Precarious Japan

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Precarious Japan

Author : Anne Allison
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822377241
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Precarious Japan by : Anne Allison

Download or read book Precarious Japan written by Anne Allison and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era of irregular labor, nagging recession, nuclear contamination, and a shrinking population, Japan is facing precarious times. How the Japanese experience insecurity in their daily and social lives is the subject of Precarious Japan. Tacking between the structural conditions of socioeconomic life and the ways people are making do, or not, Anne Allison chronicles the loss of home affecting many Japanese, not only in the literal sense but also in the figurative sense of not belonging. Until the collapse of Japan's economic bubble in 1991, lifelong employment and a secure income were within reach of most Japanese men, enabling them to maintain their families in a comfortable middle-class lifestyle. Now, as fewer and fewer people are able to find full-time work, hope turns to hopelessness and security gives way to a pervasive unease. Yet some Japanese are getting by, partly by reconceiving notions of home, family, and togetherness.

Japan

Author : Frank Baldwin
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479889385
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan by : Frank Baldwin

Download or read book Japan written by Frank Baldwin and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A joint publication of the Social Science Research Council and New York University Press."

Women Managers in Neoliberal Japan

Author : Swee-Lin Ho
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429589115
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Women Managers in Neoliberal Japan by : Swee-Lin Ho

Download or read book Women Managers in Neoliberal Japan written by Swee-Lin Ho and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, based on extensive original research, presents a detailed analysis of the varying opportunities and challenges experienced by Japanese women with professional careers, an important category of the population in Japan, whose lives remain little known. It addresses many key issues, including the problems of flexible work in an increasingly neoliberal environment; the pervasiveness of precarious work conditions in gendered managerial employment; the state’s neglect in transforming antiquated labour laws and in combating abusive corporate practices; the implications of dysfunctional employee-employer relations and those among co-workers; media representations as barometers of resistant social norms; the ambivalent effects of work related drinking practices; and the lack of collective representation due to ineffective labour unions. Overall, the book presents the disheartening realities of conflicts and ambivalence experienced by many women managers in contemporary Japan.

Contesting Precarity in Japan

Author : Saori Shibata
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501749943
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Contesting Precarity in Japan by : Saori Shibata

Download or read book Contesting Precarity in Japan written by Saori Shibata and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contesting Precarity in Japan details the new forms of workers' protest and opposition that have developed as Japan's economy has transformed over the past three decades and highlights their impact upon the country's policymaking process. Drawing on a new dataset charting protest events from the 1980s to the present, Saori Shibata produces the first systematic study of Japan's new precarious labour movement. It details the movement's rise during Japan's post-bubble economic transformation and highlights the different and innovative forms of dissent that mark the end of the country's famously non-confrontational industrial relations. In doing so, moreover, she shows how this new pattern of industrial and social tension is reflected within the country's macroeconomic policymaking, resulting in a new policy dissensus that has consistently failed to offer policy reforms that would produce a return to economic growth. As a result, Shibata argues that the Japanese model of capitalism has therefore become increasingly disorganized.

Yokohama Street Life

Author : Tom Gill
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498511996
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Yokohama Street Life by : Tom Gill

Download or read book Yokohama Street Life written by Tom Gill and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2015-03-06 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yokohama Street Life: The Precarious Career of a Japanese Day Laborer is a one-man ethnography, tracing the career of a single Japanese day laborer called Kimitsu, from his wartime childhood in the southern island of Kyushu through a brief military career to a lifetime spent working on the docks and construction sites of Tokyo, Osaka and Yokohama. Kimitsu emerges as a unique voice from the Japanese ghetto, a self-educated philosopher whose thoughts on life in the slums, on post-war Japanese society and on more abstract intellectual concerns are conveyed in a series of conversations with British anthropologist Tom Gill, whose friendship with Kimitsu spans more than two decades. For Kimitsu, as for many of his fellow day laborers at the bottom of Japanese society, offers none of the comforting distractions of marriage, family life, or a long-term career in a settled workplace. It leads him through existential philosophy towards Buddhist mysticism as he fills the time between days of hard manual labor with visits to second-hand bookshops in search of enlightenment. The book also portrays Kimitsu’s living environment, a Yokohama slum district called Kotobuki. Kotobuki is a ‘doya-gai’—a slum inhabited mainly by men, somewhat similar to the skid row districts that used to be common in American cities. Traditionally these men have earned a basic living by working as day laborers, but the decline in employment opportunities has forced many of them into welfare dependence or homelessness. Kimitsu’s life and thought are framed by an account of the changing way of life in Kotobuki, a place that has gradually been transformed from a casual laboring market to a large, shambolical welfare center. In Kotobuki the national Japanese issues of an aging workforce and economic decline set in much earlier than elsewhere, leading to a dramatic illustration of the challenges facing the Japanese welfare state.

Visions of Precarity in Japanese Popular Culture and Literature

Author : Kristina Iwata-Weickgenannt
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317619102
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Visions of Precarity in Japanese Popular Culture and Literature by : Kristina Iwata-Weickgenannt

Download or read book Visions of Precarity in Japanese Popular Culture and Literature written by Kristina Iwata-Weickgenannt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent natural as well as man-made cataclysmic events have dramatically changed the status quo of contemporary Japanese society, and following the Asia-Pacific war’s never-ending ‘postwar’ period, Japan has been dramatically forced into a zeitgeist of saigo or ‘post-disaster.’ This radically new worldview has significantly altered the socio-political as well as literary perception of one of the world’s potential superpowers, and in this book the contributors closely examine how Japan’s new paradigm of precarious existence is expressed through a variety of pop-cultural as well as literary media. Addressing the transition from post-war to post-disaster literature, this book examines the rise of precarity consciousness in Japanese socio-cultural discourse. The chapters investigate the extent to which we can talk about the emergence of a new literary paradigm of precarity in the world of Japanese popular culture. Through careful examination of a variety of contemporary texts ranging from literature, manga, anime, television drama and film this study offers an interpretation of the many dissonant voices in Japanese society. The contributors also outline the related social issues in Japanese society and culture, providing a comprehensive overview of the global trends that link Japan with the rest of the world. Visions of Precarity in Japanese Popular Culture and Literature will be of great interest to students and scholars of contemporary Japan, Japanese culture and society, popular culture and social and cultural history.

The Lost Wolves of Japan

Author : Brett L. Walker
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295989939
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lost Wolves of Japan by : Brett L. Walker

Download or read book The Lost Wolves of Japan written by Brett L. Walker and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2009-11-23 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Japanese once revered the wolf as Oguchi no Magami, or Large-Mouthed Pure God, but as Japan began its modern transformation wolves lost their otherworldly status and became noxious animals that needed to be killed. By 1905 they had disappeared from the country. In this spirited and absorbing narrative, Brett Walker takes a deep look at the scientific, cultural, and environmental dimensions of wolf extinction in Japan and tracks changing attitudes toward nature through Japan's long history. Grain farmers once worshiped wolves at shrines and left food offerings near their dens, beseeching the elusive canine to protect their crops from the sharp hooves and voracious appetites of wild boars and deer. Talismans and charms adorned with images of wolves protected against fire, disease, and other calamities and brought fertility to agrarian communities and to couples hoping to have children. The Ainu people believed that they were born from the union of a wolflike creature and a goddess. In the eighteenth century, wolves were seen as rabid man-killers in many parts of Japan. Highly ritualized wolf hunts were instigated to cleanse the landscape of what many considered as demons. By the nineteenth century, however, the destruction of wolves had become decidedly unceremonious, as seen on the island of Hokkaido. Through poisoning, hired hunters, and a bounty system, one of the archipelago's largest carnivores was systematically erased. The story of wolf extinction exposes the underside of Japan's modernization. Certain wolf scientists still camp out in Japan to listen for any trace of the elusive canines. The quiet they experience reminds us of the profound silence that awaits all humanity when, as the Japanese priest Kenko taught almost seven centuries ago, we "look on fellow sentient creatures without feeling compassion."

Japan and Okinawa

Author : Glen D. Hook
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781138863095
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Japan and Okinawa by : Glen D. Hook

Download or read book Japan and Okinawa written by Glen D. Hook and published by . This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan and Okinawa provides an up-to-date, coherent and theoretically informed examination of Okinawa from the perspective of political economy and society. It combines a focus on structure and subjectivity as a way to analyze Okinawa, Okinawans and their relationship with global, regional and national structures. The book draws on a range of disciplines to provide new insights into both the contemporary and historical place of Okinawa and the Okinawans. The first half of the book examines Okinawa as part of the global, regional and national structures which impose constraints as well as offer opportunities to Okinawa. Leading specialists examine in detail topics such as Okinawa as a frontier region, Okinawa's Free Trade Zones and response to globalization, and Okinawa as part of the Japanese 'construction state', being particularly concerned with how Okinawa can chart its own course. The second half focuses on questions of identity and subjectivity, examining the multitude of vibrant cultural practices that breathe life into the meaning of being Okinawan and inform their social and political responses to structural constraints. The originality of this book can be found in its elucidation of how the structural constraints of Okinawa's precarious position in the world, the region and as part of Japan impact on subjectivity. For many Okinawans, in the past as now, acceptance and rationalization of their dependency has made them collaborators in their own subordination. At the same time, however, they have demonstrated a capacity to give voice to a separate identity, inscribing cultural practices marking them as different from mainland Japanese.

Japanese New York

Author : Olga Kanzaki Sooudi
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824847814
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Japanese New York by : Olga Kanzaki Sooudi

Download or read book Japanese New York written by Olga Kanzaki Sooudi and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spend time in New York City and, soon enough, you will encounter some of the Japanese nationals who live and work there—young English students, office workers, painters, and hairstylists. New York City, one of the world’s most vibrant and creative cities, is also home to one of the largest overseas Japanese populations in the world. Among them are artists and designers who produce cutting-edge work in fields such as design, fashion, music, and art. Part of the so-called “creative class” and a growing segment of the neoliberal economy, they are usually middle-class and college-educated. They move to New York for anywhere from a few years to several decades in the hope of realizing dreams and aspirations unavailable to them in Japan. Yet the creative careers they desire are competitive, and many end up working illegally in precarious, low paying jobs. Though they often migrate without fixed plans for return, nearly all eventually do, and their migrant trajectories are punctuated by visits home. Japanese New York offers an intimate, ethnographic portrait of these Japanese creative migrants living and working in NYC. At its heart is a universal question—how do adults reinvent their lives? In the absence of any material or social need, what makes it worthwhile for people to abandon middle-class comfort and home for an unfamiliar and insecure life? Author Olga Sooudi explores these questions in four different venues patronized by New York’s Japanese: a grocery store and restaurant, where hopeful migrants work part-time as they pursue their ambitions; a fashion designer’s atelier and an art gallery, both sites of migrant aspirations. As Sooudi’s migrant artists toil and network, biding time until they “make it” in their chosen industries, their optimism is complicated by the material and social limitations of their lives. The story of Japanese migrants in NYC is both a story about Japan and a way of examining Japan from beyond its borders. The Japanese presence abroad, a dynamic process involving the moving, settling, and return to Japan of people and their cultural products, is still underexplored. Sooudi’s work will help fill this lacuna and will contribute to international migration studies, to the study of contemporary Japanese culture and society, and to the study of Japanese youth, while shedding light on what it means to be a creative migrant worker in the global city today.

Capturing Contemporary Japan

Author : Satsuki Kawano
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824838696
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Capturing Contemporary Japan by : Satsuki Kawano

Download or read book Capturing Contemporary Japan written by Satsuki Kawano and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are people’s life experiences in present-day Japan? This timely volume addresses fundamental questions vital to understanding Japan in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Its chapters collectively reveal a questioning of middle-class ideals once considered the essence of Japaneseness. In the postwar model household a man was expected to obtain a job at a major firm that offered life-long employment; his counterpart, the “professional” housewife, managed the domestic sphere and the children, who were educated in a system that provided a path to mainstream success. In the past twenty years, however, Japanese society has seen a sharp increase in precarious forms of employment, higher divorce rates, and a widening gap between haves and have-nots. Contributors draw on rich, nuanced fieldwork data collected during the 2000s to examine work, schooling, family and marital relations, child rearing, entertainment, lifestyle choices, community support, consumption and waste, material culture, well-being, aging, death and memorial rites, and sexuality. The voices in these pages vary widely: They include schoolchildren, teenagers, career women, unmarried women, young mothers, people with disabilities, small business owners, organic farmers, retirees, and the elderly.

A Precarious Game

Author : Ergin Bulut
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501746553
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis A Precarious Game by : Ergin Bulut

Download or read book A Precarious Game written by Ergin Bulut and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-15 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Precarious Game is an ethnographic examination of video game production. The developers that Ergin Bulut researched for almost three years in a medium-sized studio in the U.S. loved making video games that millions play. Only some, however, can enjoy this dream job, which can be precarious and alienating for many others. That is, the passion of a predominantly white-male labor force relies on material inequalities involving the sacrificial labor of their families, unacknowledged work of precarious testers, and thousands of racialized and gendered workers in the Global South. A Precarious Game explores the politics of doing what one loves. In the context of work, passion and love imply freedom, participation, and choice, but in fact they accelerate self-exploitation and can impose emotional toxicity on other workers by forcing them to work endless hours. Bulut argues that such ludic discourses in the game industry disguise the racialized and gendered inequalities on which a profitable transnational industry thrives. Within capitalism, work is not just an economic matter, and the political nature of employment and love can still be undemocratic even when based on mutual consent. As Bulut demonstrates, rather than considering work simply as a matter of economics based on trade-offs in the workplace, we should consider the question of work and love as one of democracy rooted in politics.

Atari to Zelda

Author : Mia Consalvo
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262034395
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Atari to Zelda by : Mia Consalvo

Download or read book Atari to Zelda written by Mia Consalvo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cross-cultural interactions of Japanese videogames and the West, from DIY localization by fans to corporate strategies of “Japaneseness.” In the early days of arcades and Nintendo, many players didn't recognize Japanese games as coming from Japan; they were simply new and interesting games to play. But since then, fans, media, and the games industry have thought further about the “Japaneseness” of particular games. Game developers try to decide whether a game's Japaneseness is a selling point or stumbling block; critics try to determine what elements in a game express its Japaneseness—cultural motifs or technical markers. Games were “localized,” subjected to sociocultural and technical tinkering. In this book, Mia Consalvo looks at what happens when Japanese games travel outside Japan, and how they are played, thought about, and transformed by individuals, companies, and groups in the West. Consalvo begins with players, first exploring North American players' interest in Japanese games (and Japanese culture in general) and then investigating players' DIY localization of games, in the form of ROM hacking and fan translating. She analyzes several Japanese games released in North America and looks in detail at the Japanese game company Square Enix. She examines indie and corporate localization work, and the rise of the professional culture broker. Finally, she compares different approaches to Japaneseness in games sold in the West and considers how Japanese games have influenced Western games developers. Her account reveals surprising cross-cultural interactions between Japanese games and Western game developers and players, between Japaneseness and the market.

Precarious Lives

Author : Arne L. Kalleberg
Publisher : Polity
ISBN 13 : 9781509506491
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Precarious Lives by : Arne L. Kalleberg

Download or read book Precarious Lives written by Arne L. Kalleberg and published by Polity. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employment relations in advanced, post-industrial democracies have become increasingly insecure and uncertain as the risks associated with work are being shifted from employers and governments to workers. Arne L. Kalleberg examines the impact of the liberalization of labor markets and welfare systems on the growth of precarious work and job insecurity for indicators of well-being such as economic insecurity, the transition to adulthood, family formation, and happiness, in six advanced capitalist democracies: the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Spain, and Denmark. This insightful cross-national analysis demonstrates how active labor market policies and generous social welfare systems can help to protect workers and give employers latitude as they seek to adapt to the rise of national and global competition and the rapidity of sweeping technological changes. Such policies thereby form elements of a new social contract that offers the potential for addressing many of the major challenges resulting from the rise of precarious work.

Ryokan

Author : Chris McMorran
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824892272
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (922 download)

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Book Synopsis Ryokan by : Chris McMorran

Download or read book Ryokan written by Chris McMorran and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amid the decline of many of Japan’s rural communities, the hot springs village resort of Kurokawa Onsen is a rare, bright spot. Its two dozen traditional inns, or ryokan, draw nearly a million tourists a year eager to admire its landscape, experience its hospitality, and soak in its hot springs. As a result, these ryokan have enticed village youth to return home to take over successful family businesses and revive the community. Chris McMorran spent nearly two decades researching ryokan in Kurokawa, including a full year of welcoming guests, carrying luggage, scrubbing baths, cleaning rooms, washing dishes, and talking with co-workers and owners about their jobs, relationships, concerns, and aspirations. He presents the realities of ryokan work—celebrated, messy, ignored, exploitative, and liberating—and introduces the people who keep the inns running by making guests feel at home. McMorran explores how Kurokawa’s ryokan mobilize hospitality to create a rural escape from the globalized dimensions of everyday life in urban Japan. Ryokan do this by fusing a romanticized notion of the countryside with an enduring notion of the hospitable woman embodied by nakai, the hired female staff who welcome guests, serve meals, and clean rooms. These women are the face of the ryokan. But hospitality often hides a harsh reality. McMorran found numerous nakai in their 50s, 60s, and 70s who escaped violent or unhappy marriages by finding employment in ryokan. Yet, despite years of experience, nakai remain socially and economically vulnerable. Through this intimate and inventive ethnography of a year in a ryokan, McMorran highlights the importance of both the generational work of ryokan owners and the daily work of their employees, while emphasizing the gulf between them. With its focus on small, family-owned businesses and a mobile, vulnerable workforce, Ryokan makes an invaluable contribution to scholarship on the Japanese workplace. It also will interest students and scholars in geography, mobility studies, and women’s studies and anyone who has ever stayed at a ryokan and is curious about the work that takes place behind the scenes.

Millennial Monsters

Author : Anne Allison
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520245652
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Millennial Monsters by : Anne Allison

Download or read book Millennial Monsters written by Anne Allison and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006-06-30 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millennial Monsters explores the global popularity of Japanese consumer culture--including manga (comic books), anime (animation), video games, and toys--and questions the make-up of fantasies nand capitalism that have spurred the industry's growth.

Tokyo Vernacular

Author : Jordan Sand
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520280377
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Tokyo Vernacular by : Jordan Sand

Download or read book Tokyo Vernacular written by Jordan Sand and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2013-07-13 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preserved buildings and historic districts, museums and reconstructions have become an important part of the landscape of cities around the world. Beginning in the 1970s, Tokyo participated in this trend. However, repeated destruction and rapid redevelopment left the city with little building stock of recognized historical value. Late twentieth-century Tokyo thus presents an illuminating case of the emergence of a new sense of history in the city’s physical environment, since it required both a shift in perceptions of value and a search for history in the margins and interstices of a rapidly modernizing cityscape. Scholarship to date has tended to view historicism in the postindustrial context as either a genuine response to loss, or as a cynical commodification of the past. The historical process of Tokyo’s historicization suggests other interpretations. Moving from the politics of the public square to the invention of neighborhood community, to oddities found and appropriated in the streets, to the consecration of everyday scenes and artifacts as heritage in museums, Tokyo Vernacular traces the rediscovery of the past—sometimes in unlikely forms—in a city with few traditional landmarks. Tokyo's rediscovered past was mobilized as part of a new politics of the everyday after the failure of mass politics in the 1960s. Rather than conceiving the city as national center and claiming public space as national citizens, the post-1960s generation came to value the local places and things that embodied the vernacular language of the city, and to seek what could be claimed as common property outside the spaces of corporate capitalism and the state.

Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment

Author : Leah F. Vosko
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135284709
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment by : Leah F. Vosko

Download or read book Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment written by Leah F. Vosko and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precarious employment presents a monumental challenge to the social, economic, and political stability of labour markets in industrialized societies and there is widespread consensus that its growth is contributing to a series of common social inequalities, especially along the lines of gender and citizenship. The editors argue that these inequalities are evident at the national level across industrialized countries, as well as at the regional level within federal societies, such as Canada, Germany, the United States, and Australia and in the European Union. This book brings together contributions addressing this issue which include case studies exploring the size, nature, and dynamics of precarious employment in different industrialized countries and chapters examining conceptual and methodological challenges in the study of precarious employment in comparative perspective. The collection aims to yield new ways of understanding, conceptualizing, measuring, and responding, via public policy and other means – such as new forms of union organization and community organizing at multiple scales – to the forces driving labour market insecurity.