. It reviews the epidemiology of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other health needs of transgender people in Asia and the Pacific. The determinants of risk behaviours especially stigma and discrimination are explored. The document also summarizes techniques for gender-affirming enhancement for transgender people.
Book Synopsis Invisible Men by : Tara Ailinn McKay
Download or read book Invisible Men written by Tara Ailinn McKay and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have come to the fore of policy debates about AIDS prevention. In stark contrast to global AIDS policy during the first two decades of the epidemic which excluded MSM from policy outside the West, UNAIDS now identifies MSM as "marginalized but not marginal" to the global AIDS epidemic. This dissertation provides an account of this controversial reversal of global AIDS policy and uses it as a point of departure for understanding the role of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) like UNAIDS in the formation of global health priorities. In contrast to the emergence of other health and social policy issues, various studies observe that efforts to establish a global agenda for addressing HIV and AIDS have been highly concentrated within intergovernmental organizations. How and in whose interests do new priorities emerge within AIDS IGOs? Health policy researchers argue that IGOs have considerable influence in the formation and dissemination of health policies around the world. However, there is a particularly rich debate among sociologists and political scientists about whether and how IGOs can act autonomously and pursue policy priorities that are not supported by states. Because these organizations generally lack enforcement power and are dependent on states for financial resources and legitimacy, IGOs have traditionally been conceived as lacking autonomy to pursue their own policy interests independent of the interests of states. Yet, recent interventions by sociologists have shown how IGOs strategically navigate the demands of states and even attempt to reconfigure the external environment to promote alignment with the policy interests of the IGO. Nonetheless, concerns about resources continue to plague IGOs and often constrain their agency. In this dissertation I argue that a key limitation of existing studies on the autonomy and influence of IGOs is their narrow focus on the decision-making and agenda-setting stages of policy making. I extend sociological research on the influence and autonomy of IGOs by addressing how concerns about implementation shape the particular structures and strategies that AIDS IGOs adopt in order to pursue their own policy interests. Many of these strategies are not easily understood by existing theories of IGO behavior which argue that as bureaucracies, IGOs will seek to expand their autonomy and influence in a sector. In contrast, I argue that IGOs with limited power to enforce policy implementation by states are highly sensitive to an implementation-autonomy trade off and may actually give up some autonomy in decision-making in order to facilitate broader implementation by states. IGOs also face additional barriers to implementation due to decentralization of the organization at the regional- and country-level and competition from other IGOs, nongovernmental organizations, and bilateral and private donors. Using archival data from World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS and its successor, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), two IGOs mandated by the United Nations to coordinate a global response to AIDS epidemic, I show in Chapter 1 how concerns about implementation have shaped decisions about the organizational structure of these IGOs. In addition, I show how implementation concerns have promoted the adoption of particular strategies - organizational inreach, interorganizational cooperation, evidence-based advocacy, and bidirectional pressure - to align policy preferences among states, other organizations, and even their own staff. The use of these strategies by AIDS IGOs has had consequences beyond the decision-making phase of policy development. Drawing on a novel dataset compiled from five waves of UN Country Progress Reports on HIV/AIDS (2003, 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012), I show in Chapter 2 that the use of these strategies has promoted the alignment of national AIDS programs with UNAIDS policies on MSM over time. On the ground, IGO interest in HIV among MSM has also provided new technologies for seeing MSM in hostile political contexts. As I show in a country-case study presented in Chapter 3, claims for the recognition of same-sex sexualities in Malawi have had the most institutional success within the national AIDS programs which increasingly identifies MSM as a key target for public health intervention. Additionally, links between Malawian organizations and transnational research and advocacy networks have provided a context in which (male) same-sex sexualities have become statistically visible and institutionalized, providing a basis for future grassroots mobilization. At the same time, however, IGO interest in MSM has reinvigorated opposition to homosexuality among Malawian political elites and ordinary citizens. In Chapter 4 I introduce original household survey data collected in Malawi in 2012 (N=1491). Building on qualitative findings from Chapter 3, I use these data to quantitatively examine the effects of variation in aid allocations across Malawi's administrative districts on attitudes toward homosexuality. Results show that in districts with higher levels of annual aid per capita, individuals hold more negative views of homosexuality. Thus while IGOs have had a substantial effect on state-level and donor-level adoption of policy priorities, they have had much less success in changing public views toward homosexuality on the ground. These results suggest that models of global diffusion that utilize policy change as an indicator for cultural change may be greatly overestimating cultural change on contentious issues like homosexuality. In sum, IGOs have become central actors in the formation, diffusion, and implementation of AIDS policy concerning same-sex sexualities. They develop new policy ideas and set priorities that may diverge substantially from the interests of member states, both rich and poor. However, IGOs also face considerable barriers to implementing their policy priorities: from reluctant states to the decentralization of staff across dozens of country offices to competition from other organizations and private donors. In this dissertation I show how barriers to implementation shape the structures and strategies of IGOs. As such, this work contends that IGOs are not simply disinterested forums in which states pursue their own interests or passive collections of rules and norms, but autonomous, influential, and self-interested actors that shape the policymaking process and the world around them, sometimes in unexpected and undesirable ways.
Book Synopsis HIV and STI Prevention Among Men who Have Sex with Men by :
Download or read book HIV and STI Prevention Among Men who Have Sex with Men written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In all countries of the European Union and European Economic Area, men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections including gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and hepatitis B and C. In several countries in the region, the incidence of these infections has increased among MSM, in some cases markedly, over the last decade. There is evidence that services to prevent, diagnose and treat infections are not being delivered at the appropriate scale to impact on transmission patterns. Based on a systematic review of the literature and expert opinion, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control suggests that there is good evidence to ensure that the following key components are considered for inclusion in national and sub-national public health programmes in countries in Europe.^The evidence indicates that these services and interventions can effectively prevent and reduce HIV and STI transmission among MSM, address the needs of MSM who are living with HIV, as well as promote sexual health among all MSM. 1. Vaccinations: Promote and deliver vaccination to protect against hepatitis A and B. Consider vaccination for human papilloma virus (HPV). 2. Condoms: Provide easily accessible condoms and condom-compatible lubricants and promote their effective use. 3. HIV and STI testing: Provide voluntary and confidential HIV and STI counselling and testing via a variety of modalities that are easy to access for the target group. Voluntary partner referral can support the early diagnosis and treatment of contacts. 4. Treatment: Timely provision of treatment for HIV, viral hepatitis and STI should be ensured. Preventive benefits of treatment are significant. 5.^Health promotion: Provide accurate and accessible information that enables men to understand and assess sexual health-related risks and prevention efficacy, and that promotes awareness of one's own HIV and STI status. 6. MSM-competent health services: MSM-competent points of care offering a comprehensive sexual health programme including health promotion, counselling, peer support, prevention, adequate diagnostics and treatment will increase service uptake. Ensure target group involvement and training for providers on how to offer comprehensive care for MSM. 7. Targeted care for MSM living with HIV: Provide antiretroviral treatment for HIV and vaccination; regular STI screening using adequate diagnostics; treatment for STIs; individual counselling, sexual health promotion and peer-support groups for men living with HIV.^Prevention services for MSM should be targeted following the analysis of relevant and reliable epidemiological data, so that services are directed at the appropriate scale to those geographical and risk populations most at risk of HIV and STI infection. Combinations of the suggested key interventions should be offered to MSM in order to achieve synergy and the highest levels of effectiveness. Prevention needs and preferences of MSM vary across and within country settings, by individual and over time. Offering and implementing prevention packages in collaboration with the target group, or where appropriate, by the target group, is crucial to the success of national and sub-national prevention programmes. As many countries in Europe experience constrained public health budgets, it is more important than ever to implement targeted and evidence-based measures that address the groups most affected by the HIV epidemic as well as those most at-risk for disease acquisition and transmission.^The promotion of sexual health using positive messages framed in an empowering environment in relation to individual needs, will ensure greater effectiveness of the prevention efforts resulting in increased sexual health and reduced new infections of HIV and other STI in Europe.
Book Synopsis The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers by : Deanna Kerrigan
Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers written by Deanna Kerrigan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global economic analysis of HIV infection amongst sex workers, finding that evidence based and rights affirming interventions are not implemented to the level that their efficacy warrants, and that doing so at scale would be cost effective and deliver significant returns on investment.
