Prediction Of Radioactive Waste Glass Durability By The Hydration Thermodynamic Model

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Prediction of Radioactive Waste Glass Durability by the Hydration Thermodynamic Model

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Download or read book Prediction of Radioactive Waste Glass Durability by the Hydration Thermodynamic Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of groundwater chemistry on glass durability were examined using the hydration thermodynamic model. The relative durabilities of SiO2, obsidians, basalts, nuclear waste glasses, medieval window glasses, and a frit glass were determined in tuffaceous groundwater, basaltic groundwater, WIPP-A brine, and Permian-A brine using the monolithic MCC-1 durability test. For all the groundwaters, the free energy of hydration, calculated from the glass composition and the final experimental pH, was linearly related to the logarithm of the measured silica concentration. The linear equation was identical to that observed previously for these glasses during MCC-1 testing in deionized water. In the groundwater-dominated MCC-1 experiments, the pH values for all the glasses tested appeared to be buffered by the groundwater-precipitate chemistry. The behavior of poorly durable glasses demonstrated that the silica release is a function of the ionic strength of the solution. The ionic strength, in turn, reflects the effect of the groundwater chemistry on the pH. Using the hydration thermodynamic model, nuclear waste glass durability in saturated repository environments can be predicted from the glass composition and the groundwater and the groundwater pH. 47 refs., 3 figs. 1 tab.

Thermodynamic Model of Natural, Medieval and Nuclear Waste Glass Durability

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermodynamic Model of Natural, Medieval and Nuclear Waste Glass Durability by :

Download or read book Thermodynamic Model of Natural, Medieval and Nuclear Waste Glass Durability written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thermodynamic model of glass durability based on hydration of structural units has been applied to natural glass, medieval window glasses, and glasses containing nuclear waste. The relative durability predicted from the calculated thermodynamics correlates directly with the experimentally observed release of structural silicon in the leaching solution in short-term laboratory tests. By choosing natural glasses and ancient glasses whose long-term performance is known, and which bracket the durability of waste glasses, the long-term stability of nuclear waste glasses can be interpolated among these materials. The current Savannah River defense waste glass formulation is as durable as natural basalt from the Hanford Reservation (106 years old). The thermodynamic hydration energy is shown to be related to the bond energetics of the glass. 69 references, 2 figures, 1 table.

Prediction of Glass Durability as a Function of Environmental Conditions

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Download or read book Prediction of Glass Durability as a Function of Environmental Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thermodynamic model of glass durability is applied to natural, ancient, and nuclear waste glasses. The durabilities of over 150 different natural and man-made glasses, including actual ancient Roman and Islamic glasses (Jalame ca. 350 AD, Nishapur 10-11th century AD and Gorgon 9-11th century AD), are compared. Glass durability is a function of the thermodynamic hydration free energy, .delta.G/sub hyd/, which can be calculated from glass composition and solution pH. The durability of the most durable nuclear waste glasses examined was /approximately/10/sup 6/ years. The least durable waste glass formulations were comparable in durability to the most durable simulated medieval window glasses of /approximately/10/sup 3/ years. In this manner, the durability of nuclear waste glasses has been interpolated to be /approximately/10/sup 6/ years and no less than 10/sup 3/ years. Hydration thermodynamics have been shown to be applicable to the dissolution of glass in various natural environments. Groundwater-glass interactions relative to geologic disposal of nuclear waste, hydration rind dating of obsidians, andor other archeological studies can be modeled, e.g., the relative durabilities of six simulated medieval window glasses have been correctly predicted for both laboratory (one month) and burial (5 years) experiments. Effects of solution pH on glass dissolution has been determined experimentally for the 150 different glasses and can be predicted theoretically by hydration thermodynamics. The effects of solution redox on dissolution of glass matrix elements such as SI and B have shown to be minimal. The combined effects of solution pH and Eh have been described and unified by construction of thermodynamically calculated Pourbaix (pH-Eh) diagrams for glass dissolution. The Pourbaix diagrams have been quantified to describe glass dissolution as a function of environmental conditions by use of the data derived from hydration thermodynamics. 56 refs., 7 figs.

Prediction of Glass Durability as a Function of Glass Composition and Test Conditions

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Download or read book Prediction of Glass Durability as a Function of Glass Composition and Test Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term durability of nuclear waste glasses can be predicted by comparing their performance to natural and ancient glasses. Glass durability is a function of the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of glass in solution. The relationship between the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of glass durability can be understood when the relative contributions of glass composition and imposed test conditions are delineated. Glass durability has been shown to be a function of the thermodynamic hydration free energy which can be calculated from the glass composition. Hydration thermodynamics also furnishes a quantitative frame of reference to understand how various test parameters affect glass durability. Linear relationships have been determined between the logarithmic extent of hydration and the calculated hydration free energy for several different test geometries. Different test conditions result in different kinetic reactivity parameters such as the exposed glass surface area (SA), the leachant solution volume (V), and the length of time that the glass is in the leachant (t). Leachate concentrations are known to be a function of the kinetic test parameter (SAV)t. The relative durabilities of glasses, including pure silica, obsidians, nuclear waste glasses, medieval window glasses, and frit glasses define a plane in three dimensional .delta.G/sub hyd/-concentration-(SAV)t space. At constant kinetic conditions, e.g., test geometry and test duration, the three dimensional plane is intersected at constant (SAV)t and the .delta.G/sub hyd/-concentration plots have similar slopes. The slope represents the natural logarithm of the theoretical slope, (12.303 RT), for the rate of glass dissolution. 53 refs., 4 figs.

Nuclear Waste Research

Author : Arnold P. Lattefer
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781604561845
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Waste Research by : Arnold P. Lattefer

Download or read book Nuclear Waste Research written by Arnold P. Lattefer and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive wastes are waste types containing radioactive chemical elements that do not have a practical purpose. They are sometimes the products of a nuclear processes, such as nuclear fission. However, other industries not directly connected to the nuclear industry can produce large quantities of radioactive waste. For instance, over the past 20 years it is estimated that just the oil-producing endeavours of the US have accumulated 8 million tons of radioactive wastes. The majority of radioactive waste is "low-level waste", meaning it has low levels of radioactivity per mass or volume. This type of waste often consists of used protective clothing, which is only slightly contaminated but still dangerous in case of radioactive contamination of a human body through ingestion, inhalation, absorption, or injection. The issue of disposal methods for nuclear waste was one of the most pressing current problems the international nuclear industry faced when trying to establish a long term energy production plan, yet there was hope it could be safely solved. In the U.S., the DOE acknowledged much progress in addressing the waste problems of the industry, and successful remediation of some contaminated sites, yet also major uncertainties and sometimes complications and setbacks in handling the issue properly, cost effectively, and in the projected time frame. In other countries with lower ability or will to maintain environmental integrity the issue would be more problematic. This new book presents the latest research in the field.

Radioactive Waste Management

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)

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Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Research Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 744 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management by :

Download or read book Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Advanced Radioactive Waste Conditioning Technologies

Author : Michael I. Ojovan
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 085709095X
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Advanced Radioactive Waste Conditioning Technologies by : Michael I. Ojovan

Download or read book Handbook of Advanced Radioactive Waste Conditioning Technologies written by Michael I. Ojovan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-01-24 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive wastes are generated from a wide range of sources, including the power industry, and medical and scientific research institutions, presenting a range of challenges in dealing with a diverse set of radionuclides of varying concentrations. Conditioning technologies are essential for the encapsulation and immobilisation of these radioactive wastes, forming the initial engineered barrier required for their transportation, storage and disposal. The need to ensure the long term performance of radioactive waste forms is a key driver of the development of advanced conditioning technologies.The Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the various options available and under development for the treatment and immobilisation of radioactive wastes. The book opens with an introductory chapter on radioactive waste characterisation and selection of conditioning technologies. Part one reviews the main radioactive waste treatment processes and conditioning technologies, including volume reduction techniques such as compaction, incineration and plasma treatment, as well as encapsulation methods such as cementation, calcination and vitrification. This coverage is extended in part two, with in-depth reviews of the development of advanced materials for radioactive waste conditioning, including geopolymers, glass and ceramic matrices for nuclear waste immobilisation, and waste packages and containers for disposal. Finally, part three reviews the long-term performance assessment and knowledge management techniques applicable to both spent nuclear fuels and solid radioactive waste forms.With its distinguished international team of contributors, the Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies is a standard reference for all radioactive waste management professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers involved in the development of the nuclear fuel cycle. - Provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the various options available and under development for the treatment and immobilisation of radioactive wastes - Explores radioactive waste characterisation and selection of conditioning technologies including the development of advanced materials for radioactive waste conditioning - Assesses the main radioactive waste treatment processes and conditioning technologies, including volume reduction techniques such as compaction

Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts

Author : Ian W. Donald
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444319361
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts by : Ian W. Donald

Download or read book Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts written by Ian W. Donald and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safe storage in glass-based materials of both radioactiveand non-radioactive hazardous wastes is covered in a single book,making it unique Provides a comprehensive and timely reference source at thiscritical time in waste management, including an extensive andup-to-date bibliography in all areas outlined to waste conversionand related technologies, both radioactive and non-radioactive Brings together all aspects of waste vitrification, drawscomparisons between the different types of wastes and treatments,and outlines where lessons learnt in the radioactive waste fieldcan be of benefit in the treatment of non-radioactive wastes

High-performance Glasses

Author : M. Cable
Publisher : Blackie Academic and Professional
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis High-performance Glasses by : M. Cable

Download or read book High-performance Glasses written by M. Cable and published by Blackie Academic and Professional. This book was released on 1992 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of recent developments in glass technology, where advances in fabrication technology and the discovery of new glass-forming compositions have considerably expanded the applications of glasses. The contributions have been written at a level appropriate for new graduates.

First Principles Process-product Models for Vitrification of Nuclear Waste

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis First Principles Process-product Models for Vitrification of Nuclear Waste by :

Download or read book First Principles Process-product Models for Vitrification of Nuclear Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borosilicate glasses will be used in the USA and in Europe to immobilize radioactive high level liquid wastes (HLLW) for ultimate geologic disposal. Process and product quality models based on glass composition simplify the fabrication of the borosilicate glass while ensuring glass processability and quality. The process model for glass viscosity is based on a relationship between the glass composition and its structural polymerization. The relationship between glass viscosity and electrical resistivity is also shown to relate to glass polymerization. The process model for glass liquidus temperature calculates the solubility of the liquidus phases based on the free energies of formation of the precipitating species. The durability product quality model is based on the calculation of the thermodynamic hydration free energy from the glass composition.

Application of Hydration Thermodynamics to Control of the DWPF Process. Revision 1

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of Hydration Thermodynamics to Control of the DWPF Process. Revision 1 by :

Download or read book Application of Hydration Thermodynamics to Control of the DWPF Process. Revision 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) will incorporate the radioactivity in the 130 million liters of high-level nuclear waste at SRS in a stable borosilicate glass. Glass product specifications requite control of processing parameters to ensure glass durability. A model of glass durability, based on hydration thermodynamics, has been used at SRS to aid in formulation of waste glasses; to explain the relative durability of different glasses under identical test conditions (MCC-1 test); and to explain the effects of changing test conditions on the observed durability of a given glass. This model has now been modified for use in control of the DWPF. It provides a tool which relates glass durability to parameters which can be controlled in the DWPF process. It provides a tool which relates glass durability to parameters which can be controlled in the DWPF process, primarily chemical composition. In this paper, the model is presented, and its projected role in control of the DWPF process is described.

Application of the Hydration Thermodynamic Model for Glass Durability Under Saturated Tuff Repository Conditions

Author : C. M. Jantzen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (929 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of the Hydration Thermodynamic Model for Glass Durability Under Saturated Tuff Repository Conditions by : C. M. Jantzen

Download or read book Application of the Hydration Thermodynamic Model for Glass Durability Under Saturated Tuff Repository Conditions written by C. M. Jantzen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Corrosion of Ceramic and Composite Materials, Second Edition

Author : Ronald A. McCauley
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0824752724
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Corrosion of Ceramic and Composite Materials, Second Edition by : Ronald A. McCauley

Download or read book Corrosion of Ceramic and Composite Materials, Second Edition written by Ronald A. McCauley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of Ceramic and Composite Materials, Second Edition is a primary source of guidance for the assessment, interpretation, and inhibition of corrosion phenomena. This book discusses all aspects of corrosion of ceramics, including environments, mechanisms, and materials, and the means to minimize or eliminate corrosion. The author compiles key findings and literature highlights from nearly a decade of scientific advancement, covering emerging techniques in corrosion analysis, characterization, and prediction. He provides at-a-glance coverage of national and international testing procedures for the evaluation of materials stability. The book covers the fundamentals of corrosion by gases, liquids, and solids of several ceramic materials including crystalline materials, glasses, composites, bioceramics, and advanced ceramics. It also discusses property/corrosion relationships and testing. The book collects a generous number of models, figures, and studies illustrating techniques to minimize and reduce the effects of various mechanisms contributing to the corrosion of civil, aerospace, and military structures. The second edition includes a review of all the current literature since publication of the first edition, an additional chapter on composites, and major sections added on bioceramics and weathering of construction materials. Corrosion of Ceramic and Composite Materials, Second Edition explains existing corrosion problems and offers an excellent guide to the design and development of corrosion-resistant structures.

Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Nuclear Technology

Author : Kevin M. Fox
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470930977
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Nuclear Technology by : Kevin M. Fox

Download or read book Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Nuclear Technology written by Kevin M. Fox and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition (MS&T’09) was held October 25-29, 2009, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A major theme of the conference was Environmental and Energy Issues. Papers from three of the symposia held under that theme are included in this volume. These symposia include Materials Solutions for the Nuclear Renaissance; Green Engineering and Environmental Stewardship; and Nanotechnology for Energy. These symposia included a variety of presentations with sessions focused on sustainable energy, photovoltaics, nanowires and composites, energy harvesting, catalysts, thin films, corrosion, nuclear fuels, materials in aggressive environments, glass and ceramics for waste disposition, modeling and thermal properties, and education. Also included was a series of invited presentations and an international panel discussion on cement waste forms. The Green Engineering and Environmental Stewardship symposium was sponsored by the Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division (NETD) of The American Ceramic Society while the Materials Solutions for the Nuclear Renaissance symposium was sponsored by NETD and ASM International.

Application of Hydration Thermodynamics to Control of the DWPF Process

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of Hydration Thermodynamics to Control of the DWPF Process by :

Download or read book Application of Hydration Thermodynamics to Control of the DWPF Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) will incorporate the radioactivity in the 130 million liters of high-level nuclear waste at SRS in a stable borosilicate glass. Glass product specifications requite control of processing parameters to ensure glass durability. A model of glass durability, based on hydration thermodynamics, has been used at SRS to aid in formulation of waste glasses; to explain the relative durability of different glasses under identical test conditions (MCC-1 test); and to explain the effects of changing test conditions on the observed durability of a given glass. This model has now been modified for use in control of the DWPF. It provides a tool which relates glass durability to parameters which can be controlled in the DWPF process. It provides a tool which relates glass durability to parameters which can be controlled in the DWPF process, primarily chemical composition. In this paper, the model is presented, and its projected role in control of the DWPF process is described.