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Ponderosa Pine Seedlings And Competing Vegetation
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Book Synopsis Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foresters often need information on the cost effectiveness of manual and chemical release treatments for individual and combined species in young mixed-shrub communities. A study in northern Califomia evaluated five manual and chemical treatments and their effect on several shrubs and grasses. Treatments were grubbing at age 1 to 2- and 4 ft (0.6- and 1.2-m) radii, regrubbing and expanding the 2-ft radii to 4 ft, regrubbing and expanding the 4-ft radii to 6 A (1.8 m) at age 4, and applying Velpar herbicide to the entire plot at age 2. Five years after initial manual release and 4 years after chemical release, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) stem caliper at 12 in. (30 cm) above mean ground line differed significantly between Velpar and the untreated control, 2-ft radius, 4-ft radius, and 2-ft radius expanded to 4 ft. Expanding the radius from 4 to 6 feet provided a pine stem caliper that differed significantly from that in the control, and the 2-ft and 4-ft radii treatments. Additional analyses with ponderosa pine seedling height also indicated significant differences among treatmenu that were generally similar to those above. Differences among the six treatments, which are presented in 15 comparisons of stem caliper and treatment production rates, provide forest managers with growth and cost comparisons, and should aid them in selecting the release treatment best suited to their particular situation.
Book Synopsis Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the majority of available resources and lowering pine survival and growth. Competition thresholds or "how much is too much?" are: for treatments where a cleared radius is prescribed, no weeds are acceptable within the space needed for maximum growth of pine seedlings during the establishment period; for treatments involving the entire area, crown cover values of 10 to 30 percent seem to be the level beyond which shrub competition significantly affects pine growth. Methods for preparing the site, which include mechanical and chemical methods, use of fire, and combinations of treatments, show the interaction of site and ensuing vegetation. Techniques for controlling competing vegetation from seed include preventing such plants from getting started by use of preemergent herbicides or mats (collars). To prevent sprouting, hardwood trees and large shrubs can be pushed over, thereby getting the root crown out of the ground, or if still in the soil, grinding it out with a machine. Once present, the effect of weeds from seed can be minimized by grubbing or spraying when young, by grazing plants with cattle or sheep, or by introducing plants of low competitive ability. Once sprouting weeds are present, their effect can be minimized by spraying with chemicals, or if palatable, by grazing with cattle or sheep. Costs range from as low as $10 per acre ($25/ha) for aerially applying herbicides to $711 per acre ($1757/ha) for grinding out tanoak stumps.
Book Synopsis Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regeneration of Ponderosa Pine in the Northern Rocky Mountain-Intermountain Region by : Marvin W. Foiles
Download or read book Regeneration of Ponderosa Pine in the Northern Rocky Mountain-Intermountain Region written by Marvin W. Foiles and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Timing and Duration of Release Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Timing and Duration of Release Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Ponderosa Pine Reforestation Techniques in Central Arizona by : L. J. Heidmann
Download or read book Evaluation of Ponderosa Pine Reforestation Techniques in Central Arizona written by L. J. Heidmann and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Root Development and Survival of Planted Ponderosa Pine Seedlings as Influenced by Competing Vegetation by : Howard Loewenstein
Download or read book Root Development and Survival of Planted Ponderosa Pine Seedlings as Influenced by Competing Vegetation written by Howard Loewenstein and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Some Environmental Factors on Initial Establishment and Growth of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings by : Michael G. Harrington
Download or read book Influence of Some Environmental Factors on Initial Establishment and Growth of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings written by Michael G. Harrington and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vegetation Trends in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation Treated by Manual Release and Mulching by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Vegetation Trends in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation Treated by Manual Release and Mulching written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation by : Gary Fiddler
Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Gary Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation by : Gary O. Fiddler
Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Gary O. Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Mixed Shrub-ponderosa Pine Community in a Natural and Treated Condition by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Development of a Mixed Shrub-ponderosa Pine Community in a Natural and Treated Condition written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct seeding ponderosa pine on recent burns in Arizona by : W. J. Rietveld
Download or read book Direct seeding ponderosa pine on recent burns in Arizona written by W. J. Rietveld and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation by : Gary Fiddler
Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Gary Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Root Competition Between Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Grass by : Merlyn Milfred Larson
Download or read book Root Competition Between Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Grass written by Merlyn Milfred Larson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Value of Site Preparation as Related to Ground-cover Density in Natural Regeneration of Ponderosa Pine by : David Tackle
Download or read book The Value of Site Preparation as Related to Ground-cover Density in Natural Regeneration of Ponderosa Pine written by David Tackle and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
