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Prescription Drug Coverage Spending Utilization And Prices
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Download or read book Report to the President written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On October 25,1999, the President directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services to study prescription drug costs and trends for Medicare beneficiaries. He asked that the study investigate: price differences for the most commonly used drugs for people with and without coverage; drug spending by people of various ages, as a percentage of income and of total health spending; and trends in drug expenditures by people of different ages, as a percentage of income and of total health spending. This report is the Department's response to that request. It represents the work of individuals and agencies throughout the Department, including the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE).
Download or read book Report to the President written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features the full text of an April 2000 government publication entitled "Report to the President: Prescription Drug Coverage, Spending, Utilization, and Prices," presented by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Discusses prescription drug coverage, the effects of prescription drug coverage on spending and utilization, and prescription drug prices.
Book Synopsis The Cost and Health Effects of Prescription Drug Coverage and Utilization in the Medicare Population by : Baoping Shang
Download or read book The Cost and Health Effects of Prescription Drug Coverage and Utilization in the Medicare Population written by Baoping Shang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 provides prescription drug coverage for virtually all seniors. The cost estimates for the Medicare prescription drug coverage are based on the expected per beneficiary utilization but do not take into account the potential offset by savings on other medical services. To estimate these savings, the author examines the effects of Medigap prescription drug benefit on elderly prescription drug spending, Medicare Part A spending, and Medicare Part B spending. It compares spending and service use for beneficiaries who have Medigap insurance, which may or may not cover prescription drugs, and uses variation in state regulations of the individual insurance market-including guaranteed issues and community rating-as instruments for prescription drug coverage. The author estimates that Medigap prescription drug coverage significantly increases drug spending by 22% and reduces Medicare Part A spending by 10613%. Medicare Part B spending is reduced by an insignificant amount. The results imply that a $1 increase in prescription drug spending is associated with $1.636$2.05 reduction in Medicare spending. The dissertation also considers the lifetime effects of anti-hypertensives on health outcomes and healthcare expenditures. The results suggest that controlling hypertension in the elderly could be very cost-effective.
Book Synopsis Prescription Drug Coverage, Spending, Utilization, and Prices by :
Download or read book Prescription Drug Coverage, Spending, Utilization, and Prices written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prescription Drug Coverage, Spending, Utilization, and Prices - Report to the President - Aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/drugstudy by :
Download or read book Prescription Drug Coverage, Spending, Utilization, and Prices - Report to the President - Aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/drugstudy written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicare beneficiaries' total spending and out of pocket spending for prescription drugs vary by type of drug coverage $178 $239 $416 $293 $384 $704 $567 $295 $498 $189 $463 No coverage Medicare HMO Medicaid Employer Medigap Other coverage Type of Prescription Drug Coverage A ve ra g e S p en d in g p er B en ef ic ia ry Insurer Spending Out-of- pocket Spending Source: Information and Methods Grou. [...] O u t- o f- p o ck et s p en d in g o n p re sc ri p ti o n d ru g s as a p ro p o rt io n o f in co m e Drugs take up a larger proportion of health spending for seniors and low-income households 16.6% 12.0% 8.5% 20.0% 18.0% 12.0% $15,000 $15,000-$40,000 $40,000 Income Under 65 65 and over Source: Office of the Actuary, Health Care Financing Administration: Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Ex. [...] P re sc ri p ti o n d ru g s as a p er ce n t o f o u t- o f- p o ck et h ea lt h s p en d in g About one sixth of low-income Medicare beneficiaries with only fee-for-service Medicare coverage did not get a needed drug because of cost 17% 8% 9% 7% 1% FFS Only Supplement Medicaid FFS Only Supplement Source: National Health Interview Survey, 1997 Income below 150% of poverty Note: Medicaid is not in. [...] Income over 150% of poverty B en ef ic ia ri es N o t G et ti n g a N ee d ed D ru g Private insurance and Medicaid have covered an increasing share of the nation's drug expenditures, but out-of-pocket spending has grown $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 $100 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 R ea l S p en d in g , 1 99 8 D o lla rs , i n B ill io n s 1998 spending: $91 billion Private Insur. [...] brand name* drugs does not vary substantially by coverage status 34% 37% 32% 36% 28% 33% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Total Medicare non-Medicare With Coverage Without Coverage U se o f G en er ic D ru g s as P er ce n t o f A ll P re sc ri p ti o n s F ill ed *Approximately four percent of drugs could not be classified as brand or generic.
Book Synopsis Prescription Drugs: Overview of Approaches to Control Prescription Drug Spending in Federal Programs by : John E. Dicken
Download or read book Prescription Drugs: Overview of Approaches to Control Prescription Drug Spending in Federal Programs written by John E. Dicken and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of individuals receive prescription drugs through fed. programs. The increasing cost of prescription drugs has put pressure to control drug spending on fed. programs such as the Fed. Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP), Medicare Part D, the VA, the DoD, and Medicaid. Prescription drug spending within the FEHBP in particular, which provides health and drug coverage to about 8 million fed. employees, retirees, and their dependents, has been a significant contributor to FEHBP cost and premium growth. This report describes approaches used by the FEHBP to control prescription drug spending and summarizes approaches used by other fed. programs. Illustrations.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Health Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Coverage of Outpatient Prescription Drugs Under Medicare Part B by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Health
Download or read book Coverage of Outpatient Prescription Drugs Under Medicare Part B written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Health and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medicare written by Laura A. Dummit and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309468086 Total Pages :235 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Making Medicines Affordable by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Book Synopsis Is Drug Coverage a Free Lunch? by : Martin Gaynor
Download or read book Is Drug Coverage a Free Lunch? written by Martin Gaynor and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Recently, many US employers have adopted less generous prescription drug benefits. In addition, the U.S. began to offer prescription drug insurance to approximately 42 million Medicare beneficiaries in 2006. We use data on individual health insurance claims and benefit data from 1997-2003 to study the effects of changing consumers' co-payments for prescription drugs on the quantity demanded and expenditure on prescription drugs, inpatient care and outpatient care. We allow for effects both in the year of the co-payment change and in the year following the change. Our results show that increases in prescription drug prices reduce both the use of and spending on prescription drugs. However, consumers substitute the use of outpatient care and inpatient care for prescription drug use, and the expenditure reductions on prescription drugs are largely offset by the increases in other spending"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Book Synopsis Closing the Medicare Part D Coverage Gap by : Joohyun Park
Download or read book Closing the Medicare Part D Coverage Gap written by Joohyun Park and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard Medicare Part D benefit structure contains a gap in coverage (or so-called "doughnut hole") which requires beneficiaries to pay 100% of the cost for prescription drugs until they reach the catastrophic coverage phase. This coverage gap has been linked to a financial burden for beneficiaries resulting in poor medication adherence and other cost-related access problems. Under the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) reform, the coverage gap has been gradually phasing out since 2011 such that beneficiaries will only pay 25% of drug costs by 2020. This study evaluated the impact of closing the coverage gap under the ACA by conducting three separate studies using data from the 2008-2015 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. Outcomes assessed included the utilization of and expenditures for prescription drugs, as well as cost-related access problems. Chapter 3 (Manuscript #1) analyzes trends in the distribution of beneficiaries in each benefit phase, prescription drug utilization, and expenditures among Part D beneficiaries not receiving the Low-Income Subsidy (LIS). After the ACA, the proportion of beneficiaries reaching the catastrophic coverage threshold increased (from 4% in 2010 to 6% in 2015), and they reached the threshold earlier in the year. The overall number of 30-day drug fills also increased after the ACA, although no significant changes in the number of 30-day drug fills were seen among those reaching the catastrophic coverage threshold. Total drug spending steadily increased after the ACA, with the largest increase seen in those reaching the catastrophic threshold; however, out-of-pocket spending significantly decreased among all beneficiaries (17% decrease in 2015 compared to 2009). Chapter 4 (Manuscript #2) evaluates the effects of the ACA coverage gap reform on drug utilization and expenditures using a difference-in-differences study design. Over the first five years after implementation of the ACA, out-of-pocket drug spending significantly decreased among non-LIS beneficiaries (treatment) relative to LIS beneficiaries (control), with growing decreases over time (average decreases of $41 in 2011 versus $135 in 2015). This was particularly noticeable among those who reached the coverage gap but not the catastrophic threshold. Despite seemingly large reductions in cost-sharing in the coverage gap, there were no significant changes in the number of 30-day drug fills and total drug spending after the ACA reform between non-LIS and LIS beneficiaries. Chapter 5 (Manuscript #3) evaluates the effects of the ACA coverage gap reform on cost-related access problems among beneficiaries using a difference-in-differences study design. Cost-related access problems were estimated by the likelihood of having cost-related nonadherence (CRN) or the adoption of drug cost-reduction strategies (CRS) by beneficiaries. Compared to LIS beneficiaries, no significant changes in CRN were seen among non-LIS beneficiaries after the ACA; furthermore, the likelihood of adopting CRS increased by 4 percentage points for non-LIS beneficiaries relative to LIS beneficiaries. Although the ACA reform has helped reduce out-of-pocket drug costs for beneficiaries by gradually reducing the beneficiary cost-sharing rate in the Part D coverage gap, the significant reduction in cost-sharing rate did not translate into an increased use of prescription drugs or resolved cost-related access problems for beneficiaries. Additionally, this study provides evidence of increased Part D spending, which has been a growing concern for the Medicare program. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence on the effects of closing the Part D coverage gap and address gaps in the limited existing literature. Overall, although the ACA decreased out-of-pocket drug costs, this study suggests additional initiatives will be needed to provide better protection against the cost of prescription drugs for Part D beneficiaries.
Download or read book Prescription for Good Health written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prescription Drug Benefit in the Medicare Program by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance
Download or read book Prescription Drug Benefit in the Medicare Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pharmaceutical R&D written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the costs, risks, and economic rewards of pharmaceutical R&D and the impact of public policy on both costs and returns. Examines the rapid increase in pharmaceutical R&D that began in the 1980s in the light of trends in science, technology, drug discovery, and health insurance coverage; Government regulation; product liability; market competition; Federal tax policy; and Federal support of prescription drug research. 12 appendices, including a glossary of terms.
Book Synopsis Greater Access to Generic Drugs by : Michelle Meadows
Download or read book Greater Access to Generic Drugs written by Michelle Meadows and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :102 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Increasing Generic Drug Utilization by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health
Download or read book Increasing Generic Drug Utilization written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rare Diseases and Orphan Products by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Rare Diseases and Orphan Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare diseases collectively affect millions of Americans of all ages, but developing drugs and medical devices to prevent, diagnose, and treat these conditions is challenging. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends implementing an integrated national strategy to promote rare diseases research and product development.
