Practical Electrophysiology

Download Practical Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cardiotext Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1935395297
Total Pages : 1201 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (353 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Electrophysiology by : Jasbir S. Sra, MD

Download or read book Practical Electrophysiology written by Jasbir S. Sra, MD and published by Cardiotext Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 1201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About: Detailed discussion of the fundamental aspects of electrophysiology and includes over 70 case studies from an internationally recognzed group of contributors covering ECGs, SVTs, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia and more. Includes major contributions from Samuel Asirvatham, MD and Hein J. Wellens, MD. From the Preface: A plethora of significant new research and findings makes it difficult to keep up with the ever-changing field of electrophysiology. Despite these constant advances, there are fundamental aspects of the science that need to be understood by students of electrophysiology. This book was created to educate and uses cases and questions to keep the reader engaged. Chapter and case topics were chosen so that the information presented is useful for years to come. My associate editors and I are hopeful that this book will prove a useful tool for those interested in the field of electrophysiology. We also are very grateful to all the contributing authors for spending their time and effort to help create this handy but comprehensive and interesting work. Jasbir Sra, Milwaukee

Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology

Download Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Remedica
ISBN 13 : 1901346374
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology by : Francis D. Murgatroyd

Download or read book Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology written by Francis D. Murgatroyd and published by Remedica. This book was released on 2002 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a comprehensive introductory-level guide to invasive cardiac EP studies. Its focus is to enable the reader to understand and interpret the recording and stimulation techniques used during an EP study.

Practical Cardiac Electrophysiology

Download Practical Cardiac Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JP Medical Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9386056798
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Cardiac Electrophysiology by : Kartikeyan Bhargava

Download or read book Practical Cardiac Electrophysiology written by Kartikeyan Bhargava and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrophysiology studies test the electrical activity of the heart to determine the source of an arrhythmia. This book is a comprehensive guide to cardiac electrophysiology providing a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of arrhythmias and therapeutic interventions used in their treatment. Beginning with an introduction to cardiac electrophysiology and the fundamentals of cardiac anatomy, imaging, mapping and ablation, the following sections cover the diagnosis and management of different types of arrhythmia. The final section discusses miscellaneous topics including entrainment, provocative drug testing in the electrophysiology lab, and catheter ablation in children. The book is highly illustrated with nearly 300 images and tables and each chapter concludes with a summary highlighting the main points of the topic and offers suggestions for further reading. Key points Comprehensive guide to diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias Provides thorough overview of cardiac anatomy, imaging, mapping and ablation Includes other topics such as provocative drug testing and catheter ablation in children Highly illustrated with nearly 300 images and tables

Anatomy for Cardiac Electrophysiologists: A Practical Handbook

Download Anatomy for Cardiac Electrophysiologists: A Practical Handbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cardiotext Publishing
ISBN 13 : 193539567X
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (353 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Anatomy for Cardiac Electrophysiologists: A Practical Handbook by : S. Yen Ho

Download or read book Anatomy for Cardiac Electrophysiologists: A Practical Handbook written by S. Yen Ho and published by Cardiotext Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly visual handbook integrates cardiac anatomy and the state-of-the-art imaging techniques used in today's catheter or electrophysiology laboratory, guiding readers to a comprehensive understanding of both normal cardiac anatomy and the structures associated with complex heart disease. Well organized, easily navigable, and superbly illustrated in a landscape format, this unique text invites the reader on a visual intracardiac journey via stunning images and schematic illustrations, including such imaging modalities as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, radiogra.

Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology - E-Book

Download Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology - E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323793398
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology - E-Book by : Demosthenes G Katritsis

Download or read book Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology - E-Book written by Demosthenes G Katritsis and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a clear and consistent framework for recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of cardiac arrhythmia disturbances, Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Practical Guide covers the fundamental analytical skills needed in this challenging area. This portable, highly accessible handbook focuses on the basics of clinical electrophysiology— how and when to perform an electrophysiology study as well as principles of ablation and other invasive therapies—all in a succinct and modern format. - Focuses on using an effective, consistent, decision-making process in recognizing, diagnosing, and treating rhythm disturbances of the heart, including supraventricular tachycardias, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardias, and other rapid or irregular heartbeats. - Covers anatomic fundamentals of cardiac structures, clinical indications for electrophysiology studies, practicalities and methodology of performing an electrophysiology study, and problems encountered during the procedure. - Includes quick clinical summaries and more than 180 illustrations: electrophysiology recordings, ECGs, cardiac anatomy, radiographic images, and electroanatomic maps. - Discusses key topics such as mechanisms of arrhythmias, conventional and electroanatomic mapping systems, fundamentals of cardiac mapping, biophysics of catheter ablation, and much more. - Offers real-world guidance on contemporary practice from leading cardiac electrophysiologists Drs. Demosthenes G Katritsis and Fred Morady, with input from a multinational team of electrophysiology fellows and cardiologists. - Ideal as a stand-alone resource or used in conjunction with Dr. Douglas Zipes' renowned textbook, Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside.

Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology in the Young

Download Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology in the Young PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387291709
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology in the Young by : Macdonald Dick

Download or read book Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology in the Young written by Macdonald Dick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-13 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the practical aspects of clinical electrophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias in the young as practiced in the Department of Pediatric Cardiology at the University of Michigan. Cardiac arrhythmias in children are often symptomatic as well as frightening to the child patient and parent. This volume is intended as a practical guide for the novice or seasoned physician presented with a child with a cardiac arrhythmia.

Clinical Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology

Download Clinical Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030743195
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology by : Benedict M. Glover

Download or read book Clinical Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology written by Benedict M. Glover and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively revised second edition provides a practically applicable guide for the management of cardiac arrhythmia. This subject has continued to expand rapidly, and it is therefore critical to understand the basic principles of arrhythmia mechanisms in order to assist with diagnosis and the selection of an appropriate treatment strategy. Comprehensively revised chapters cover a variety of aspects of cardiac electrophysiology in an easy-to-digest case-based format. For each case of arrhythmia, relevant illustrations, fluoroscopy images, ECGs and endocavity electrograms are used to describe the etiology, classification, clinical presentation, mechanisms, electrophysiology set up and relevant trouble-shooting procedures. New topics covered include the application of new antiarrhythmic drugs in tandem with ablation, techniques for the ablation of atrial fibrillation and electrophysiological assessments available for identifying instances of atrial tachycardia. Clinical Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology presents a comprehensive overview of cardiac electrophysiology, making it a valuable reference for practicing and trainee cardiac electrophysiologists, cardiologists, family practitioners, allied professionals and nurses.

Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Visual Guide for Nurses, Techs, and Fellows, Second Edition

Download Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Visual Guide for Nurses, Techs, and Fellows, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cardiotext Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1942909535
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (429 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Visual Guide for Nurses, Techs, and Fellows, Second Edition by : Paul D. Purves, BSc, RCVT, CEPS

Download or read book Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Visual Guide for Nurses, Techs, and Fellows, Second Edition written by Paul D. Purves, BSc, RCVT, CEPS and published by Cardiotext Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Essential Visual Guide to Basic Cardiac Electrophysiology Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Visual Guide for Nurses, Techs, and Fellows, Second Edition fulfills the need of allied health personnel and new fellows for a practical, hands-on pictorial guide that clearly illustrates the essential concepts of clinical cardiac electrophysiology. More than 85 high-quality tracings, diagrams, fluoroscopic images, and electroanatomic maps, accompanied by detailed discussions of each image, offer a fundamental understanding of cardiac electrophysiology equipment, principles, and procedures: • Catheter placement, hardware connections, and intracardiac signals • Normal electrogram sequences associated with sinus rhythm • Methodologies used to uncover the mechanisms of common clinical tachycardias Authored by a team of experts, Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Visual Guide for Nurses, Techs, and Fellows, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for a complex technology, providing superb guidance in acclimating new trainees and personnel to the EP laboratory and empowering them with the knowledge and skills needed to practice clinical electrophysiology. New to the Second Edition: • A new unit—Cardiac Electrical Axis • 16 video clips with a focus on electrogram sequences • An illustrated glossary and abbreviations list • A free eBook included

Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology

Download Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1841846201
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (418 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology by : Andrea Natale

Download or read book Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology written by Andrea Natale and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-30 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first practical, user-friendly guide to the theory and practice of a routinely used technique, this new manual provides the specialist in training with a thorough grounding in the equipment, procedures, and clinical findings with which clinicians need to be familiar. Conceived as an alternative to the large and expensive texts aimed at specialists, the handbook is divided into two sections, which present: a review of the main kinds of arrhythmia, with illustrations of typical ECG findings supported where appropriate by correlative imaging the principal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including implantation of pacemakers, resynchronization therapy, use and placement of catheters and ablation techniques Providing practical guidance on clinical applications, and illustrated with numerous graphics, checklists and flowcharts to enable readers to locate information quickly and easily, Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology is an accessible resource covering a widespread, but complex technology.

Electrophysiology of Arrhythmias

Download Electrophysiology of Arrhythmias PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1975101111
Total Pages : 796 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (751 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electrophysiology of Arrhythmias by : Reginald T. Ho

Download or read book Electrophysiology of Arrhythmias written by Reginald T. Ho and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise yet comprehensive, this practical guide to the diagnosis and ablation of cardiac arrhythmias in the electrophysiology laboratory is an indispensable resource for electrophysiologists and general cardiologists. It contains an extensive, unmatched collection of intracardiac recordings, fluoroscopic and ICE images, and 3D color-coded electroanatomic maps (EAMs), making it the premier electrophysiology reference for gaining a better understanding of cardiac arrhythmias. Each chapter focuses on a specific arrhythmia and presents a systematic discussion of diagnostic and ablation criteria, followed by an atlas of electrophysiologic recordings. These illustrations demonstrate all key aspects of the arrhythmia: electrophysiologic features, mode of induction and termination, response to diagnostic pacing maneuvers, classic presentations, unusual manifestations, mapping techniques, and target site criteria for ablation.

Practical Clinical Electrophysiology

Download Practical Clinical Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : LWW
ISBN 13 : 9781496371072
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Clinical Electrophysiology by : Peter J. Zimetbaum

Download or read book Practical Clinical Electrophysiology written by Peter J. Zimetbaum and published by LWW. This book was released on 2017-11-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now completely revised and in brilliant full color, Practical Clinical Electrophysiology, 2nd Edition, provides a clinically focused, highly readable approach to the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias. Co-authored by Dr. Peter Zimetbaum, Dr. Alfred Buxton and Dr. Mark Josephson, all affiliated with Harvard University, this practical reference offers concise coverage of the major arrhythmia disorders encountered in the clinic as well as the electrophysiology lab, including pharmacologic treatments. It's an ideal resource for internists, cardiologists, cardiology fellows, and physician extenders who need a complete understanding of electrophysiology but who do not specialize in this area. Key Features: Offers a detailed explanation of basic electrophysiology and various diagnostic techniques - all completely updated to cover the most recent developments in the field. Features two new chapters: Lead Extraction: Indications and Techniques; Arrhythmias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. Presents information in full color, including updated images and figures throughout. Includes chapters on indications for pacemaker and ICD implantation and the clinical management of patients who have such devices. Encompasses evidence-based medicine for the diagnosis and management of arrhythmia disorders. Your book purchase includes a complimentary download of the enhanced eBook for iOS, Android, PC & Mac. Take advantage of these practical features that will improve your eBook experience: The ability to download the eBook on multiple devices at one time -- providing a seamless reading experience online or offline Powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that allow you to search within this book, or across your entire library of VitalSource eBooks Multiple viewing options that enable you to scale images and text to any size without losing page clarity as well as responsive design The ability to highlight text and add notes with one click

Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology

Download Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 9780683306934
Total Pages : 902 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (69 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology by : Mark E. Josephson

Download or read book Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology written by Mark E. Josephson and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2002 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gold standard in electrophysiology, Dr. Josephson's book brings to light current relevant practices aimed at medical internists, clinical cardiologists, and electrophysiologists, emphasizing the capabilities and limitations of clinical cardiac electrophysiology techniques. Thoroughly revised, the Third Edition includes increased coverage of catheter ablation and the latest information on new catheters and computers that measure electrical activity in the heart. Full-color heart maps and illustrations of electrophysiologic concepts help clarify the text. A Brandon-Hill recommended title.

Pocket Guide for Cardiac Electrophysiology

Download Pocket Guide for Cardiac Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pocket Guide for Cardiac Electrophysiology by : John D. Hummel

Download or read book Pocket Guide for Cardiac Electrophysiology written by John D. Hummel and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This portable manual pulls together all the essential information on electrophysiology studies and therapeutic interventions in one, easy-to-consult source. You'll find guidance on everything from lab set-up, basic principles, and patient care through the evaluation of various tachycardias and syncope, working with permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and more. For every arrhythmia, concise explanations of pathophysiology help readers understand what various findings mean and what clinical interventions are required.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Methods and Models

Download Cardiac Electrophysiology Methods and Models PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441966587
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cardiac Electrophysiology Methods and Models by : Daniel C. Sigg

Download or read book Cardiac Electrophysiology Methods and Models written by Daniel C. Sigg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-11 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the Western Hemisphere. While significant progress has been made in treating a major sub-category of cardiac disease, arrhythmias, significant unmet needs remain. In particular, every day, thousands of patients die because of arrhythmias in the US alone, and atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia affecting millions of patients in the US alone at a given time. Therefore, there is a public need to continue to develop new and better therapies for arrhythmias. Accordingly, an ever increasing number of biomedical, pharmaceutical, and medical personnel is interested in studying various aspects of arrhythmias at a basic, translational, and applied level, both in industry (ie Biotech, Pharmaceutical and device), and in academia. Not only has our overall understanding of molecular bases of disease dramatically increased, but so has the number of available and emerging molecular, pharmacological or device treatment based therapies. This practical, state-of-the art handbook will summarize and review key research methods and protocols, their advantages and pitfalls, with a focus on practical implementation, and collaborative cross-functional research. The volume will include visual and easy-to-use graphics, bulleted summaries, boxed summary paragraphs, links to reference websites, equipment manufacturers where appropriate, photographs of typical experimental setups and so forth, to keep this book very focused on practical methods and implementation, and yet, provide enough theory that the principles are clearly understood and can be easily applied.

Practical Intracardiac Echocardiography in Electrophysiology

Download Practical Intracardiac Echocardiography in Electrophysiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470994967
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Intracardiac Echocardiography in Electrophysiology by : Jian-Fang Ren

Download or read book Practical Intracardiac Echocardiography in Electrophysiology written by Jian-Fang Ren and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tremendous advances in intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) have coincided with the evolution of interventional electrophysiology. This book is designed to provide both the electrophysiologist and echocardiographer with an in-depth view of the role and value of ICE during electrophysiologic procedures. A guide to techniques used for optimal ICE imaging in cardiac electrophysiology is provided. In addition, new and less-recognized uses of ICE in electrophysiological procedures are described and their clinical applications are presented. Illustrated with over 500 images, many of which are in color, the book can also be used as a practical atlas. Readers need not be experts in the field of echocardiography to benefit from this practical approach to intracardiac imaging in electrophysiology.

Practical Cardiology

Download Practical Cardiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323809162
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Cardiology by : Majid Maleki

Download or read book Practical Cardiology written by Majid Maleki and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From basic clinical facts to new advanced guidelines, Practical Cardiology: Principles and Approaches covers all aspects of cardiology in one quick and current resource. Packed with useful tips and step-by-step guidance, this updated second edition reviews new drugs, new invasive and noninvasive therapeutic approaches, and new developments in cardiology foundations, imaging modalities, management approaches, and specific interventions for all common cardiovascular disease modalities in all patient care settings. - Offers practical plans of action for all major cardiovascular topics and diseases. - Includes three new chapters on electrophysiology (including tracing interpretation); mechanisms, diagnoses, and therapies; and hypotension, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. - Features updated and expanded content throughout, including new findings, non-ST elevation in specific populations (elderly, women), diabetes in heart disease, and more. - Provides integrated key points that offer quick clinical summaries for all aspects of common cardiovascular conditions. - Contains more than 125 full-color illustrations with many algorithms of diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.

Practical Cardiovascular Medicine

Download Practical Cardiovascular Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119832705
Total Pages : 997 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Cardiovascular Medicine by : Elias B. Hanna

Download or read book Practical Cardiovascular Medicine written by Elias B. Hanna and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-04-11 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a complete but succinct overview of the information cardiologists and cardiology trainees need to have at their fingertips, Practical Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Edition is an everyday primary guide to the specialty. Provides cardiologists with a thorough and up-to-date review of cardiology, from pathophysiology to practical, evidence-based management Ably synthesizes pathophysiology fundamentals and evidence-based approaches to prepare a physician for a subspecialty career in cardiology Clinical chapters cover coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disorders, pericardial disorders, congenital heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease Practical chapters address ECG, coronary angiography, catheterization techniques, echocardiography, hemodynamics, and electrophysiological testing Includes over 730 figures, key notes boxes, references for further study, and coverage of clinical trials Review questions help clarify topics and can be used for Board preparation - over 650 questions in all The Second Edition has been comprehensively updated with the newest data and with both the American and European guidelines. More specifically, 20 clinical chapters have been rewritten and extensively revised. Procedural chapters have been enhanced with additional concepts and illustrations, particularly the hemodynamic and catheterization chapters. Clinical questions have been revamped, new questions have been added, including a new, 259-question section at the end of the book. Practical Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Edition is an ideal reference for the resident, fellow, cardiologist, and any professional treating patients with cardiovascular disease.