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Predictions Of Intentions Of College Students To Take An Hiv Antibody Test And Their Preferences For A Testing Procedure
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Book Synopsis Predictions of Intentions of College Students to Take an HIV Antibody Test and Their Preferences for a Testing Procedure by :
Download or read book Predictions of Intentions of College Students to Take an HIV Antibody Test and Their Preferences for a Testing Procedure written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intentions to prevent HIV infections are an essential part of HIV prevention. Social science researchers and HIV educators have investigated the roles of intentions to prevent HIV infections mainly in the context of safer sex behaviors. Surprisingly, however, HIV testing intentions have not been extensively studied in light of various forms of HIV tests that are likely soon to be approved for widespread use . The present study evaluated the utility of Ajzen and Fishbein' s (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action in predicting college students' intentions to take an HIV test. Attitudes toward HIV testing and their perceptions of social pressure toward HIV tests were investigated as predictors of testing intentions. In addition, college students' preferences for HIV testing procedures were surveyed in order to investigate whether the characteristics of the new HIV tests were seen as favorable. Responses from 190 undergraduate and graduate students at Portland State University (Portland, Oregon) were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results strongly supported the impact of the subjective norm toward HIV testing as a determinant of testing intentions. On the other hand, testing attitudes failed to predict testing intentions unlike past studies on HIV preventive behavioral intentions. Regarding the procedural preferences, the majority of respondents preferred the procedures of conventional HIV tests except that most respondents preferred not to have post-test counseling after an HIV-negative result; in addition, respondents were equally divided in their preference for blood or saliva fluid sampling. Implications of these findings are discussed for possible interventions.
Book Synopsis Predictions of Intentions of College Students to Take an HIV Antibody Test and Their Preferences for a Testing Procedure by : Hitoshi Ishimaru
Download or read book Predictions of Intentions of College Students to Take an HIV Antibody Test and Their Preferences for a Testing Procedure written by Hitoshi Ishimaru and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Influencing the Decision to be Tested for HIV Among Heterosexual College Students by : Aisha Nikkia King
Download or read book Factors Influencing the Decision to be Tested for HIV Among Heterosexual College Students written by Aisha Nikkia King and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the lack of an appropriate vaccine or an effective treatment for AIDS, more attention has been focused on controlling the threat of the disease, particularly through efforts to increase widespread behavioral change. HIV antibody testing has been advocated as an important intervention to influence people to practice safer sex to decrease the risk of infection with HIV (CDC, 2003; Wilson & Jaccard, 1993). The theory of reasoned action and planned behavior (Ajzen, 1975. 1991) was used to explore the factors that influence HIV testing decisions among 186 sexually active heterosexual college students. According to the TPB, the most important determinant of an individuals' HIV testing is his/her behavioral intention to be tested for HIV. The present research operationalized all components of the TPB model and several extensions including attitudes (perceived benefits & HIV testing Beliefs), subjective norm (college norm and friend/family/sexual partner norm), perceived behavioral control, and perceived barriers. The role of anticipated regret was explored as well as the relationship between returning for test results and several model variables. Results revealed that despite a relatively high knowledge level, students are continuing to engage in a multitude of HIV risk behaviors that are not translating into an increased likelihood of being tested for HIV. The hypothesized relations among the study independent variables and HIV testing intentions and behavior were partially supported in the regression analyses. HIV testing intentions was significantly related to perceived benefits and anticipated regret, whereas HIV testing behavior was significantly related to college norm, family/friend/sexual partner norm, HIV testing beliefs, and perceived behavioral control. As noted in the literature review, the present research was the first of its kind to apply the full TRA/TPB model to HIV testing intentions in college students. Overall, the TPB model variables (attitudes [perceived benefits, testing beliefs], subjective norms [college norms, family/friend/sexual partners' norms], perceived behavioral control and anticipated regret, accounted for a significant amount of the variance in HIV testing intentions, approximately 30%. This was particularly the case with non tested students. These findings offers support for the use of the full TRA/TPB model variables in research on variables that may influence decisions to be tested for those who have never been tested. The general findings of this research are that the TRA/TPB is a useful and valuable model to use as a framework to inform HIV testing interventions.
Book Synopsis HIV Testing Attitudes and Preferences Among Urban Adolescents by : Tanya Lilliane Kowalczyk Mullins
Download or read book HIV Testing Attitudes and Preferences Among Urban Adolescents written by Tanya Lilliane Kowalczyk Mullins and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: To determine factors associated with adolescent HIV testing and preferences for different testing methods. Methods: Sexually active 13-22 year-olds (N=200) completed a theory-based survey and were offered HIV testing. Those who agreed chose one of three HIV tests. Chi-square and logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with testing. Results: Half of participants (49.5%) agreed to HIV testing: 51% chose rapid oral, 30% venipuncture, and 19% rapid fingerstick. Male gender (OR 3.52; 95% CI 1.35-9.21), parental completion of high school (OR 2.69; 95% CI 1.15-6.31), intention to test for HIV if offered by clinician (OR 6.78; 95% CI 2.01-22.92), and higher perceived likelihood of current HIV infection (OR 10.0; 95% CI 2.9-33.3) were independently associated with testing. Conclusions: Intention to test if offered by a clinician and perceived likelihood of current HIV infection appear to be important factors in decision to test.
Book Synopsis The Psychosocial Determinants of Voluntary HIV Testing by : Edward G. Kohler
Download or read book The Psychosocial Determinants of Voluntary HIV Testing written by Edward G. Kohler and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis HIV and the Blood Supply by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book HIV and the Blood Supply written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-10-05 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, thousands of Americans became infected with HIV through the nation's blood supply. Because little reliable information existed at the time AIDS first began showing up in hemophiliacs and in others who had received transfusions, experts disagreed about whether blood and blood products could transmit the disease. During this period of great uncertainty, decision-making regarding the blood supply became increasingly difficult and fraught with risk. This volume provides a balanced inquiry into the blood safety controversy, which involves private sexual practices, personal tragedy for the victims of HIV/AIDS, and public confidence in America's blood services system. The book focuses on critical decisions as information about the danger to the blood supply emerged. The committee draws conclusions about what was doneâ€"and recommends what should be done to produce better outcomes in the face of future threats to blood safety. The committee frames its analysis around four critical area: Product treatmentâ€"Could effective methods for inactivating HIV in blood have been introduced sooner? Donor screening and referralâ€"including a review of screening to exlude high-risk individuals. Regulations and recall of contaminated bloodâ€"analyzing decisions by federal agencies and the private sector. Risk communicationâ€"examining whether infections could have been averted by better communication of the risks.
Book Synopsis Factors Influencing People's Preference for Anonymous HIV-antibody Testing Over Other Available Methods by : Marci Beth Melnick
Download or read book Factors Influencing People's Preference for Anonymous HIV-antibody Testing Over Other Available Methods written by Marci Beth Melnick and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Getting Started with Conjoint Analysis by : Bryan K. Orme
Download or read book Getting Started with Conjoint Analysis written by Bryan K. Orme and published by Research Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjoint analysis goes beyond simple surveys, providing a more realistic approach to understanding consumer attitudes, opinions, and behavior. Introduced as a fundamental measurement method more than forty years ago, conjoint analysis presents combinations of features and attributes in product profiles and asks people to rank or rate those profiles or to make choices among product profiles.
Book Synopsis HIV Screening and Access to Care by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book HIV Screening and Access to Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased HIV screening may help identify more people with the disease, but there may not be enough resources to provide them with the care they need. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care concludes that more practitioners must be trained in HIV/AIDS care and treatment and their hospitals, clinics, and health departments must receive sufficient funding to meet a growing demand for care.
Book Synopsis Recommendations and guidance on hepatitis C virus self-testing by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Recommendations and guidance on hepatitis C virus self-testing written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO has set a global goal to eliminate HCV as a public health problem by 2030. WHO estimates that 58 million people had chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection globally in 2019, and less than a quarter of them were diagnosed. New and innovative approaches are needed to accelerate progress toward the HCV elimination targets. Self-testing is one such approach. These guidelines provide a new recommendation and guidance on HCV self-testing to complement existing HCV testing services in countries. These guidelines also highlight operational considerations to support strategic implementation and scale up of HCV self-testing.
Author :National Research Council and Institute of Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309176212 Total Pages :352 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Preventing HIV Transmission by : National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Preventing HIV Transmission written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.
Book Synopsis Abstracts, Wednesday, 20 June 1990, Thursday, 21 June 1990 by :
Download or read book Abstracts, Wednesday, 20 June 1990, Thursday, 21 June 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Spread and Prediction of COVID-19 Pandemic by : Jianping Huang
Download or read book Global Spread and Prediction of COVID-19 Pandemic written by Jianping Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-11 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating AIDS Prevention Programs by : National Research Council
Download or read book Evaluating AIDS Prevention Programs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With insightful discussion of program evaluation and the efforts of the Centers for Disease Control, this book presents a set of clear-cut recommendations to help ensure that the substantial resources devoted to the fight against AIDS will be used most effectively. This expanded edition of Evaluating AIDS Prevention Programs covers evaluation strategies and outcome measurements, including a realistic review of the factors that make evaluation of AIDS programs particularly difficult. Randomized field experiments are examined, focusing on the use of alternative treatments rather than placebo controls. The book also reviews nonexperimental techniques, including a critical examination of evaluation methods that are observational rather than experimentalâ€"a necessity when randomized experiments are infeasible.
Book Synopsis Assessing Genetic Risks by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Assessing Genetic Risks written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.
Book Synopsis Valuing Environmental Amenities Using Stated Choice Studies by : Barbara J. Kanninen
Download or read book Valuing Environmental Amenities Using Stated Choice Studies written by Barbara J. Kanninen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides practical, research-based advice on how to conduct high-quality stated choice studies. It covers every aspect of the topic, from planning and writing the survey, to analyzing results, to evaluating quality. There is no other book on the market today that so thoroughly addresses the methodology of stated choice. Chapters are written by top-notch academics and practitioners in an accessible style, offering practical, tough advice.
