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Population Genetics And Mixed Stock Analysis Of Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta With Molecular Genetics
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Book Synopsis Population Genetics and Mixed Stock Analysis of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) with Molecular Genetics by : Michael R. Garvin
Download or read book Population Genetics and Mixed Stock Analysis of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) with Molecular Genetics written by Michael R. Garvin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are important for subsistence and commercial harvest in Alaska. Variability of returns to western Alaskan drainages that caused economic hardship for stakeholders has led to speculation about reasons, which may include both anthropogenic and environmental causes in the marine environment. Mixed stock analysis (MSA) compares genetic information from an individual caught at sea to a reference baseline of genotypes to assign it to its population of origin. Application of genetic baselines requires several complex steps that can introduce bias. The bias may reduce the accuracy of MSA and result in overly-optimistic evaluations of baselines. Moreover, some applications that minimize bias cannot use informative haploid mitochondria) variation. Costs of baseline development are species-specific and difficult to predict. Finally, because populations of western Alaskan chum salmon demonstrate weak genetic divergence, samples from mixtures cannot be accurately assigned to a population of origin. The chapters of this thesis address three challenges. The first chapter describes technical aspects of genetic marker development. The second chapter describes a method to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a genetic baseline that accepts any type of data and reduces bias that may have been introduced during baseline development. This chapter also includes a method that places a cost on baseline development by predicting the number of markers needed to achieve a given accuracy. The final chapter explores the reasons for the weak genetic structure of western Alaskan chum salmon populations. The results of those analyses and both geological and archaeological data suggest that recent environmental and geological processes may be involved. The methods and analyses in this thesis can be applied to any species and may be particularly useful for other western Alaskan species.
Book Synopsis Identification and Application of Molecular Markers to Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) Population Genetics by : Michael R. Garvin
Download or read book Identification and Application of Molecular Markers to Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) Population Genetics written by Michael R. Garvin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I developed a new technique, DEco-TILLING (an adaptation of Eco-TILLING), to discover useful single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rapidly and inexpensively. Some chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) populations have declined in Western Alaska and in other areas of their geographic range. Possible reasons include climate shifts, by-catch in fisheries, and other perturbations. Genetics offers powerful tools that can be used to monitor this species on the high seas in stock mixtures aiding management of by-catch identification and other contributors to declines. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are a genetic marker that can be easily and rapidly surveyed on many individuals. Tools like SNPs offer advantages in discriminating stocks in mixtures. However, tens or hundreds of informative SNPs must be discovered from among the millions in the chum salmon genome. Available discovery methods introduce ascertainment bias into this process, which can result in uninformative SNPs or the failure to identify useful ones. I incorporated and improved a genotyping assay to screen SNPs in thousands of individuals for a tenth of the cost of the standard available assay, and improved an assay to resolve the phase of linked SNPs. I show that the SNPs that I discovered are informative and can be use for mixed stock analysis"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Application of Molecular Markers to Mixed-stock Analysis of Yukon River Fall Chum Salmon by : Blair Gerald Flannery
Download or read book Application of Molecular Markers to Mixed-stock Analysis of Yukon River Fall Chum Salmon written by Blair Gerald Flannery and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Country of origin provides the basis for allocating harvests of Yukon River chum salmon. The genetic divergence among Yukon River chum salmon populations adjacent to the international border as revealed by allozyme and micro satellite variation is insufficient to determine the country of origin of returning fish using mixed-stock analysis (MSA). Consequently, we investigated the resolution provided by alternative genetic markers in an attempt to detect levels of divergence that would be sufficient for MSA. We analyzed 10 Yukon River chum salmon populations for variation at 30 variable amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci and for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction site variation. We assessed these markers for their utility in MSA and, for mtDNA, phylogeographic analysis. The AFLP results show that MSA was most successful when mixtures were allocated to regions. The AFLP data were able to provide improved country of origin MSA estimates for the border populations with a 6.5% improvement for the Canadian populations over micro satellite analysis. No divergence in mtDNA haplotype frequency distributions was detected (P>0.05) within the Yukon River. Lack of mtDNA divergence likely resulted from a Pleistocene bottleneck that led to panmixia of the mtDNA genome"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Genetic Stock Composition of Chum Salmon Harvested in Commercial Salmon Fisheries of the South Alaska Peninsula, 2022-2026 by : M. Birch Foster
Download or read book Genetic Stock Composition of Chum Salmon Harvested in Commercial Salmon Fisheries of the South Alaska Peninsula, 2022-2026 written by M. Birch Foster and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of this study is to use mixed stock analysis to estimate the stock composition of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta harvested in South Alaska Peninsula Management Area (southern portion of Area M) commercial salmon fisheries during the 2022 to 2026 seasons. Relatively large harvests of chum salmon in South Alaska Peninsula fisheries in recent years corresponding with small returns of chum salmon to Western Alaska rivers has raised concerns among some stakeholders about the stock-specific harvests in South Alaska Peninsula fisheries. Salmon tagging studies published in 1926, 1964, and 1991 and subsequent genetic stock identification projects conducted in 1993-1996 and 2007-2009 demonstrated significant numbers of non-local chum salmon in the June and early July commercial fisheries of the South Alaska Peninsula. Presently, some stakeholders believe that relative abundances among stocks in the fishery have changed since stock-specific chum harvests were last estimated in South Alaska Peninsula harvests as part of the Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Program (WASSIP) in 2007-2009. An updated study that accurately and precisely estimates stock-specific harvests would help resolve these concerns and provide valuable management information regarding the gear- and temporal-specific harvests of chum salmon in select South Peninsula fisheries. This operational plan provides the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) with a sampling and genetic analysis plan to achieve that overall goal.
Book Synopsis Molecular Genetics in Fisheries by : Gary R. Carvalho
Download or read book Molecular Genetics in Fisheries written by Gary R. Carvalho and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic principle of all molecular genetic methods is to employ inherited, discrete and stable markers to identify genotypes that characterize individuals, populations or species. Such genetic data can provide information ori the levels and distribution of genetic variability in relation to mating patterns, life history, population size, migration and environment. Although molecular tools have long been employed to address various questions in fisheries biology and management, their contributions to the field are sometimes unclear, and often controversial. Much of the initial impetus for the deployment of molecular markers arose from the desire to assess fish stock structure based on various interpretations of the stock concept. Although such studies have met with varying success, they continue to provide an impetus for the development of increasingly sensitive population discriminators, yielding information that can be valuable for both sustainable exploitation and the conservation of fish populations. In the last major synthesis of the subject, Ryman and Utter (1987) summarized progress and applications, though this was prior to the wide-scale adoption of DNA methodology. New sources of genetic markers and protocols are now available, in particular those that exploit the widely distributed and highly variable repeat sequences of DNA, and the amplification technique of the polymerase chain reaction.
Book Synopsis Chum Salmon Baseline for the Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Program by : Nicholas A. Decovich
Download or read book Chum Salmon Baseline for the Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Program written by Nicholas A. Decovich and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainty about the magnitude, frequency, location, and timing of the nonlocal harvest of sockeye and chum salmon was the impetus for the Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Program. The program was designed to use genetic data in mixed stock analysis to reduce this uncertainty. A baseline of allele frequencies in spawning populations is required for use in mixed-stock analysis to estimate the stock of origin of harvested fish. This report describes the methodology used to understand the population genetic structure among chum salmon populations and to build and test a baseline for use in mixed stock analysis of chum salmon. Of the 35,921 fish from 434 collections selected to be genotyped, the final baseline was composed of 32,817 fish from 402 collections representing 310 populations. Average population sample size was 106 fish. Reporting groups were determined through a combination of stakeholder needs and identifiability using genetic information, as measured using proof tests. The final reporting groups included Asia, Kotzebue Sound, Coastal Western Alaska, Upper Yukon River, Northern District (Alaska Peninsula), Northwest District (Alaska Peninsula), South Peninsula (Alaska Peninsula), Chignik/Kodiak, and East of Kodiak.
Book Synopsis Genetic Differentiation of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Alaska Influenced by Glacial History by : Eleni L. Petrou
Download or read book Genetic Differentiation of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) in Alaska Influenced by Glacial History written by Eleni L. Petrou and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One major goal of fisheries management is to ensure the sustainable harvest of wild populations so that productivity is stable over time. Information on population structure is necessary for effective fishery management because it helps describe the appropriate spatial scale for management units, and can identify populations that are small or isolated and need protection from overharvest. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is a species targeted by both commercial and subsistence fisheries. Estimating fine-scale population structure of chum salmon in Alaska is of increasing concern because of fluctuating census sizes, and the uncertain effects of bycatch on specific populations. In this study we examined the genetic structure of 66 chum salmon populations spawning in waterways on the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island. This area was covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet 25,000 years before present, and spawning habitats were unavailable for salmon at this time. Thus, colonization of the region by salmon occurred relatively recently. We found that chum salmon populations on the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island contain considerable genetic diversity for the species. Patterns of differentiation appear to be influenced by the geographic distance separating populations, glacial history of the region, and time since colonization. The fine-scale genetic data that we have assembled will be useful to fisheries managers as they continue to evaluate the impacts of bycatch and monitor the long-term productivity of chum salmon populations.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Genetics of Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus Keta (Walbaum) by : William Williams Smoker
Download or read book Quantitative Genetics of Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus Keta (Walbaum) written by William Williams Smoker and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chum salmon from different stocks were bred together in two experiments. Three stocks contributed gametes to one experiment, two stocks to another. Sibling groups of eggs, alevins, and fry were maintained in a common environment. Variability of development rates, rearing performance, susceptibility to disease, and behavioral traits was partitioned into genetic and non-genetic components. Embryonic development rate differed among the progeny of sires in crossbred groups. Its heritability was high in crossbred but not in purebred groups, and was correlated with geographical location of parental stocks and size of eggs. Size after rearing was affected by sires within parental groups indicating that its heritability is significant. It was also affected by egg size and geographical location of parental stock. Susceptibility to the marine disease vibriosis in controlled and natural challenges differed among sires within parental stocks. It is probably heritable in these stocks. Behavioral response to a salinity gradient, and length of residence in a stream were not affected by sires or parental stocks. Evidence for interactive effects was lacking for all traits. These observations lead to acceptance of the hypothesis that observed traits related to fitness (e.g., development rate) exhibit significant additive genetic variability in crossbred groups of salmon but not in purebred groups. Thus, the notion that crossbreeding may be advantageous cannot be excluded. A conceptual model is described for assessing selection in either a wild or hatchery stock. Dynamics are simulated for a stock in which (1) the number of returns per spawner depends on the number of spawners, (2) the number of returns is reduced biennially (simulating competition from pink salmon), and (3) age of maturation is 3 or 4 years. When age of maturation is given high heritability (h2=1) both average age and abundance cycle biennially; when heritability is low (h2=0) average age but not abundance cycles biennially. The first pattern has been reported for chum salmon in places where pink salmon spawn in significant numbers biennially. This result suggests that chum salmon, by genetic regulation of their age structure, can avoid competition with pink salmon.
Book Synopsis Genetic Structure of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) Populations in the Lower Columbia River by : S. F. Young
Download or read book Genetic Structure of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) Populations in the Lower Columbia River written by S. F. Young and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the 1950's, the lower Columbia River drainage supported a run of over a million chum salmon composed of at least 16 populations. By the late 1950's, over-fishing and habitat destruction had decreased the run to as little as a few hundred fish. With the exception of Grays River in the coastal region of the Columbia River and an aggregation of chum salmon spawning in creeks and the mainstem near Bonneville Dam in the Columbia Gorge region, most populations were considered extinct. However, over the years, WDFW biologists detected chum salmon spawning in tributaries originating in the Cascade Range: the Cowlitz, Lewis, and Washougal rivers. Further, chum salmon in the Cowlitz River appeared to have summer and fall run-timings. To assess whether Cascade spawners were strays from Grays River and Gorge regions or remnants of former populations, chum salmon from the Coastal, Cascade and Gorge regions were characterized genetically at 17 microsatellite loci. With the exception of Washougal River chum salmon, which grouped strongly with the Gorge genetic group, significant heterogeneity in genotype distributions were detected between regions and genotype distributions overlapped among collections within regions. In a neighbor-joining consensus tree, regional groups occupied branches with over 77% bootstrap support. In assignment tests, over 63% of individuals were correctly assigned back to region of origin although an average of 29% assigned to river of origin. Genetic distinction of Cascade region chum salmon was similar to distinction of Coastal and Gorge chum salmon and the Cascade region chum salmon had twice the number of private regional alleles. Further, the Cowlitz River supports the only summer chum salmon run in the Columbia River drainage. We propose that chum salmon in the Cascade region are remnants of original populations. We attribute the strong divergence between regional groups to diverse ecological conditions in each region, which promoted regional genetic adaptation and to genetic drift experienced in small populations.
Book Synopsis Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon from the Prohibited Species Catch of the 2016 Bering Sea Walleye Pollock Trawl Fishery and Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Fisheries by : Jackie Whittle
Download or read book Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon from the Prohibited Species Catch of the 2016 Bering Sea Walleye Pollock Trawl Fishery and Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Fisheries written by Jackie Whittle and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A genetic analysis of the prohibited species catch (PSC) of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) collected during 2016 from the federally managed walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) trawl fishery in the Bering Sea and from the federal groundfish fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) was undertaken to determine the overall stock composition of the sample sets. Samples were genotyped for 11 microsatellite markers from which stock contributions were estimated using the current chum salmon microsatellite baseline. In 2016, one genetic sample was collected for every 30.6 chum salmon caught in the Bering Sea midwater trawl fishery. The evaluation of sampling in the Bering Sea based on time, location, and vessel indicated that the genetic samples were representative of the total chum salmon PSC in the Bering Sea. The majority of the 114 chum salmon samples from the A-season were from Northeast Asia (37%) and Eastern GOA/Pacific Northwest (PNW) (37%) stocks. Based on the analysis of 2,701 chum salmon collected throughout the B-season, the largest stock groups in the catch were Eastern GOA/PNW (35%) and Northeast Asia (31%), followed by Western Alaska (19%), Southeast Asia (9%), Upper/Middle Yukon (5%), and Southwest Alaska (
Download or read book Fishery Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon Bycatch Samples from the 2008 Bering Sea Groundfish Fisheries by : Andrew Karl Gray
Download or read book Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon Bycatch Samples from the 2008 Bering Sea Groundfish Fisheries written by Andrew Karl Gray and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A genetic analysis of samples from the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) bycatch of the 2008 Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) trawl fishery was undertaken to determine the overall stock composition of the sample set. Samples were genotyped for eleven microsatellite markers and results were estimated using the current chum salmon microsatellite baseline. In 2008, genetic samples were collected opportunistically as part of a special project, but sample biases have the potential to affect stock composition analysis results. Consequently, stock composition estimates apply to the sample set and may not represent the entire chum salmon bycatch. Based on the analysis of 629 chum salmon bycatch samples collected throughout the 2008 Bering Sea trawl fishery, North Asian (27%), East Asian (35%), and Eastern Gulf of Alaska/Pacific Northwest (24%) stocks dominated the sample set, with smaller contributions from western Alaska (7%) and Upper/Middle Yukon River (6%) stocks. The estimates for the 2008 chum salmon bycatch sample set were similar to the 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2009 chum salmon bycatch estimates, suggesting consistency of the regional stock contributions across years. Analysis of temporal groupings within the groundfish "B" season revealed changes in stock composition during the course of the season with decreasing contribution of Eastern Gulf of Alaska/Pacific Northwest stocks over time, but leaves unanswered whether these changes are due to temporal or spatial differences in the sample set.
Book Synopsis Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon from the Prohibited Species Catch of the 2015 Bering Sea Walleye Pollock Trawl Fishery and Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Fisheries by : Christine M. Kondzela
Download or read book Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon from the Prohibited Species Catch of the 2015 Bering Sea Walleye Pollock Trawl Fishery and Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Fisheries written by Christine M. Kondzela and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A genetic analysis of the prohibited species catch (PSC) of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) collected during 2015 from the federally managed walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) trawl fishery in the Bering Sea and from the federal groundfish fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) was undertaken to determine the overall stock composition of the sample sets. Additionally, a genetic analysis was conducted of chum salmon collected in the southeastern Bering Sea during a test of a salmon excluder device. Samples were genotyped for 11 microsatellite markers from which stock contributions were estimated using the current chum salmon microsatellite baseline. In 2015, one genetic sample was collected for every 30.5 chum salmon caught in the Bering Sea midwater trawl fishery. The evaluation of sampling in the Bering Sea based on time, location, and vessel indicated that the genetic samples were representative of the total chum salmon PSC in the Bering Sea. The small set of chum salmon samples (142) from the A-season were mostly from Northeast Asia (41%) and Eastern GOA/PNW (47%) stocks. Based on the analysis of 1,836 chum salmon collected throughout the B-season, the largest stock group in the catch was Eastern GOA/Pacific Northwest (PNW) (51%), followed by Northeast Asia (17%), Western Alaska (16%), Southeast Asia (10%), Upper/Middle Yukon (4%), and Southwest Alaska (
Book Synopsis Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon Bycatch Samples from the 2006 Bering Sea Groundfish Fisheries by : Colby Tyler Marvin
Download or read book Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon Bycatch Samples from the 2006 Bering Sea Groundfish Fisheries written by Colby Tyler Marvin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A genetic analysis of samples from the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) bycatch of the 2006 Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) trawl fishery was undertaken to determine the overall stock composition of the sample set. Samples were genotyped for eleven microsatellite markers and results were estimated using the current chum salmon microsatellite baseline. In 2006, genetic samples were collected opportunistically as part of a special project, but sample biases have the potential to affect stock composition analysis results. Consequently, stock composition estimates apply to the sample set and may not represent the entire chum salmon bycatch. Based on the analysis of 1,367 chum salmon bycatch samples collected throughout the 2006 Bering Sea trawl fishery, North Asian (31%), East Asian (29%), and Eastern Gulf of Alaska/Pacific Northwest (25%) stocks dominated the sample set with smaller contributions from Western Alaska (8%) and Upper/Middle Yukon River (6%) stocks. The estimates for the 2006 chum salmon bycatch sample set were similar to the 2005 and 2009 chum salmon bycatch estimates, suggesting consistency of the regional stock contributions across years. Analysis of temporal groupings within the groundfish "B" season revealed changes in stock composition during the course of the season with decreasing contribution of Upper/Middle Yukon stocks over time, but leaves unanswered whether these changes are due to temporal or spatial differences in the sample set.
Book Synopsis Joint Chum Salmon Technical Committee Report by : Pacific Salmon Commission. Chum Salmon Technical Committee
Download or read book Joint Chum Salmon Technical Committee Report written by Pacific Salmon Commission. Chum Salmon Technical Committee and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon from the Prohibited Species Catch of the 2014 Bering Sea Walleye Pollock Trawl Fishery and Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Fisheries by : Christine M. Kondzela
Download or read book Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon from the Prohibited Species Catch of the 2014 Bering Sea Walleye Pollock Trawl Fishery and Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Fisheries written by Christine M. Kondzela and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A genetic analysis of the prohibited species catch (PSC) of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) collected during 2014 from the federally managed walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) trawl fishery in the Bering Sea and the federal groundfish fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) was undertaken to determine the overall stock composition of the sample sets. Samples were genotyped for 11 microsatellite markers from which stock contributions were estimated using the current chum salmon microsatellite baseline. In 2014, one genetic sample was collected for every 30.2 chum salmon caught in the Bering Sea midwater trawl fishery. The evaluation of sampling in the Bering Sea based on time, location, and vessel indicated that the genetic samples were representative of the total chum salmon PSC in the Bering Sea. Based on the analysis of 1,741 chum salmon collected throughout the 2014 Bering Sea trawl fishery, the largest stock group in the catch was Northeast Asia (37%), followed by Eastern GOA/Pacific Northwest (PNW) (24%), Southeast Asia (19%), Western Alaska (18%), Upper/Middle Yukon (2%), and Southwest Alaska (
Book Synopsis Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon Bycatch Samples from the 2007 Bering Sea Groundfish Fisheries by : Andrew Karl Gray
Download or read book Genetic Stock Composition Analysis of Chum Salmon Bycatch Samples from the 2007 Bering Sea Groundfish Fisheries written by Andrew Karl Gray and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A genetic analysis of samples from the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) bycatch of the 2007 Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) trawl fishery was undertaken to determine the overall stock composition of the sample set. Samples were genotyped for eleven microsatellite markers and results were estimated using the current chum salmon microsatellite baseline. In 2007, genetic samples were collected opportunistically as part of a special project, but sample biases have the potential to affect stock composition analysis results. Consequently, stock composition estimates apply to the sample set and may not represent the entire chum salmon bycatch. Based on the analysis of 1,279 chum salmon bycatch samples collected throughout the 2007 Bering Sea trawl fishery, North Asian (35%), East Asian (34%), and Eastern Gulf of Alaska/Pacific Northwest (16%) stocks dominated the sample set, with smaller contributions from Western Alaska (10%) and Upper/Middle Yukon River (5%) stocks. The estimates for the 2007 chum salmon bycatch sample set were similar to the 2005, 2006, and 2009 chum salmon bycatch estimates, suggesting consistency of the regional stock contributions across years. Analysis of temporal groupings within the groundfish "B" season revealed changes in stock composition during the course of the season with decreasing contribution of Upper/Middle Yukon stocks over time, but leaves unanswered whether these changes are due to temporal or spatial differences in the sample set.
