Polymer Stabilization And Degradation

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Polymer Degradation and Stabilization

Author : W. L. Hawkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642693768
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Degradation and Stabilization by : W. L. Hawkins

Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by W. L. Hawkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions.

Fundamentals of Polymer Degradation and Stabilization

Author : N.S. Allen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781851667734
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (677 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Polymer Degradation and Stabilization by : N.S. Allen

Download or read book Fundamentals of Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by N.S. Allen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992-10-31 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, the field of polymer degradation and stabilization has become a subject of central importance in polymer science and technology. This book provides a fundamental source of information designed for those with only a basic understanding of the background of the field.

Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation

Author : Norman Grassie
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521357975
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation by : Norman Grassie

Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation written by Norman Grassie and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1988-04-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of polymer degradation and stabilisation is of considerable practical importance as the industrial uses of polymeric materials continue to expand. In this book, the authors lucidly relate technological phenomena to the chemistry and physics of degradation and stabilisation processes. Degradation embraces a variety of technologically important phenomena ranging from relatively low temperature processes such as 'weathering' of plastics, 'fatigue' of rubbers through the processing of polymers in shearing mixers to very high temperature processes such as flammability and ablation. All these technological phenomena have in common certain basic chemical reactions. Thus 'weathering' has its roots in photo-oxidation, 'fatigue' and melt-degradation in mechano-oxidation and flammability, and ablation in ablation in pyrolysis and vapour phase oxidation.

Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation

Author : G. Scott
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401138389
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation by : G. Scott

Download or read book Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation written by G. Scott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this publication is two-fold. In the first place it is intended to review progress in the development of practical stabilising systems for a wide range of polymers and applications. A complemen tary and ultimately more important objective is to accommodate these practical developments within the framework of antioxidant theory, since there can be little question that further major advances in the practice of stabilisation technology will only be possible on a firm mechanistic foundation. With the continual increase in the number of commercial anti oxidants and stabilisers, often functioning by mechanisms not even considered ten years ago, there is a need for a general theory which will allow the potential user to predict the performance of a particular antioxidant structure under specific practical conditions. Any such predictive tool must involve a simplified kinetic approach to inhibited oxidation and, in Chapter 1, Denisov outlines a possible mechanistic approach with the potential to predict the most useful antioxidant to use and the limits of its usefulness. In Chapter 2, Schwetlick reviews the current state of knowledge on the antioxidant mechanisms of the phosphite esters with particular emphasis on their catalytic peroxidolytic activity. Dithiophosphate v vi PREFACE derivatives show a similar behaviour but for quite different reasons and, in Chapter 3, AI-Malaika reviews information available from analytical studies, particularly using 31p_NMR spectroscopy, to elucid ate the complex chemistry that leads to the formation of the antioxidant -active agents.

PVC Degradation and Stabilization

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1927885000
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis PVC Degradation and Stabilization by : George Wypych

Download or read book PVC Degradation and Stabilization written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PVC stabilization, the most important aspect of formulation and performance of this polymer, is discussed in details. This book contains all information required to design successful stabilization formula for any product made out of PVC. Separate chapters review information on chemical structure, PVC manufacturing technology, morphology, degradation by thermal energy, UV, gamma, other forms of radiation, mechanodegradation, and chemical degradation. The chapter on analytical methods used in studying of degradative and stabilization processes helps in establishing system of checking results of stabilization with different stabilizing systems. Stabilization and stabilizers are discussed in full detail in the most important chapter of this book. The final chapter contains information on the effects of PVC and its additives on health, safety and environment. This book contains analysis of all essential papers and patents published until recently on the above subject. It either locates the answers to relevant questions and offers solutions or gives references in which such answers can be found. PVC Degradation and Stabilization is must to have for chemists, engineers, scientists, university teachers and students, designers, material scientists, environmental chemists, and lawyers who work with polyvinyl chloride and its additives or have any interest in these products. This book is the one authoritative source on the subject. A practical and up-to-date reference guide for engineers and scientists designing with PVC Covers thermal, UV, gamma radiation, chemical, and other forms of degradation Includes a critical discussion of the sustainability issues faced by PVC and its additives, as well as health and safety concerns

Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers

Author : Hans Helmut Gunter Jellinek
Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers by : Hans Helmut Gunter Jellinek

Download or read book Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers written by Hans Helmut Gunter Jellinek and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1983 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers

Author : Gennadiĭ Efremovich Zaikov
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781560721222
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (212 download)

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Book Synopsis Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers by : Gennadiĭ Efremovich Zaikov

Download or read book Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers written by Gennadiĭ Efremovich Zaikov and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 1995 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polymer Degradation and Stabilization

Author : W. Lincoln Hawkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780387128511
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (285 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Degradation and Stabilization by : W. Lincoln Hawkins

Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by W. Lincoln Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stabilization of Polymeric Materials

Author : Hans Zweifel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642803059
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Stabilization of Polymeric Materials by : Hans Zweifel

Download or read book Stabilization of Polymeric Materials written by Hans Zweifel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastics are used worldwide in everyday life, e.g. as food packaging, electronics, construction, automotive parts, and household appliances. To produce these products with the desired service lifetimes the use of suitable stabilizers is necessary. This book provides a concise and comprehensive overview of the basic mechanisms of plastic degradation processes caused by heat and light. At its core is a detailed description of the stabilization of different polymers, including an explanation of stabilization mechanisms and the influence of commonly used additives such as fillers, flame retardents and pigments on the stability of plastic. Every polymer scientist, material technologist, or application engineer dealing with the design of the properties of plastics will benefit from this new overview.

Degradation and Stabilisation of Polymers

Author : G. Geuskens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Degradation and Stabilisation of Polymers by : G. Geuskens

Download or read book Degradation and Stabilisation of Polymers written by G. Geuskens and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859574980
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials by : Krzysztof Pielichowski

Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.

Polymer Degradation and Stabilization

Author : W L Hawkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783642693779
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (937 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Degradation and Stabilization by : W L Hawkins

Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by W L Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 1983-12-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells

Author : Frederik C. Krebs
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119952514
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells by : Frederik C. Krebs

Download or read book Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells written by Frederik C. Krebs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are a new generation of solar cells with the potential to offer very short energy pay back times, mechanical flexibility and significantly lower production costs compared to traditional crystalline photovoltaic systems. A weakness of OPV is their comparative instability during operation and this is a critical area of research towards the successful development and commercialization of these 3rd generation solar cells. Covering both small molecule and polymer solar cells, Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells summarizes the state of the art understanding of stability and provides a detailed analysis of the mechanisms by which degradation occurs. Following an introductory chapter which compares different photovoltaic technologies, the book focuses on OPV degradation, discussing the origin and characterization of the instability and describing measures for extending the duration of operation. Topics covered include: *Chemical and physical probes for studying degradation *Imaging techniques *Photochemical stability of OPV materials *Degradation mechanisms *Testing methods *Barrier technology and applications Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells is an essential reference source for researchers in academia and industry, engineers and manufacturers working on OPV design, development and implementation.

Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128231424
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials by : Krzysztof Pielichowski

Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-05 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials, Second Edition offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors who require a thorough understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on materials and product performance. Sections cover thermal degradation mechanisms and kinetics, as well as various techniques, such as thermogravimetry in combination with mass spectroscopy and infrared spectrometry to investigate thermal decomposition routes. Other chapters focus on polymers and copolymers, including polyolefins, styrene polymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyacrylates, natural polymers, inorganic polymers, high temperature-resistant and conducting polymers, blends, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, nanocomposites, and biocomposites. Finally, other key considerations such as recycling of polymers by thermal degradation, thermal degradation during processing, and modelling, are discussed in detail. Explains mechanisms of polymer degradation, making it possible to understand and predict material behavior at elevated temperatures Offers systematic coverage of each polymer group that is supported by data detailed explanations and critical analysis Investigates thermal decomposition routes in new materials, such as organic-inorganic hybrid materials and polymer nanocomposites

Progress in Polymer Degradation and Stability Research

Author : Herbert W. Moeller
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781600218286
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Polymer Degradation and Stability Research by : Herbert W. Moeller

Download or read book Progress in Polymer Degradation and Stability Research written by Herbert W. Moeller and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007-06-11 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer degradation is a change in the properties -- tensile strength, colour, shape, etc -- of a polymer or polymer based product under the influence of one or more environmental factors such as heat, light or chemicals. These changes may be undesirable, such as changes during use, or desirable, as in biodegradation or deliberately lowering the molecular weight of a polymer. Such changes occur primarily because of the effect of these factors on the chemical composition of the polymer. In a finished product such a change is to be prevented or delayed. However, the degradation process can be useful from the view points of understanding the structure of a polymer or recycling/reusing the polymer waste to prevent or reduce environmental pollution. Polymers molecules are very large on the molecular scale which derive their unique and useful properties from their size.

Polymer Photodegradation

Author : J.F. Rabek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401112746
Total Pages : 679 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Photodegradation by : J.F. Rabek

Download or read book Polymer Photodegradation written by J.F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40~60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. The photochemical instability of most polymers limits their outdoor application as they are photodegraded quickly over periods from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegradation and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In order to improve polymer photostability there has been a very big effort during the last 30 years to understand the mechanisms involved in photodegradation and environmental ageing. This book represents the author's attempt, based on his 25 years' experience in research on photodegradation and photo stabilization, to collect and generalize a number of available data on the photodegradation of polymers. The space limitation and the tremendous number of publications in the past two decades have made a detailed presentation of all important results and data difficult. The author apologizes to those whose work has not been quoted or widely presented in this book. Because many published results are very often contradictory, it has been difficult to present a fully critical review of collected knowledge, without antagonizing authors. For that reason, all available theories, mechanisms and different suggestions have been presented together, and only practice can evaluate which of them are valid.

Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC

Author : J. Owen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400956185
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC by : J. Owen

Download or read book Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC written by J. Owen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyvinyl chloride has played a key role in the development of the plastics industry over the past 40 years and continues to be a polymer of major importance. The reasons for its enormous versatility and range of application derive from a combination of the basic structure which gives rise to a relatively tough and rigid material and its ability to accept a range of plasticisers and other additives which can modify its physical characteristics to produce a range of flexible products. Two major problems, however, have tested the skill and ingenuity of PVC technologists since earliest times. One is the thermal instability of the material at the temperatures required for melt processing and fabrication, and the second is the photochemical instability which until recently has limited the potentially large range of outdoor applications. Both problems have been handled in a commercially satisfactory way by the gradual development of a range of stabilisers, lubricants and other processing aids and the high quality material which has resulted has led to massive utilisation of PVC by industry. Totally adequate stabilisation requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which degradation processes are initiated and propagated. Although great advances have been made in this respect in recent years the problem remains incompletely understood. This book presents an account of the present position and the problems which remain to be solved.