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Author : Amanda L. Bradford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (529 download)
Download or read book Population Assessment of Western North Pacific Gray Whales (Eschrichtius Robustus) written by Amanda L. Bradford and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mary Lou Jones
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080923720
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius Robustus written by Mary Lou Jones and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius robustus provides an introduction to the understanding of Eschrichtius robustus or the gray whale. This book explores the life processes, reproduction, and growth of large cetacean populations. Organized into four parts encompassing 25 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the gray whale evolution, fossils, and subfossil remains, range, and systematics in historical times. This text then presents the historical of gray whale exploitation and the economic importance of these whales to humans. Other chapters consider the gray whale migration, abundance, and seasonal distribution in the wake of the California population's recovery from depletion. This book discusses as well the methods used in shore-based censuses during migration and in aerial surveys of gray whales taken on their winter grounds. The final chapter deals with some innovative approaches to the study of free-ranging cetaceans. This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists, paleontologists, biologists, and naturalists.
Author : Anna Maria D'Intino
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (779 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Population Structure in the Eastern North Pacific Gray Whale (Eschrichtius Robustus) written by Anna Maria D'Intino and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stephen Blake Reilly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Population Assessment and Population Dynamics of the California Gray Whale (Eschrichtius Robustus) written by Stephen Blake Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Aimée R. Lang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124100791
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book The Population Genetics of Gray Whales (Eschrichtius Robustus) in the North Pacific written by Aimée R. Lang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the North Pacific, gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) are recognized as distinct eastern and western populations. Although both populations were severely reduced by whaling, the eastern population is generally considered to have recovered while the western population has remained highly depleted. This study expanded on previous work supporting differentiation between eastern and western populations using mtDNA and utilized a panel of 13 microsatellite loci to provide additional insight into the population structure of gray whales. Comparison of microsatellite allele frequencies indicated that eastern and western populations are genetically distinct. Although highly statistically significant, the level of nuclear differentiation between the two populations was relatively low, and the results of sex-specific analyses and assignment testing suggested that some degree of male-biased dispersal may occur between populations. Within the set of samples collected from animals on the primary western feeding ground, relatedness analyses revealed that, consistent with field observations, the fidelity of females and their offspring to this area have been important in shaping the structure of the population. Furthermore, analysis of the paternity of animals first identified as calves, with known and sampled mothers, in the western population between 1995 and 2007 identified 18 males as putative fathers, providing evidence that many of the animals identified on the Sakhalin feeding ground interbreed with each other, presumably while sharing a common migratory route. However, the success of the paternity assignment was lower than expected given the high proportion of sampled animals in this population, suggesting that some males which are contributing to reproduction may not use the primary western feeding ground on a regular basis. The combination of these results suggests that the population structure of gray whales in the North Pacific is more complex than previously thought, and that some movements between the eastern and western populations may take place. However, the maintenance of genetic differences between the two populations supports their recognition as separate eastern and western populations. Future efforts should focus on elucidating the nature and extent of any dispersal which is occurring in order to better understand factors potentially influencing the recovery of the small western population.
Author : André E. Punt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (525 download)
Download or read book Population Status of the Eastern North Pacific Stock of Gray Whales in 2009 written by André E. Punt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An age- and sex-structured population dynamics model is fitted using Bayesian methods to data on the catches and abundance estimates for the eastern North Pacific (ENP) stock of gray whales (Eschrictius robustus). The prior distributions used for these analyses incorporate revised estimates of abundance for ENP gray whales and account explicitly for the drop in abundance caused by the 1999-2000 mortality event. A series of analyses are conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to different assumptions. The baseline analysis estimates the ENP gray whale population to be above the maximum net productivity level (MNPL), because the posterior mean for the ratio of 2009 abundance to MNPL, termed the optimal sustainable population ratio, is 1.29 (with a posterior median of 1.37 and a 90% probability interval of 0.68-1.51), indicating the population is estimated to be well above MNPL. The baseline analysis estimates a probability of 0.884 that the population is above its MNPL, which means there is a 0.884 probability that it is at its optimum sustainable population size as defined by the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. These results are consistent across all the model runs. The baseline model also estimates the 2009 ENP gray whale population size (posterior mean of 21,911) to be at 85% of its carrying capacity (posterior mean of 25,808), and this is also consistent across all the model runs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780660267050
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (67 download)
Download or read book COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Grey Whale, Eschrichtius Robustus, Northern Pacific Migratory Population, Pacific Coast Feeding Group Population, Western Pacific Population, in Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : TWISS JOHN R
Publisher : Smithsonian
ISBN 13 : 9781560987789
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (877 download)
Download or read book CONSERV MGMT MARINE MAMMALS written by TWISS JOHN R and published by Smithsonian. This book was released on 1999-09-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Providing insight into issues that involve a complex mixture of scientific, social, economic, and political considerations, Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals is a valuable reference for students, scientists, conservationists, and policymakers."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Jeffrey Lee Laake
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (496 download)
Download or read book Re-analysis of Gray Whale Southbound Migration Surveys 1967-2006 written by Jeffrey Lee Laake and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1967 and 2007, 23 seasons of shore-based counts of the Eastern North Pacific (ENP) stock of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) were conducted throughout all or most of the southbound migration near Carmel, California. Population estimates have been derived from these surveys using a variety of techniques that were adapted as the data collection protocol evolved. The subsequent time series of estimates was used to evaluate trend and population status, resulting in the conclusion that the population was no longer endangered and had achieved its optimum sustainable population (OSP) level. We re-evaluated the data from all of the surveys using a common estimation procedure and an improved method for treatment of error in pod size and detection probability estimation. The newly derived abundance estimates between 1967 and 1987 were generally larger (-2.5% to 21%) than previous abundance estimates. However, the opposite was the case for survey years 1992 to 2006, with estimates declining from -4.9% to -29%. This pattern is largely explained by the differences in the correction for pod size bias which occurred because the pod sizes in the calibration data overrepresented pods of two or more whales and underrepresented single whales relative to the estimated true pod size distribution.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Gray Whale Monitoring Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Scott Goerlitz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (623 download)
Download or read book Genetic Population Structure of Eastern North Pacific Gray Whales (Eschrichtius Robustus) on Winter Breeding Grounds in Baja California written by David Scott Goerlitz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Glenn Andrew Gailey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (868 download)
Download or read book Anthropogenic Disturbance of Western Gray Whale Behavior Off Sakhalin Island, Russia written by Glenn Andrew Gailey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The western North Pacific population of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) is critically endangered of extinction. The population size is estimated to be 131 individuals with 31 reproductive females. Throughout their potential home range, the western gray whale population face several threats to their future survival. On their only known feeding grounds off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia, anthropogenic activity has increased in the past decade due to oil and gas exploration and platform/pipeline construction. This dissertation examines the influences of geophysical seismic surveys (pulse sounds) and platform/pipeline installation (continuous sounds). Each chapter progressively improves upon behavioral models that assess changes in gray whale movements and respirations relative to anthropogenic activity. Theodolite tracking and focal follow methodologies were employed to collect gray whales' movement and respiration information during and in the absence of anthropogenic activity. Spatial, temporal, environmental, and acoustic (pulse and/or continuous) sound levels and non-sound related anthropogenic variables were included as explanatory variables to examine their influence on movement and respiration response variables, such as speed, orientations, dive/surface time, breathing rates, etc. During the 3-D seismic activity, gray whales traveled faster, changed directions of movement less, were recorded farther from shore and stayed underwater longer between respirations as the received sound level exposure increased. During platform/pipeline installations, western gray whales increased their distance from shore with indicators of stress (rapid breathing) and observed to be sensitive to close distance of approach by vessels. No acoustic influence on western gray whale behavior was found during a 4-D seismic survey; however, sample sizes were small in this study to sufficiently detect more subtle to moderate changes in gray whale behavior. These studies illustrate short-term influences anthropogenic activity had on western gray whale behavior which could lead to longer-term responses that may be detrimental to the survival of certain individuals and/or the population. A comprehensive analyses are proposed to increase sample sizes to identify subtle to moderate behavioral changes as well as examine alternative hypotheses to the null hypothesis of no impact used in this dissertation. With the potential to displace individuals/population out of critical feeding habitats needed for their annual survival and the expected increase of anthropogenic activity in the future, this dissertation highlights the importance to monitor and identify problems and suggest alternatives to development/activities that may be impacting this endangered population of gray whales. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149559
Author : James L. Sumich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)
Download or read book Latitudinal Distribution, Calf Growth and Metabolsim, and Reproductive Energetics of Gray Whales, Eschrichtius Robustus written by James L. Sumich and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gray whales accomplish an annual migration which spans as much as 50° of latitude in the northeast Pacific Ocean. This migration links their summer high latitude feeding grounds with winter calving and breeding areas. The purpose of this study was to determine how adult females apportion their stored lipid reserves while away from their principal feeding areas to accommodate their own maintenance and locomotory needs while developing a fetus and transferring energy through lactation to support growth and maintenance of their calves. Major components of this study included examinations of migratory swimming speeds and costs of transport, of calf growth and mortality rates, of metabolic and heat loss rates, of summer distribution patterns, and of the magnitudes and utilization rates of maternal lipid reserves. The results of this study support the conclusions of other investigations that calf heat losses are similar to minimum observed metabolic rates, and that maintenance and lactation costs can be accommodated without winter feeding by all but the small adult females. It is suggested that present oceanographic conditions in the North Pacific Ocean support a larger gray whale population and allow very different gray whale feeding and migrating patterns than existed during the last glacial maximum.
Author : Joseph R. Geraci
Publisher : National Aquarium in Baltimore
ISBN 13 : 0977460908
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (774 download)
Download or read book Marine Mammals Ashore written by Joseph R. Geraci and published by National Aquarium in Baltimore. This book was released on 2005 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive manual for understanding and carrying out marine mammal rescue activities for stranded seals, manatees, dolphins, whales, or sea otters.
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428961356
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT on ISSUING A QUOTA TO THE MAKAH INDIAN TRIBE FOR A SUBSISTENCE HUNT ON GRAY WHALES FOR THE YEARS 2001 AND 2002 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Regina Anne Guazzo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Migrating Eastern North Pacific Gray Whale Behavior Compared Over Multiple Timescales written by Regina Anne Guazzo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mysticetes (baleen whales) often make long, annual migrations from high latitude summer feeding areas to low latitude wintering areas. Eastern North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) migrate within a few kilometers from shore for most of their route from summer feeding areas in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas to wintering areas in the lagoons along the south-western coast of the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. This dissertation combines passive acoustic recordings, infrared camera video, and visual sightings to investigate gray whale behavior and how it changes across different timescales. I use a four-element hydrophone array in central California to present the first published full-season acoustic monitoring and tracking of migrating gray whales. I describe the characteristics of calls produced by migrating gray whales and analyze how these characteristics change due to propagation. I show that gray whale behavior changes on diel and seasonal timescales. Notably, gray whales increase their vocalizations at night but their mean swimming behavior does not change, contrary to previous assumptions used in population size estimates. Over seasonal timescales, vocalizing gray whale swimming behavior aligns with previous observations. I explore how passive acoustic and infrared camera monitoring can help quantify whales by calculating cue rates or call and blow rates for migrating gray whales. Acoustic calling rates indicate that the gray whale population size is greater than estimated using visual sightings alone and that calling rate increases over the southbound migration. Infrared camera blow rates are less affected by whale behavior and are useful for daytime and nighttime monitoring, but are limited by visibility and distance. To understand gray whale behavior over seven migration seasons, I use visual daily counts at two sites and single-hydrophone call detections which indicate that migratory behavior seems to be driven more by intrinsic than the tested environmental factors. I find that the proportion of the population using a coastal route through the Southern California Bight, especially past Los Angeles, increased over these years. Understanding the behavior of migrating gray whales will help improve abundance estimates and determine how these whales may be impacted by nearshore anthropogenic activities and climate change.
Author : André E. Punt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (869 download)
Download or read book Seasonal Gray Whales in the Pacific Northwest written by André E. Punt and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A small group of gray whales, known as the Pacific Coast Feeding Group, or PCFG spends the summer and autumn along the Pacific coast of North America, where they overlap with the Makah Tribe's Usual and Accus tomed (U&A) fishing grounds off the coast of Washington. In 2005, the Makah requested that NOAA/NMFS waive the MMPA take moratorium and adopt regulations that would authorize the tribe to hunt ENP gray whales within their U&A. As part of its review of this proposed hunt, NMFS continues to evaluate information relevant to ENP stock structure a nd status, including the population dynamics of the PCFG. Assessing whether the PCFG is currently at Optimum Sustainable Population (OSP) (i.e., not depleted) was the objective of the analysis described in this report 1. The assessment is based on modifications to an existing population dynamics model used by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) to conduct projections of gray whale abundance. The model is deterministic, age- and sex-structured, and consists of two groups (the 'north' group and the PCFG) , which are assumed to be separate for purposes of the analysis, but with possible immigration between them. Parameter estimation is based on Bayesian methods"--Summary
