Principles Of Planology

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Principles of Planology

Author : JM de Casseres
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317616065
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Planology by : JM de Casseres

Download or read book Principles of Planology written by JM de Casseres and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the World Wars the talent of Dutch town planner J.M. de Casseres (1902-1990) found expression in two visionary books and a clutch of influential articles. In an in-depth article published in February 1929 in the magazine De Gids under the title 'Grondslagen der planologie' (Principles of Planology) he invented a term for the new social-scientific discipline that would eventually enter the Dutch language. De Casseres made it his life's work to elevate the art and craft of town planning to academic status, classifying the international planning body of knowledge and making it accessible and applicable. The results of this internationally supported body of knowledge are reflected not only in de Casseres's publications but also in a string of urban design proposals for towns across the Netherlands. This republication of the De Gids article alongside five other influential de Casseres articles in translation and their original Dutch language form brings this key thinker into reach for a wider research audience.

The Planning Moment

Author : Sarah Blacker
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 153150664X
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Planning Moment by : Sarah Blacker

Download or read book The Planning Moment written by Sarah Blacker and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2024-05-07 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empires and their aftermaths were massive planning institutions; in the past two hundred years, the natural and social sciences emerged—at least in part—as modes of knowledge production for imperial planning. Yet these connections are frequently under-emphasized in the history of science and its corollary fields. The Planning Moment explores the myriad ways plans and planning practices pervade recent global history. The book is built around twenty-seven brief case studies that explore the centrality of planning in colonial and postcolonial environments, relationships, and contexts, through a range of disciplines: the history of science, science and technology studies, colonial and postcolonial studies, urban studies, and the history of knowledge. If colonialism made certain landscapes, populations, and institutions legible while obscuring others, The Planning Moment reveals the frequently disruptive and violent processes of erasure in imperial planning by examining how “common sense” was produced and how the intransigence of planning persists long after decolonization. In recognizing the resistance and subversion that often met colonial plans, the book makes visible a range of strategies and techniques by which planning was modified and reappropriated, and by which decolonial futures might be imagined. Contributors: Itty Abraham, Benjamin Allen, Sarah Blacker, Emily Brownell, Lino Camprubí, John DiMoia, Mona Fawaz, Lilly Irani, Chihyung Jeon, Robert Kett, Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach, Karen McAllister, Laura Mitchell, Gregg Mitman, Aaron Moore (†), Nada Moumtaz, Tahani Nadim, Anindita Nag, Raúl Necochea López, Tamar Novick, Benjamin Peters, Juno Salazar Parreñas, Martina Schlünder, Sarah Van Beurden, Helen Verran, Ana Carolina Vimieiro Gomes, Alexandra Widmer, and Alden Young

Environmental Planning in the Netherlands: Too Good to be True

Author : Gert de Roo
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351939556
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Planning in the Netherlands: Too Good to be True by : Gert de Roo

Download or read book Environmental Planning in the Netherlands: Too Good to be True written by Gert de Roo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Netherlands is one of the most prominent and innovative countries in the field of environmental planning. Over the past decade, its government has introduced such ground-breaking schemes as Integrated Environmental Zoning, the City-Environment Project, the Bubble Concept and Policy Concepts and new approaches to coping with noise, odours, soil pollution, air pollution and safety issues. These initiatives and policy tools reflect a rapidly changing and decentralising environmental policy, which contrasts with more conventional environmental ideologies. However, at present little is known of these policies in the international arena. De Roo shows how and why, in recent years, the country's planning system has moved away from its traditional 'top-down' structure. The resulting changes have had far-reaching consequences for the traditional principles of Dutch environmental policy. In addition, measures for compensating excessive environmental loads are now open to discussion and environmental quality is a subject of negotiation among stakeholders. All these developments mean that environmental policy-making has become more closely integrated with local initiatives that focus on general location-specific qualities. In this book, this development is referred to as 'tailor-made comprehensive planning', which relates closely to the local context, is area-specific, situation-dependent, and embraces shared governance.

Urban Planning Education

Author : Andrea I. Frank
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319559672
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Planning Education by : Andrea I. Frank

Download or read book Urban Planning Education written by Andrea I. Frank and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines planning education provision and approaches globally, through a comparative and longitudinal perspective. It explores the emergence of planning education in the 20th century, with its rich variation and yet a remarkable degree of cross-fertilization. Each of the sections of the book is framed by an overview essay which has been prepared by the editors to provide the reader with a critical exposure to relevant scholarship drawing on the detailed case studies and exploratory essays on key issues in planning education. The first part of this volume focuses on the emergence of planning education programs in the twentieth century as a way to understand the current planning education environment. Then we explore how education in urban, regional and spatial planning has developed in different ways in different countries and continents. The final part of this volume aims to envision how planning can adapt and develop to remain relevant to the development of human environments in the 21st century. Urban planning education has become a pervasive practice throughout the world as urbanization and development pressures have increased over the past half century, and as demand increased for professional trained experts to guide those processes. The approaches vary widely, based in part upon the discipline from which the planning program developed as well as the context-specific challenges within the country or region where the program resides.

Town Planning for Australia

Author : George Taylor
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317609921
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Town Planning for Australia by : George Taylor

Download or read book Town Planning for Australia written by George Taylor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: George Taylor's Town Planning for Australia was the first dedicated book on the subject of urban planning published in Australia. Journalistic and ideological in style, it sets out a robust vision for a specifically Australian approach to planning and development of towns in a young country. Taylor was a controversial figure, a political activist and publisher who brought the NSW Town Planning Association into existence and played a key role in publishing and promoting planning into the 1920s.His wife Florence Taylor was the first female qualified architect and trained engineer in Australia, and an important figure in the history of planning and publishing in Australia.

The Planning of a New Town

Author : London County Council
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317521080
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis The Planning of a New Town by : London County Council

Download or read book The Planning of a New Town written by London County Council and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication of The Planning of a New Town in 1961 aroused remarkable interest. Its pages described a private new town, sponsored by the London County Council (LCC), to be built at Hook in Hampshire; a scheme that innovatively combined Garden City/New Town traditions with sensitivity to modern design. At its heart lay a multilevel and megastructural town centre intended to serve as a genuine focus for the gathering community, featuring shops and amenities placed on a pedestrian deck with cars and servicing beneath. The report itself proved extremely popular even though the New Town had fallen foul of political opposition at local and national levels and had been abandoned before any construction took place. It offers an insight into the flux of ideas that surrounded New Town development in the early 1960s. Analysing the world as it might have been not only identifies choices that were once available for shaping the built environment, it also often reveals once-cherished hopes and aspirations about how people might live in cities.

New Ideals in the Planning of Cities, Towns and Villages

Author : John Nolen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317620380
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis New Ideals in the Planning of Cities, Towns and Villages by : John Nolen

Download or read book New Ideals in the Planning of Cities, Towns and Villages written by John Nolen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Nolen’s New Ideals in the Planning of Cities, Towns, and Villages is the most thorough assessment of city planning written by an American practitioner before 1920. It records the interplay of urban reform in Europe and the United States, the rise of the planning expert, the design of new towns, and the technique for directing urban expansion on systematic lines. Most important, it documents the blueprint for investing the "peace dividend" of the Great War to make urban life "more fit for democracy". Written for men fighting to make the world safe for democracy, New Ideals revealed how the domestic part of the peace program could justify their sacrifice. The wartime housing initiative had improved the living conditions of industrial workers and the same public regulation and control of the layout and character of residential neighbourhoods could provide what "men of service expect to find on their return, a new and better type of workman’s home." While New Ideals strained towards the utopian, experience tempered Nolen’s expectations and the high aims of the book were not immediately realised in a post-war society seeking a return to pre-war normalcy. However in the last decade, Nolen’s planned communities have been closely studied as the demand for pedestrian-oriented neighbourhoods set on sustainable lines has moved from novelty to policy. New Ideals is an important text not only for its design template, but also its aspirations. Nolen’s call to "make cites that will serve the needs--physical, economic, and spiritual-- of all people" lays at the heart of the city planning profession and the lessons Nolen imparted inform a new generation planning cities to be both resilient and just.

The Condition, Improvement and Town Planning of the City of Calcutta and Contiguous Areas

Author : E. P. Richards
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317616995
Total Pages : 565 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis The Condition, Improvement and Town Planning of the City of Calcutta and Contiguous Areas by : E. P. Richards

Download or read book The Condition, Improvement and Town Planning of the City of Calcutta and Contiguous Areas written by E. P. Richards and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 1900 the British had undertaken various types of urban planning in their colonial territories, but the early twentieth century brought new ideas and the birth of the modern planning movement. In India these new planning ideas inspired several specialized reports after 1900, most of which drew explicitly on British, or occasionally German, ideas. The most complete of these studies was the Richards Report on Calcutta, prepared for the Calcutta Improvement Trust and published in 1914. Its major concerns included the building and widening of roads, slum clearance and improvement, legislation, and suburban planning. As background, it included written and visual documentation of living conditions, through charts, photographs, and maps. Richards emphasized that conditions in Calcutta differed greatly from those in urban Britain, and made some allowance in that regard. In general, however, his report exemplifies the attempt by British planners, along with Indian elites, to impose their vision on colonial cities. Richards’ report was well-received by leading British planners of the day. A notice in Garden Cities and Town Planning claimed that it was "the most complete report on town conditions and possibilities which has yet been issued". While the immediate impact of the report in Calcutta is moot - Richards was highly critical of the past practices of local officials, and his views were unpopular with his superiors - the Richards Reports remains a crucial insight into both the development of modern town planning and the colonial period in India.

Town Planning towards City Development

Author : Patrick Geddes
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317646754
Total Pages : 811 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Town Planning towards City Development by : Patrick Geddes

Download or read book Town Planning towards City Development written by Patrick Geddes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patrick Geddes is one of the most important figures in planning history, variously presented as an inspiration to regional planning, environmental planning and sustainability, grass-roots planning, citizen democracy, historic preservation, neighbourhood upgrading, university–community partnership, lifelong learning, and co-operative housing. Though well-known and often praised by planning historians, his scholarship extended across a much broader range of disciplines, with extensive publication on biology and on civics, and significant contributions to sociology, economics, geography, education, and the arts and humanities. With the exception of his plan of Dunfermline, published in 1904, his plans are very hard to find. Most of his plans were prepared in India between 1915 and 1923, but beyond brief extracts from four of them included by Jaqueline Tyrwhitt in the book Patrick Geddes in India, they are very difficult to obtain. Some are lost altogether and the remainder are available in a handful of libraries, often held in Archives. Of all the plans prepared after Dunfermline, the most extensive is for the city of Indore, originally published in two volumes that combine a comprehensive scheme for the urban development of the city with a detailed plan for the proposed University of Central India.

Handbook on Transport and Land Use

Author : João de Abreu e Silva
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800370253
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook on Transport and Land Use by : João de Abreu e Silva

Download or read book Handbook on Transport and Land Use written by João de Abreu e Silva and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing current understandings on the relationship between transport and land use, this timely Handbook proposes an agenda for research and practice that leads toward more human-centered communities within an increasingly urbanized world facing rapid technological change. Chapters explore the role of institutional policies and informal cultural contexts in influencing transport and land use systems, before examining the impacts of transportation and land use decisions across multiple areas, including equity, public health, climate, environment, and lifestyle preferences.

Moscow in the Making

Author : Ernest Simon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317609824
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Moscow in the Making by : Ernest Simon

Download or read book Moscow in the Making written by Ernest Simon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, published in 1937, reported on a four week visit to Moscow in 1936 to study the making of Moscow as a showpiece Soviet capital. At its core was the 1935 General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow but the book was a study of planning in the Soviet rather than the Western sense. Thus it covered many aspects of the city’s social and economic life including industry and finance, education and housing production as well as governance and town planning. Much first hand detail is included, based on the visit and the authors’ meetings with Soviet officials and citizens that illustrate various points, usually in praise. The book made a significant contribution towards the growing arguments in 1930s Britain and other parts of the Anglophone world for a bolder, more comprehensive and more state-led approach to planning. In turn these arguments had an important impact in shaping the policies adopted in the 1940s.

Traffic in Towns

Author : Colin Buchanan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317434420
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Traffic in Towns by : Colin Buchanan

Download or read book Traffic in Towns written by Colin Buchanan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic in Towns, also known as the Buchanan Report, is regarded as one of the most influential planning documents of the twentieth century. The report reflected mounting concern about the impact on Britain’s towns and cities of rapid growth in the ownership and use of motor vehicles. Its purpose was to evaluate policy options for reducing the threat of traffic congestion to urban circulation and quality of life. Two main conclusions were drawn from the report: firstly, the need for large-scale reconstruction to make Britain’s cities fit for the ‘motor age’, including split-level megastructures and urban motorways; and secondly, the simultaneous need to preserve parts of the city, especially residential areas as car-free zones or ‘environmental areas’. In Britain, successive governments drew back from implementing the full recommendations of the Study Group, despite initial cross-party support. The prohibitive cost of city-centre redevelopment and motorway construction meant a ‘comprehensive’ solution to the problem of urban traffic on Buchanan lines was never attempted. However, local authorities in a variety of British cities, such as Glasgow, Leicester and Leeds took up aspects of the Report. Internationally, too, the Report had a major impact in countries such as Sweden, Italy and Australia. In the longer term, the influence of the Report may be best judged by the incremental changes it set in train such as pedestrianization of city centres, traffic calming, and other measures linked to Buchanan’s concept of ‘environmental areas’. In focusing attention on the effects of mass motorization on the urban environment Traffic in Towns set the terms of debate for a generation, pre-figuring recent discussion about the car and urban sustainability.

Europe Rehoused

Author : Elizabeth Denby
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317617568
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Europe Rehoused by : Elizabeth Denby

Download or read book Europe Rehoused written by Elizabeth Denby and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe Rehoused was one of the most influential housing texts of the 1930s, and is still widely cited. Written by the housing consultant Elizabeth Denby (1894-1965) it offered a survey of the nearly two decades of social housing built across Europe since the end of World War One, with the aim of informing British policy makers; as a reviewer declared ‘it has a decidedly propagandist flavour’. Denby was a leading figure in housing debates in the 1930s. Adopting a line in sharp critique of what she saw as the entirely materialist approach of state housing policy, Denby advocated the incorporation of social amenities alongside well-designed and equipped flats and houses, ideally sited within urban areas; by the late 1930s she was a pioneering advocate of the concept of mixed development. Europe Rehoused is divided into two parts. The first considered the origins of the housing problem of the inter-war decades, which Denby dated to the onset of the Industrial Revolution. She then examined the various national factors which influenced the problem: climate, post-war economy and the nature of land ownership. Finally she discussed the financial aspect: the bodies responsible for house building and the nature of the subsidies available for building. This was very much a schematic survey and the second, and largest, part of the book was devoted to individual studies of European practice, and discussed ‘two winners in the War, two losers and two neutrals’: Sweden, Holland, Germany, Vienna, Italy and France. This section was completed with a concluding chapter in which she compared continental work with the British system, and the lessons that could be learnt in this country from abroad. Although Denby’s book was not the only one of its sort, its importance lies in its polemical nature and its advocacy of a rehousing policy which would become widely adopted after WWII. Significant too, is that the book is the voice of a woman who had assumed a significant status as a housing expert in the inter-war decades; Walter Gropius, who wrote the introduction to the US edition of the book observed that the book ‘carried the weight of perfect expertness.’ Such voices have for too long been overlooked, yet Denby was formed part of a very strong tradition of women reformers who worked to re-shape the inter-war and post-war British built environment.

Urban Transformations and the Architecture of Additions

Author : Rodrigo Perez de Arce
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317621220
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Transformations and the Architecture of Additions by : Rodrigo Perez de Arce

Download or read book Urban Transformations and the Architecture of Additions written by Rodrigo Perez de Arce and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rodrigo Perez de Arce's essay Urban Transformations and Architectural Additions was published during the formative stages of Post Modernism, at the point where theory was becoming seriously established. Jencks' first essays formalising the term Post Modernism in architecture and the revised Learning from Las Vegas were published the previous year. In planning terms, modernism had become associated with comprehensive redevelopment and forms of urban organisation that ignored context, history and any sense of tradition. De Arce considered the essential nature of buildings and the richness of historic urban form and explored how robust that essence was over time. He looked at the value of essential remnants and rich complexities in maintaining a sense of continuity and relevance. Having explored the adaptation process in history, de Arce went on to see how such a process might be simulated in contemporary cities with modern buildings, using additions and layers to change them from objects in infinite windswept space to being part of a rich urban fabric which described urban place. To do this he used concrete examples; housing schemes by James Stirling, new government centres in Chandigrah and Dacca and more prosaic 60's housing blocks. The paper had a fundamental influence on the way that architects and planners thought about the nature of cities: as dynamic organisms that were tangible to human beings, completely opposite to the systems thinking of the time. It contributed to ideas about the importance of street, place and city block which influenced so much recent regeneration practice. As we enter a phase of development where the reuse and adaptation of existing buildings is becoming paramount from both an economic and sustainable point of view, Perez de Arce's paper gives important insights into how to think about the process positively.

Manual de Urbanismo (Bogota, 1939)

Author : Karl Brunner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317366131
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Manual de Urbanismo (Bogota, 1939) by : Karl Brunner

Download or read book Manual de Urbanismo (Bogota, 1939) written by Karl Brunner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike European countries where the consolidation of town planning was based on legislative reforms, Latin America’s urbanismo mainly stemmed from urban plans for national capitals and metropolises. Austrian academic and planner Karl Brunner was hired in Chile, Colombia and Panama from the late 1920s to advise in the professional and academic domains, marking a shift from the so-called École Française d’Urbanisme (EFU) of Haussmannesque descent towards the Austrian-German Städtebau, While coordinating the municipal office and plan for Bogotá, Brunner translated his Manual de Urbanismo – the first textbook published in Latin America about the new discipline and the first to incorporate examples from local cities. Based on his 1924 course at Vienna’s National Faculty of Architecture Brunner’s Manual emphasized the ‘scientific system’ of the discipline. Brunner was the most influential figure of his time in the urban planning of the region, but has become overshadowed by Le Corbusier's and CIAM’s prevailing influence after the Second World War. Complete with a supporting introduction written by Arturo Almandoz, this volume includes the full copy of the original Manual de Urbanismo with an English translation of the synthesis. Further materials, including an extract of Karl Brunner's "Problemas actuales de urbanización" and an accompanying English translation of the text can be accessed at www.routledge.com/9781138778573

The Garden City Movement Up-To-Date

Author : Ewart Gladstone Culpin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317505913
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis The Garden City Movement Up-To-Date by : Ewart Gladstone Culpin

Download or read book The Garden City Movement Up-To-Date written by Ewart Gladstone Culpin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work was written and compiled by the then Secretary of the Garden Cities and Town Planning Association in 1913. It shows just how much the conception of the garden city had been broadened from Howard’s original texts. Indeed the Association’s own name had been broadened to add the newly emergent practice and theory of town planning to the original focus. Alongside the garden city, recognition is now given to the burgeoning numbers of garden suburbs and garden villages. Many examples of these are identified and briefly described, including many which are small and now little known, greatly adding to the interest of the publication. Even the underlying arguments for such developments differ. Alongside the more altruistic arguments in favour of reform, there are now those which explicitly emphasise the need to ensure a healthy race to maintain the Empire.

The Boston Contest of 1944

Author : Jeffry M. Diefendorf
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317506081
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis The Boston Contest of 1944 by : Jeffry M. Diefendorf

Download or read book The Boston Contest of 1944 written by Jeffry M. Diefendorf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During World War II, many European government authorities and planners believed that the damage caused by bombing constituted a great opportunity to transform their cities. Even as the fighting continued, a great many plans were drawn up, and this has been the subject of much scholarship. However, what is often overlooked is wartime planning in cities not damaged in the war. United States cities were not bombed, but in Boston, one of its leading cities, the last years of the war brought a major effort to encourage both new plans to modernize the city and also means of implementing those plans. The wartime initiative to transform Boston had several sources. Both the Great Depression and the war had led to major measures by the federal government to try to deal with fiscal challenges and the need for new housing for the many people who relocated during the war because of the creation of new industries to help the war effort. Boston hoped it could benefit from these measures. Moreover, in the late 1930s, Harvard University had become a key residence for figures important in modernist planning, including Joseph Hudnut, Walter Gropius and Martin Wagner. These factors combined in 1944 to inspire what was called The Boston Contest. Its goal was to suggest solutions to many problems found in the metropolitan area. These issues included commercial and industrial developments, housing, transportation, education, recreation, welfare, urban finances, metropolitan government, and citizen participation in solving problems. This book, published in 1945 contains the top 3 prize winning entries and excerpts from 9 of the other nearly 100 entries. It gives a fascinating insight into the developing ideas of urban planning in the United States at a critical juncture.