Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Powdered Crystalline Silicotitanate Cst Isotherms For Srs Wastes
Download Powdered Crystalline Silicotitanate Cst Isotherms For Srs Wastes full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Powdered Crystalline Silicotitanate Cst Isotherms For Srs Wastes ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Powdered Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) Isotherms for SRS Wastes by :
Download or read book Powdered Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) Isotherms for SRS Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the primary inputs for modeling an ion exchange column is the equilibrium driving force for mass transfer between the solution and the solid phase. The equilibrium relationship is typically known as an isotherm. This document contains the predicted isotherms for the various Savannah River Site (SRS) waste types in equilibrium with powdered (ungranulated) crystalline silicotitanate (CST).
Book Synopsis Design of a Carousel Process for Removing Cesium from SRS Waste Using Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchanger by :
Download or read book Design of a Carousel Process for Removing Cesium from SRS Waste Using Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchanger written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designs of a three-column carousel process based on crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchanger have been developed for removing radioactive 137Cs+ from Savannah River Site's (SRS) nuclear wastes. A multicomponent ion exchange equilibrium model (Zheng et al., 1997) from Texas A & M University, which is based on batch data obtained from CST powder, is used to generate cesium loading data at different cesium concentrations for various types of SRS wastes. These loading data are fit to the Langmuir equation to obtain effective single-component cesium isotherm parameters. The predictions are in reasonable agreement with batch test data obtained from CST powder, an early CST pellet batch (38B), and a later batch (IE911) using two SRS waste simulants. The ratios between experimental cesium distribution coefficients and predicted values are between 0.56 and 1.0. The variation appears to be due to inadequate equilibration time in some of the batches. Mass transfer parameters are estimated by analyzing column data of a simulated SRS waste and Melton Valley Storage Tank W29 (MVST-W29) waste. The intraparticle diffusivity estimated for the two wastes can be well correlated by means of the Stokes-Einstein equation. Simulations are performed to determine the length of the mass transfer zone for given feed compositions, Cs+ concentrations, and linear velocities. In order to ensure high column utilization during both the transient and cyclic steady state periods, the length of a single segment in the carousel process is chosen to be the mass transfer zone length after the concentration wave achieves a constant pattern. Analysis of the dimensionless groups in the differential mass balance equations reveals that the normalized mass transfer zone length is linearly proportional to the particle Peclet number. The proportionality constant is a function of the waste composition and the Cs+ concentration in the waste. The higher the effective Cs+ capacity and the higher the Cs+ concentration, the smaller the proportionality constant. This dimensionless group analysis allows one to easily adjust designs for variations in particle size, linear velocity, and intraparticle diffusivity.
Book Synopsis New Silicotitanate Waste Forms ; Development and Characterization by :
Download or read book New Silicotitanate Waste Forms ; Development and Characterization written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this program is to identify new waste forms and disposal strategies specific to crystalline silicotitanate (CST) secondary waste that is generated from cesium and strontium ion exchange processes. Waste forms that are developed in this work will offer an alternative to current disposal plans. The goals of the program are to reduce the costs associated with CST waste disposal, minimize the risk of contamination to the environment during CST processing, and provide DOE with technical alternatives for CST disposal. The technical objectives of the proposed work are to (1) fully characterize the phase relationships, structures, and thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of crystalline silicotitanate waste forms and (2) establish a sound technical basis for understanding key waste form properties, such as melting temperatures and aqueous durability, based on an in-depth understanding of waste form structures and thermochemistry.
Book Synopsis Vitrification of Cesium-loaded Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) in the Shielded Cells Melter by :
Download or read book Vitrification of Cesium-loaded Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) in the Shielded Cells Melter written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the Tanks Focus Area, the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory participated in a joint project in which supernate waste from the Melton Valley Storage Tanks at Oak Ridge was treated by passage through a crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchange column. CST was designed to sorb Cs- 137, Sr-90 and several other radionuclides from highly alkaline solutions containing large quantities of sodium. 2 After demonstrating the effectiveness of CST as an ion exchange medium, ORNL shipped some of the loaded sorbent to SRTC where it was mixed with glass formers and processed in a joule-heated melter within the SRTC Shielded Cells. This report details the results of the melter run, along with the preparations that were required to complete the campaign.
Book Synopsis Digestion of Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST). by : WALKER. DARREL
Download or read book Digestion of Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST). written by WALKER. DARREL and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers tested methods for chemically dissolving crystalline silicotitanate (CST) as a substitute for mechanical grinding to reduce particle size before vitrification. Testing used the commercially available form of CST, UOP IONSIV(R) IE-911. Reduction of the particle size to a range similar to that of the glass frit used by the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) could reduce problems with coupling cesium ion exchange to the vitrification process. This study found that IONSIV(R) IE-911 dissolves completely using a combination of acid, hydrogen peroxide, and fluoride ion. Neutralization of the resulting acidic solution precipitates components of the IONSIV(R) IE-911. Digestion requires extremely corrosive conditions. Also, large particles may reform during neutralization, and the initiation and rate of gas generation are unpredictable. Therefore, the method is not recommended as a substitute for mechanical grinding.
Book Synopsis Glass Formulation Development for the Vitrification of Oak Ridge Tank Waste by :
Download or read book Glass Formulation Development for the Vitrification of Oak Ridge Tank Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystalline silicotitanate (CST) is a highly specific ion exchange material for cesium. In particular, CST has been successfully demonstrated with both simulants and actual supernates from Savannah River and Hanford tank wastes. As a disposal option, vitrification of the cesium-loaded CST coupled with High-Level Waste (HLW) has been proposed. However, the CST sorbent contains significant quantities of titanium which historically have been difficult to incorporate into the glass structure. Therefore, nonradioactive tests using CST coupled with simulated HLW were performed to develop a glass formulation that would be both processable and durable. The results of the simulated crucible melts were verified using radioactive waste and cesium-loaded CST. This paper will detail the results of the formulation efforts.
Book Synopsis Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries by : Shri Ramaswamy
Download or read book Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries written by Shri Ramaswamy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation and purification processes play a critical role in biorefineries and their optimal selection, design and operation to maximise product yields and improve overall process efficiency. Separations and purifications are necessary for upstream processes as well as in maximising and improving product recovery in downstream processes. These processes account for a significant fraction of the total capital and operating costs and also are highly energy intensive. Consequently, a better understanding of separation and purification processes, current and possible alternative and novel advanced methods is essential for achieving the overall techno-economic feasibility and commercial success of sustainable biorefineries. This book presents a comprehensive overview focused specifically on the present state, future challenges and opportunities for separation and purification methods and technologies in biorefineries. Topics covered include: Equilibrium Separations: Distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. Affinity-Based Separations: Adsorption, ion exchange, and simulated moving bed technologies. Membrane Based Separations: Microfiltration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration, nanofiltration, membrane pervaporation, and membrane distillation. Solid-liquid Separations: Conventional filtration and solid-liquid extraction. Hybrid/Integrated Reaction-Separation Systems: Membrane bioreactors, extractive fermentation, reactive distillation and reactive absorption. For each of these processes, the fundamental principles and design aspects are presented, followed by a detailed discussion and specific examples of applications in biorefineries. Each chapter also considers the market needs, industrial challenges, future opportunities, and economic importance of the separation and purification methods. The book concludes with a series of detailed case studies including cellulosic bioethanol production, extraction of algae oil from microalgae, and production of biopolymers. Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries is an essential resource for scientists and engineers, as well as researchers and academics working in the broader conventional and emerging bio-based products industry, including biomaterials, biochemicals, biofuels and bioenergy.
Book Synopsis The 1996 Baseline Environmental Management Report: Report by :
Download or read book The 1996 Baseline Environmental Management Report: Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Capital Programming Guide by : United States. Office of Management and Budget
Download or read book Capital Programming Guide written by United States. Office of Management and Budget and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth by : Govindhan Dhanaraj
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Govindhan Dhanaraj and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 1823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.
Book Synopsis Applications of Random Matrices in Physics by : Édouard Brezin
Download or read book Applications of Random Matrices in Physics written by Édouard Brezin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-03 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Random matrices are widely and successfully used in physics for almost 60-70 years, beginning with the works of Dyson and Wigner. Although it is an old subject, it is constantly developing into new areas of physics and mathematics. It constitutes now a part of the general culture of a theoretical physicist. Mathematical methods inspired by random matrix theory become more powerful, sophisticated and enjoy rapidly growing applications in physics. Recent examples include the calculation of universal correlations in the mesoscopic system, new applications in disordered and quantum chaotic systems, in combinatorial and growth models, as well as the recent breakthrough, due to the matrix models, in two dimensional gravity and string theory and the non-abelian gauge theories. The book consists of the lectures of the leading specialists and covers rather systematically many of these topics. It can be useful to the specialists in various subjects using random matrices, from PhD students to confirmed scientists.
Download or read book ACS Monograph written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Design of Zeolite Catalysts by : Miki Niwa
Download or read book Characterization and Design of Zeolite Catalysts written by Miki Niwa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-17 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis and catalyst is a key technology to solve the problems in energy and environment issues to sustain our human society. We believe that comprehensive understanding of the catalysis and catalyst provides us a chance to develop a new catalyst and contributes greatly to our society. However, the ?eld of heterogeneous catalyst is dif?cultto study andstill stays behindmoredeveloped?elds ofchemistry such as organic and physical chemistries. This is a dilemma to the chemists who study the catalysis and catalyst. While we can accomplish the progress in the - dustrial application, the scienti?c understandingis not complete yet. A gap between the useful application and incomplete scienti?c understanding, however, becomes smaller and smaller in recent years. Because zeolites are ?ne crystals, and the structure is clearly known, the study on the catalysis using the zeolites is easier than those encountered in other catalysts such as metals and metal oxides. Very fortunately, zeolites provide us the strong acidity with the ?ne distribution which enables various useful catalytic reactions. When some metals and cations are loaded in close to the acid sites, these loadede- ments show extraordinarycharacters, and many catalytic reactions proceed thereon.
Book Synopsis Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials by : Clearfield
Download or read book Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials written by Clearfield and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extends the frontiers of the ion exchange technologist and highlights new materials for the future.
Book Synopsis Experiments in Reduced Gravity by : Nikolaus Kuhn
Download or read book Experiments in Reduced Gravity written by Nikolaus Kuhn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments in Reduced Gravity: Sediment Settling on Mars is the first book to be published that reflects experiments conducted on Martian geomorphology in reduced gravity. This brief yet important book on sediment experiments assesses the theoretical and empirical foundation of the models used to analyze the increasing information we have on the past geography on Mars. The book also evaluates the need to develop new methods for analyzing new information by providing a conceptual outline and a case study on how experiments can be used to test current theoretical considerations. The conceptual approach to identifying the need for and role of experiments will be of interest to planetary scientists and geoscientists not necessarily involved with Mars, but those using experiments in their research who can apply the book's concepts.
Book Synopsis Compound Forming Extractants, Solvating Solvents and Inert Solvents by : Y. Marcus
Download or read book Compound Forming Extractants, Solvating Solvents and Inert Solvents written by Y. Marcus and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equilibrium Constants of Liquid-Liquid Distribution Reactions, Part III: Compound Forming Extractants, Solvating Solvents, and Inert Solvents focuses on the compilation of equilibrium constants of various compounds, such as acids, ions, salts, and aqueous solutions. The manuscript presents tables that show the distribution reactions of carboxylic and sulfonic acid extractants and their dimerization and other reactions in the organic phase and extraction reactions of metal ions from aqueous solutions. The book also states that the inorganic anions in these solutions are irrelevant, since they do not take part in the extraction reaction. The publication examines tables that illustrate the distribution of inorganic acids, salts, and complexes between aqueous solutions and solvents that have oxygen donor atoms. Tables that show the distribution of inorganic acids, salts, and complexes between aqueous solutions and inert solvents that do not have donor atoms and often utilized as inert diluents are also presented. The manuscript is a vital reference for readers and researchers interested in the equilibrium constants of compounds.
Download or read book Binary Systems written by H. Stephen and published by Reader's Digest Young Families. This book was released on 1963-01-01 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds, Volume 1: Binary Systems, Part 1 is part of an approximately 5,500-page manual containing a selection from the International Chemical Literature on the Solubilities of Elements, Inorganic Compounds, Metallo-organic and Organic Compounds in Binary, Ternary and Multi-component Systems. A careful survey of the literature in all languages by a panel of scientists specially appointed for the task by the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow, has made the compilation of this work possible. The complete English edition in five separately bound volumes w...
