Primordialization

Download Primordialization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781581126662
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (266 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Primordialization by : Mirabotalib Kazemie

Download or read book Primordialization written by Mirabotalib Kazemie and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We know that each biological organism has the potential for variation. This can be seen in domestic animals and wildlife. However, neither fossils nor other data available from molecular and developmental biology demonstrate sufficiently that this potential is the reason for emergence of new biological organisms. This book presents a new theory which shows that biological organisms, despite variations, have a distinct basic form which is established through a process called "primordialization". Primordialization theory differs from traditional theories of biological diversity by suggesting that the ability of living organisms to evolve occurs only within the boundaries of their basic forms designs. Proteins that do not tolerate changes in their sequences determine these forms. Shifts in the arrangement of these proteins in some specific cells produce new design programs. A cell with a new design program becomes primordial cell, which can then develop into a new biological organism. The book is written for scientists, students, and laymen who are interested in a new explanation of how biological evolution works. This work explains, for instance, why humans and apes are so different when so few differences among their protein molecules exist. The author of this book assumes that there are a number of important questions in biology and medicine that are still waiting for answers. One of those questions is related to the designs of biological organisms. How is it possible that many living organisms despite sharing similar regulative systems during their embryonic development and having similar structural proteins differ from each other morphologically, physiologically and behaviorally? A question for which at the molecular level seemingly no satisfactory answer as yet has been found. The other questions are: Is adaptability an active or a passive process? How exactly new living organisms emerge? How instincts develop? How learning faculties and behavior in metazoan develop? Can we speak of protein intelligence ? To provide answers to these questions, he describes in this book for the first time a comprehensive biological theory that he believes to be able to show that the design, behavior, and functions of a biological organism is determined by a regulative program that is encoded by some invariant proteins. He calls this design determining program primordial program . Every biological form has its own specific primordial program; they acquire this program through a process which he name it primordialization . Unlike many other proteins, the proteins that are part of the primordial programs cannot tolerate mutations. Alteration of any of the proteins involved in a primordial program leads to its destabilization. This can occur in an egg cell, in a cell in the very early stage of an egg cell s development, and in a somatic cell. While the first two occasions end lethal, destabilization of a primordial program in a somatic cell can turn that cell into a cancer cell. The author believes that in the light of the primordialization theory the issues of adaptability and variability of the living organisms will be better understood. They are defined as innate potentials in living organisms that serve not only their survival, but also the integrity of their identities. As the reader will recognize, the theory of primordialization takes also a reasonable approach to help differentiate for the first time between the mechanisms which are involved in development and those which are in charge of biological diversity. Regarding protein intelligence , he considers this as the supreme kind of intelligence and the basis of cellular intelligence, which in its turn is paramount for the development of instincts, learning faculties, and behaviour in metazoan.

History, Power, and Identity

Download History, Power, and Identity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Iowa Press
ISBN 13 : 9780877455479
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (554 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis History, Power, and Identity by : Jonathan D. Hill

Download or read book History, Power, and Identity written by Jonathan D. Hill and published by University of Iowa Press. This book was released on 1996-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays on indigenous South and North American and Afro-American peoples in periods ranging from early colonial times to the present, illustrating the historical emergence of peoples who define themselves in relation to a sociocultural and linguistic heritage. Demonstrates that ethnogenesis can serve as an analytical tool for developing critical historical approaches to culture as an ongoing process of struggle over a people's existence within a general history of domination. Paper edition (unseen), $15.95. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The Designs of Biological Forms, Development, and Initiation of Cancer

Download The Designs of Biological Forms, Development, and Initiation of Cancer PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1449010512
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (49 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Designs of Biological Forms, Development, and Initiation of Cancer by : Mirabotalib Kazemie

Download or read book The Designs of Biological Forms, Development, and Initiation of Cancer written by Mirabotalib Kazemie and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2009 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking at the uniqueness of each biological form, I assume that the designs of a biological form must be determined by a regulative system coded by certain groups of invariant proteins. The mechanism in charge of combining these proteins in specific patterns to produce design programs I call primordialization. A design program determines the design and the layout of the structures of the organism during its embryonic development. The patterns of proteins' combinations in primordial programs cannot be shifted one into another by environmental factors. If the amino acid sequence of any of the participating proteins is altered, the design program will obliterate. In case such an alteration happens inside an egg cell, one of the two possibilities is expected to occur. Either the affected cell is no longer viable and dies out, or develops into a creature with indistinct body design. Alteration of the proteins involved in a design program can occur also at any time during an organism's development and later. In such situations the affected cells can turn into a cancer cell

Coping with Evil in Religion and Culture

Download Coping with Evil in Religion and Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rodopi
ISBN 13 : 9042023376
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Coping with Evil in Religion and Culture by : Lourens Minnema

Download or read book Coping with Evil in Religion and Culture written by Lourens Minnema and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2008 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kwabena ASAMOAH-GYADU: Conquering Satan, Demons, Principalities, and Powers: Ghanaian Traditional and Christian Perspectives on Religion, Evil,

Ethnicity

Download Ethnicity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745658431
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ethnicity by : Steve Fenton

Download or read book Ethnicity written by Steve Fenton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this extensively revised edition, Steve Fenton updates his concise and accessible introduction to ethnicity, drawing on new published work and recent social and historical changes. Discussing an extended range of theorists and illustrations from around the world, Fenton explores and clarifies the core meanings and the shifting ground of this contested concept. More space is given to ideas of 'threat' and 'competition' in conceptualizing ethnicity, as well as to recent issues in migration, especially increased migration to the US from Central and South America. Fenton situates ethnic identities and interest in the changing modern world, and seeks to explain the contemporary conditions of delineation along ethnic and racial lines. Without assuming the centrality of ethnic difference, this book asks: Does it matter? When does it matter? Is it as important as many have assumed? The second edition of Fenton's highly regarded Ethnicity will continue to be an invaluable text for students of sociology, politics and international relations coming to the subject for the first time. Its innovative and challenging approach will also appeal to more advanced scholars of race and ethnicity.

The Civil Sphere

Download The Civil Sphere PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199708959
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Civil Sphere by : Jeffrey C. Alexander

Download or read book The Civil Sphere written by Jeffrey C. Alexander and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-08 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What binds societies together and how can these social orders be structured in a fair way? Jeffrey C. Alexander's masterful work, The Civil Sphere, addresses this central paradox of modern life. Feelings for others--the solidarity that is ignored or underplayed by theories of power or self-interest--are at the heart of this novel inquiry into the meeting place between normative theories of what we think we should do and empirical studies of who we actually are. Solidarity, Alexander demonstrates, creates inclusive and exclusive social structures and shows how they can be repaired. It is not perfect, it is not absolute, and the horrors which occur in its lapses have been seen all too frequently in the forms of discrimination, genocide, and war. Despite its worldly flaws and contradictions, however, solidarity and the project of civil society remain our best hope: the antidote to every divisive institution, every unfair distribution, every abusive and dominating hierarchy. This grand, sweeping statement and rigorous empirical investigation is a major contribution to our thinking about the real but ideal world in which we all reside.

The Peace In Between

Download The Peace In Between PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136671935
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Peace In Between by : Astri Suhrke

Download or read book The Peace In Between written by Astri Suhrke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the causes and purposes of 'post-conflict' violence. The end of a war is generally expected to be followed by an end to collective violence, as the term ‘post-conflict’ that came into general usage in the 1990s signifies. In reality, however, various forms of deadly violence continue, and sometimes even increase after the big guns have been silenced and a peace agreement signed. Explanations for this and other kinds of violence fall roughly into two broad categories – those that stress the legacies of the war and those that focus on the conditions of the peace. There are significant gaps in the literature, most importantly arising from the common premise that there is one, predominant type of post-war situation. This ‘post-war state’ is often endowed with certain generic features that predispose it towards violence, such as a weak state, criminal elements generated by the war-time economy, demobilized but not demilitarized or reintegrated ex-combatants, impunity and rapid liberalization. The premise of this volume differs. It argues that features which constrain or encourage violence stack up in ways to create distinct and different types of post-war environments. Critical factors that shape the post-war environment in this respect lie in the war-to-peace transition itself, above all the outcome of the war in terms of military and political power and its relationship to social hierarchies of power, normative understandings of the post-war order, and the international context. This book will of much interest to students of war and conflict studies, peacebuilding and IR/Security Studies in general.

European Citizenship : National Legacies and Transnational Projects

Download European Citizenship : National Legacies and Transnational Projects PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191590967
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis European Citizenship : National Legacies and Transnational Projects by : Klaus Eder

Download or read book European Citizenship : National Legacies and Transnational Projects written by Klaus Eder and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-02-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there a common ground on which a European citizenship can be constructed? This volume looks at four foundations of citizenship in Europe: the legacy of national identities, current designs and projects for social and political citizenship in Europe, a transitional public space as the basis of an active European Citizenship in Europe, and a transitional collective identity as a symbolic boundary marker for European citizenship. Such options raise the theoretical question of how to conceive citizenship in a transnationalizing world. Since the idea of European citizenship cannot escape the problem of defining who is a European citizen and who is not, the theoretical problem is tackled by defining the collective bonds of European citizens beyond primordial or traditional bonds that have dominated European history.

Demons and Development

Download Demons and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816516391
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (163 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Demons and Development by : James Brow

Download or read book Demons and Development written by James Brow and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1996-10 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contemporary Sri Lanka, long-established modes of rural life are being disrupted in the name of progress. As this occurs, instances of "demonic possession" have been known to take placeÑincidents that may both express the conflicts that result and attempt to resolve them. When residents of the village of Kukulewa were promised sixty new houses, a factional rift arose between those who benefited from the project and those who did not. The breach between what became in effect two separate villages resulted in both divisive accusations of sorcery and spirit-inspired appeals for cooperation. James Brow witnessed these possession trances and sorcery accusations as they occurred, enabling him to convey this richly textured story interweaving political factionalism and troubled spirits. Official projects of development have proceeded apace in Sri Lanka, but until now there have been few accounts of their tendency to tear apart the fabric of rural society. Demons and Development combines an engaging narrative of how development was experienced in one particular village with an original contribution to theories of hegemony, the social anthropology of South Asia, the ethnography of nationalism, and the sociology of development.

The Dao of Translation

Download The Dao of Translation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317539826
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Dao of Translation by : Douglas Robinson

Download or read book The Dao of Translation written by Douglas Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dao of Translation sets up an East-West dialogue on the nature of language and translation, and specifically on the "unknown forces" that shape the act of translation. To that end it mobilizes two radically different readings of the Daodejing (formerly romanized as the Tao Te Ching): the traditional "mystical" reading according to which the Dao is a mysterious force that cannot be known, and a more recent reading put forward by Sinologists Roger T. Ames and David L. Hall, to the effect that the Dao is simply the way things happen. Key to Ames and Hall’s reading is that what makes the Dao seem both powerful and mysterious is that it channels habit into action—or what the author calls social ecologies, or icoses. The author puts Daoism (and ancient Confucianism) into dialogue with nineteenth-century Western theorists of the sign, Charles Sanders Peirce and Ferdinand de Saussure (and their followers), in order to develop an "icotic" understanding of the tensions between habit and surprise in the activity of translating. The Dao of Translation will interest linguists and translation scholars. This book will also engage researchers of ancient Chinese philosophy and provide Western scholars with a thought-provoking cross-examination of Eastern and Western perspectives.

Democratic Transition in the Middle East

Download Democratic Transition in the Middle East PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415505674
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Democratic Transition in the Middle East by : Larbi Sadiki

Download or read book Democratic Transition in the Middle East written by Larbi Sadiki and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is framed with a view to discussing the politics of democratic transition by re-assessing power politics critically, and from an original angle. Specifically, this original angle examines the diverse attempts below the state level to carve out a space for democratic struggle in the Arab Middle East (AME). This space is hypothesized in this manuscript in terms of a democratic faragh or void (Sadiki, 2004) by relative state retreat/absence and society advancement/presence.

Between Muslim and Jew

Download Between Muslim and Jew PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400864135
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Between Muslim and Jew by : Steven M. Wasserstrom

Download or read book Between Muslim and Jew written by Steven M. Wasserstrom and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steven Wasserstrom undertakes a detailed analysis of the "creative symbiosis" that existed between Jewish and Muslim religious thought in the eighth through tenth centuries. Wasserstrom brings the disciplinary approaches of religious studies to bear on questions that have been examined previously by historians and by specialists in Judaism and Islam. His thematic approach provides an example of how difficult questions of influence might be opened up for broader examination. In Part I, "Trajectories," the author explores early Jewish-Muslim interactions, studying such areas as messianism, professions, authority, and class structure and showing how they were reshaped during the first centuries of Islam. Part II, "Constructions," looks at influences of Judaism on the development of the emerging Shi'ite community. This is tied to the wider issue of how early Muslims conceptualized "the Jew." In Part III, "Intimacies," the author tackles the complex "esoteric symbiosis" between Muslim and Jewish theologies. An investigation of the milieu in which Jews and Muslims interacted sheds new light on their shared religious imaginings. Throughout, Wasserstrom expands on the work of social and political historians to include symbolic and conceptual aspects of interreligious symbiosis. This book will interest scholars of Judaism and Islam, as well as those who are attracted by the larger issues exposed by its methodology. Originally published in 1995. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in China

Download The Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113663374X
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in China by : Dan Smyer Yu

Download or read book The Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in China written by Dan Smyer Yu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on contemporary Tibetan Buddhist revivals in the Tibetan regions of the Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces in China, this book explores the intricate entanglements of the Buddhist revivals with cultural identity, state ideology, and popular imagination of Tibetan Buddhist spirituality in contemporary China. In turn, the author explores the broader socio-cultural implications of such revivals. Based on detailed cross-regional ethnographic work, the book demonstrates that the revival of Tibetan Buddhism in contemporary China is intimately bound with both the affirming and negating forces of globalization, modernity, and politics of religion, indigenous identity reclamation, and the market economy. The analysis highlights the multidimensionality of Tibetan Buddhism in relation to different religious, cultural, and political constituencies of China. By recognizing the greater contexts of China’s politics of religion and of the global status of Tibetan Buddhism, this book presents an argument that the revival of Tibetan Buddhism is not an isolated event limited merely to Tibetan regions; instead, it is a result of the intersection of both local and global transformative changes. The book is a useful contribution to students and scholars of Asian religion and Chinese studies.

The Nordic Civil Sphere

Download The Nordic Civil Sphere PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509538852
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Nordic Civil Sphere by : Jeffrey C. Alexander

Download or read book The Nordic Civil Sphere written by Jeffrey C. Alexander and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil sphere is a distinctively democratic field in modern societies, one that sustains universalizing cultural aspirations and organizational structures and that has tense and uncertain boundaries with other spheres of social life, like the economy, religion, family, and state. Unlike the latter, which are more particularistic and hierarchical in character, the civil sphere defines itself in terms of solidarity – the feeling of being connected with every other person in the collectivity. The utopian ideals of democratic solidarity shape every modern society, even if they are often compromised by the messy realities of social life. This volume uses the theory of the civil sphere to shed new light on Nordic societies, while at the same time drawing on the distinctive experiences of the Nordic nations to reflect on and advance the theory of the civil sphere. Nordic societies have long been admired for creating a distinctive form of social democracy, but this admirable achievement has not been well conceptualized theoretically. Most attempts to explain Nordic social democracy focus on material and organizational factors. This volume, by contrast, emphasizes the cultural foundations and characteristics of social democracy, demonstrating how civil sensibilities are necessary for the creation of an egalitarian and democratic state. Nordic civil spheres, however, are not only pro-civil but also white in color, European in ethnicity, secular in character and gender-equal in a subtly restrictive manner. Such primordialization of state civility is vividly on display in the sometime tense relationships that develop among natives and “foreigners” in Nordic countries, relationships that expose the primordial undersides of the social democratic codes and civil values that constitute the Nordic civil sphere. A major contribution to the theory of the civil sphere and to our understanding of the cultural and normative underpinnings of social and political life, this volume will be of particular interest to students and scholars of sociology and politics.

Existence of Design Codes in Living Organisms

Download Existence of Design Codes in Living Organisms PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1481753851
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (817 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Existence of Design Codes in Living Organisms by : Mirabotalib Kazemie

Download or read book Existence of Design Codes in Living Organisms written by Mirabotalib Kazemie and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Design of Biological organisms (forms) are determined by design codes. They are made by invariant proteins. The codes control all regulative processes that are involved in development and differentiation. All structural and functional aspects of a developed organism, the patterns of its reproduction, behavior and the potentials need it for its adaptation are determined by its design code. Design codes cannot tolerate mutations, thus no biological organism can be transformed into another. Mutation of a design code protein can lead to initiation of Cancer. New biological organisms can emerge through reprogramming of an existing design code. Design Code Theory, I hope, encourage the protein-sequence analysts to compare the sequence, the secondary, and tertiary structures of invariant protein to help establish a primary list of design code proteins.

Race and Nation

Download Race and Nation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135930597
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Race and Nation by : Paul Spickard

Download or read book Race and Nation written by Paul Spickard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-07-08 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Nation is the first book to compare the racial and ethnic systems that have developed around the world. It is the creation of nineteen scholars who are experts on locations as far-flung as China, Jamaica, Eritrea, Brazil, Germany, Punjab, and South Africa. The contributing historians, sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists, and scholars of literary and cultural studies have engaged in an ongoing conversation, honing a common set of questions that dig to the heart of racial and ethnic groups and systems. Guided by those questions, they have created the first book that explores the similarities, differences, and the relationships among the ways that race and ethnicity have worked in the modern world. In so doing they have created a model for how to write world history that is detailed in its expertise, yet also manages broad comparisons.

The Dark Side of Modernity

Download The Dark Side of Modernity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745665063
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Dark Side of Modernity by : Jeffrey C. Alexander

Download or read book The Dark Side of Modernity written by Jeffrey C. Alexander and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, one of the world’s leading social theorists presents a critical, alarmed, but also nuanced understanding of the post-traditional world we inhabit today. Jeffrey Alexander writes about modernity as historical time and social condition, but also as ideology and utopia. The idea of modernity embodies the Enlightenment’s noble hopes for progress and rationality, but its reality brings great suffering and exposes the destructive impulses that continue to motivate humankind. Alexander examines how twentieth-century theorists struggled to comprehend the Janus-faced character of modernity, which looks backward and forward at the same time. Weber linked the triumph of worldly asceticism to liberating autonomy but also ruthless domination, describing flights from rationalization as systemic and dangerous. Simmel pointed to the otherness haunting modernity, even as he normalized the stranger. Eisenstadt celebrated Axial Age transcendence, but acknowledged its increasing capacity for barbarity. Parsons heralded American community, but ignored modernity’s fragmentations. Rather than seeking to resolve modernity’s contradictions, Alexander argues that social theory should accept its Janus-faced character. It is a dangerous delusion to think that modernity can eliminate evil. Civil inclusion and anti-civil exclusion are intertwined. Alexander enumerates dangerous frictions endemic to modernity, but he also suggests new lines of social amelioration and emotional repair.