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Predictors Of Individual Differences In Language In Youth With Down Syndrome And Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Book Synopsis Predictors of Individual Differences in Language in Youth with Down Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Manisha D. Udhnani
Download or read book Predictors of Individual Differences in Language in Youth with Down Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Manisha D. Udhnani and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Language is a major impairment in both Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and thus, has a profound impact on everyday abilities. Research has explored the neurocognitive associates of language and has identified executive function (EF) and social abilities as domains associated with language. However, research has yet to identify these relations using parent report or examine them within the context of broader structural and pragmatic language abilities, two overarching domains of language. The current study utilizes informant report measures to examine the relations between these two domains of language and executive and social functioning. As findings in the literature on sex differences in language are mixed, the current study also sought to examine whether language varied as a function of sex. Method: Participants included 68 individuals with Down syndrome (Mage = 12.9) and 108 youth with autism spectrum disorder (Mage = 7.6). Participants completed parent reports of language, using the Children's Communication Checklist-II, EF, using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, and social abilities, measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale or the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System. Results: Social abilities predicted structural language, and both EF and social abilities predicted pragmatic language in Down syndrome. In autism spectrum disorder, social and executive functioning predicted both structural and pragmatic language. Finally, sex differences were found in Down syndrome (males
Book Synopsis Understanding Individual Differences in Language Development Across the School Years by : J. Bruce Tomblin
Download or read book Understanding Individual Differences in Language Development Across the School Years written by J. Bruce Tomblin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-26 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the findings of a large-scale study of individual differences in spoken (and heard) language development during the school years. The goal of the study was to investigate the degree to which language abilities at school entry were stable over time and influential in the child’s overall success in important aspects of development. The methodology was a longitudinal study of over 600 children in the US Midwest during a 10-year period. The language skills of these children -- along with reading, academic, and psychosocial outcomes -- were measured. There was intentional oversampling of children with poor language ability without being associated with other developmental or sensory disorders. Furthermore, these children could be sub-grouped based on their nonverbal abilities, such that one group represents children with specific language impairment (SLI), and the other group with nonspecific language impairment (NLI) represents poor language along with depressed nonverbal abilities. Throughout the book, the authors consider whether these distinctions are supported by evidence obtained in this study and which aspects of development are impacted by poor language ability. Data are provided that allow conclusions to be made regarding the level of risk associated with different degrees of poor language and whether this risk should be viewed as lying on a continuum. The volume will appeal to researchers and professionals with an interest in children’s language development, particularly those working with children who have a range of language impairments. This includes Speech and Language Pathologists; Child Neuropsychologists; Clinical Psychologists working in Education, as well as Psycholinguists and Developmental Psychologists.
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Communication Disorders by : Ruth H. Bahr
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Communication Disorders written by Ruth H. Bahr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Communication Disorders provides an update on key issues and research in the clinical application of the speech, language and hearing sciences in both children and adults. Focusing on areas of cutting-edge research, this handbook showcases what we know about communication disorders, and their assessment and treatment. It emphasizes the application of theory to clinical practice throughout, and is arranged by the four key bases of communication impairments: Neural/Genetic Bases Perceptual-Motor Bases Cognitive-Linguistic Bases Socio-Cultural Bases. The handbook ends with an integrative section, which looks at innovative ways of working across domains to arrive at novel assessment and treatment ideas. It is an important reference work for researchers, students and practitioners working in communication science and speech and language therapy.
Book Synopsis Mental State Understanding: Individual Differences in Typical and Atypical Development by : Daniela Bulgarelli
Download or read book Mental State Understanding: Individual Differences in Typical and Atypical Development written by Daniela Bulgarelli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current book addresses the development of mental state understanding in children with typical and atypical population, and reports new suggestions about the way to evaluate it and to support it through training. The presented frame is multifaceted. In respect to typical populations, the role of maternal reflective functioning, language, communication, and educational contexts has been deepened; and the association with internalizing/externalizing behaviors, performances in spatial tasks and pragmatics has been addressed as well. As to atypical populations, deficits in mental states understanding are reported for children with different developmental disorders or impairments, as the agenesis of the corpus callosum, Down Syndrome, preterm birth, Autism Spectrum Disorder, hearing impairment and personality difficulties such as anxiety. Overall, the papers collected in our book allow a better understanding of the mechanisms influencing mental state understanding and the effects of mental state comprehension on development.
Book Synopsis Prelinguistic and Minimally Verbal Communicators on the Autism Spectrum by : Deb Keen
Download or read book Prelinguistic and Minimally Verbal Communicators on the Autism Spectrum written by Deb Keen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-05 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws on contemporary theory and recent findings to provide researchers, professionals, undergraduate and graduate students with essential resources, allowing them to better understand and support children, youth and adults with autism and significant communication impairments. The book consists of 11 chapters organized into 3 sections detailing typical and atypical prelinguistic development for individuals on the autism spectrum, together with a range of assessment and intervention approaches that clinicians and educators can draw on in practice. The book adopts a lifespan perspective, recognizing that there is an important and particularly challenging sub-group of children on the spectrum who remain minimally verbal beyond the age of 8 years. Each chapter summarizes current research on a selected topic, identifies key challenges faced by researchers, educators and clinicians, and considers the implications for research and practice. The concluding chapter considers issues of research translation and how educators and clinicians can encourage the use of evidence-based practices for prelinguistic and minimally verbal individuals.
Book Synopsis Language and Down's Syndrome - An approach to the acquisition of grammar in the mentally retarded by : Carsten Krumdiek
Download or read book Language and Down's Syndrome - An approach to the acquisition of grammar in the mentally retarded written by Carsten Krumdiek and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-04-30 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Cologne, course: First Language Acquisition, language: English, abstract: The acquisition of language has been a field of study rather new to research, emerging only in the middle of the last century. Among scholars it has been of great interest how people acquire their first language and there have been a great number of controversies what some of the suggested hypotheses are concerned. Another fairly interesting issue, as opposed to normal language acquisition, is the study of people who acquire language even though they are faced with quite particular learning conditions. These people, precisely those who suffer from mental retardation, usually do acquire language; however, this language seems to diverge from the one acquired by typically developing individuals. The present paper will discuss the linguistic problems of individuals with Down syndrome (DS), a genetic disorder, occurring in groups of any social or educational level. It is considered to be the “most common cause of moderate to severe learning disability in childhood”. Approximately one in 700-900 babies is born with Trisomy 21 by mothers of any age. The study of Down syndrome children in particular, offers several advantages. Due to their physiognomy, subjects with Down syndrome are fairly easy to identify. In addition, language impairment in DS individuals represents a very prominent feature of this group. In this paper, a brief overview on some of the keyfacts shall be given first of all in order to understand the general problems typical of this genetic disorder. Second, the difficulties in speech production will be discussed in relation to physiological and cognitive consequences. The last chapter will deal with the acquisition of morphosyntax in DS individuals as opposed to the grammar in typically developing subjects and will, additionally, consider one particular approach as an account for the apparent differences – the Critical Period Hypothesis.
Book Synopsis Autism Spectrum Disorders by : David Amaral
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders written by David Amaral and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 1445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is an emerging area of basic and clinical research, and has only recently been recognized as a major topic in biomedical research. Approximately 1 in 150 children are diagnosed as autistic, so it is also an intense growth area in behavioral and educational treatments. Financial resources have begun to be raised for more comprehensive research and an increasing number of scientists are becoming involved in autism research. In many respects, autism has become a model for conducting translational research on a psychiatric disorder. This text provides a comprehensive summary of all current knowledge related to the behavioral, experiential, and biomedical features of the autism spectrum disorders including major behavioral and cognitive syndromology, common co-morbid conditions, neuropathology, neuroimmunology, and other neurological correlates such as seizures, allergy and immunology, gastroenterology, infectious disease, and epidemiology. Edited by three leading researchers, this volume contains over 80 chapters and nine shorter commentaries by thought leaders in the field, making the book a virtual "who's who" of autism research. This carefully developed book is a comprehensive and authoritative reference for what we know in this area as well as a guidepost for the next several years in all areas of autism research.
Book Synopsis International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities by :
Download or read book International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 53 provides a scholarly look at research on the causes, effects, classification systems and syndromes of developmental disabilities. Chapters in this new release include topics such as Parent Child Interactions in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Self-Regulation in children with autism spectrum disorders, Social cognition in neurodevelopmental syndromes, Telehealth anxiety services for individuals with adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, Adult Siblings of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities: Past, Present, and Future, and The Special Promise of Telemedicine to Address Health and Behavioral Needs of Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Contributors in this ongoing series come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences. Provides the most recent scholarly research in the study of developmental disabilities Contains a vast range of perspectives, with many topics covered Presents an excellent resource for academic researchers
Book Synopsis Individual Differences in Language Development by : Cecilia M. Shore
Download or read book Individual Differences in Language Development written by Cecilia M. Shore and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1995 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PLEASE UPDATE SAGE UK AND SAGE INDIA ADDRESSES ON IMPRINT PAGE.
Book Synopsis The Relationship of Four Prelinguistic Skills and Rapid Word-object Mapping to Vocabulary Outcomes in Young Children with Autism by : Andrea Sweetman McDuffie
Download or read book The Relationship of Four Prelinguistic Skills and Rapid Word-object Mapping to Vocabulary Outcomes in Young Children with Autism written by Andrea Sweetman McDuffie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autism Spectrum Disorder within Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Catching Heterogeneity, Specificity and Comorbidity in Clinical Phenotypes and Neurobiological Bases by : Eugenia Conti
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorder within Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Catching Heterogeneity, Specificity and Comorbidity in Clinical Phenotypes and Neurobiological Bases written by Eugenia Conti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-14 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Individual Differences in Theory of Mind by : Betty Repacholi
Download or read book Individual Differences in Theory of Mind written by Betty Repacholi and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last fifteen years, developmentalists, cognitive scientists, philosophers, educators and clinicians have considered the acquisition of a theory of mind - the capacity to predict and explain behavior on the basis of internal, subjective mental states - to be one of the crucial cognitive achievements of early childhood. This volume represents the first collection of work to address, empirically and conceptually, the topic of individual differences in theory of mind. It is also unique because it takes the reader beyond the preschool years, to explore theory of mind development in late childhood and adulthood.
Book Synopsis Exceptional Language Development in Down Syndrome by : Jean A. Rondal
Download or read book Exceptional Language Development in Down Syndrome written by Jean A. Rondal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-05-26 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced language acquisition is possible in spite of serious mental handicap. This is the conclusion reached at the end of a thorough study of the language of a Down syndrome adult woman, exhibiting virtually normal expressive and receptive grammar. This case, presented in this book, is compared to a small number of other exceptional cases of language development in mental retardation. The findings are powerful arguments against the claim that the acquisition of grammar is determined by prior nonlinguistic cognitive achievements. Moreover, data analysis and comparison with other observations in language pathology (specific language impaired children, aphasic syndromes, degenerative syndromes, dementias) suggest that linguistic knowledge consists of independent but interacting modules. These data also supply interesting arguments in favor of a conception of grammatical development as the gradual unfolding of innate species-specific dispositions, and undoubtedly this book will appeal to researchers and advanced students in language development, developmental psychopathology and special education.
Book Synopsis Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders by : Colin R Martin
Download or read book Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Colin R Martin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-05-29 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Neuroscience of Development is a comprehensive reference on the diagnosis and management of neurodevelopment and associated disorders. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the interactions between genetics, epigenetics and other micro-environmental processes. In addition, the book also examines the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of development-related conditions. - Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the broad range of topics relating to the neuroscience of aging - Features sections on the genetics that influences aging and diseases of aging - Contains an abstract, key facts, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points in each chapter - Focuses on neurological diseases and conditions linked to aging, environmental factors and clinical recommendations - Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables
Book Synopsis Handbook of Life Course Health Development by : Neal Halfon
Download or read book Handbook of Life Course Health Development written by Neal Halfon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Language Phenotype on Predictors of Emergent Literacy in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Olivia A Boorom
Download or read book The Influence of Language Phenotype on Predictors of Emergent Literacy in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Olivia A Boorom and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of emergent literacy skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a growing subject of inquiry in the field of communication sciences and disorders; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between oral language skills and emergent literacy as a function of various language phenotypes of children with ASD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral language abilities in various domains and emergent literacy skills as a function of two language phenotypes, ASD Language Normal (ALN) and ASD Language Impaired (ALI). These phenotypes were determined based on the standardized test scores of a nonword repetition measure of phonological memory. Domains of oral language assessed included semantics (definitional vocabulary and lexical retrieval), morphology, syntax, and pragmatics (receptive/expressive language). Emergent literacy skills assessed in this study include phonological awareness and print knowledge. The participants consisted of 11 children diagnosed with ASD between the ages of 4 years 0 months and 5 years 11 months. Of those 11 participants, 4 were classified in the ALN phenotype and 7 in the ALI phenotype. Significant positive correlations were found between the oral language skills of definitional vocabulary, syntax, morphology, and pragmatics, and phonological awareness. No significant correlations were found between print knowledge and oral language skills with the exception of lexical retrieval. Furthermore, phonological awareness performance was found to be significantly different as a function of phenotype, while print knowledge was not. ALN participants demonstrated greater abilities in phonological awareness than ALI participants, while print knowledge skills were strong in both phenotype groups. These results demonstrate a significant relationship between phonological awareness performance and oral language domains, as well as ASD language phenotype. Overall, participants in the ALN phenotype had significantly higher scores in measures of vocabulary, syntax, morphology, pragmatics, and phonological awareness. Scores on these standardized tests indicate a distinct emergent literacy profile for both ALN and ALI participants, with oral language domains that are significantly related to phonological awareness ability. These profiles and their relationship with measures of oral language should be considered when evaluating and formulating treatment goals for preschool aged children with ASD.
Book Synopsis The Broad Autism Phenotype by : Anthony F. Rotatori
Download or read book The Broad Autism Phenotype written by Anthony F. Rotatori and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proposed volume will provide in-depth coverage about a construct known as the broad autism phenotype (BAP).
