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Politics And Policy Making In The Peoples Republic Of China 1954 1955
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Book Synopsis Politics and Policy Making in the People's Republic of China, 1954-1955 by : Thomas Fingar
Download or read book Politics and Policy Making in the People's Republic of China, 1954-1955 written by Thomas Fingar and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Susan Lawrence Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781477566725 Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (667 download)
Book Synopsis Understanding China's Political System by : Susan Lawrence
Download or read book Understanding China's Political System written by Susan Lawrence and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2012-05-10 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is designed to provide Congress with a perspective on the contemporary political system of China, the only Communist Party-led authoritarian state in the G-20 grouping of major economies. China's Communist Party dominates state and society in China, is committed to maintaining a permanent monopoly on power, and is intolerant of those who question its right to rule. Nonetheless, analysts consider China's political system to be neither monolithic nor rigidly hierarchical. Jockeying among leaders and institutions representing different sets of interests is common at every level of the system.
Book Synopsis Political Warfare by : Kerry K. Gershaneck
Download or read book Political Warfare written by Kerry K. Gershaneck and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Political Warfare provides a well-researched and wide-ranging overview of the nature of the People's Republic of China (PRC) threat and the political warfare strategies, doctrines, and operational practices used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The author offers detailed and illuminating case studies of PRC political warfare operations designed to undermine Thailand, a U.S. treaty ally, and Taiwan, a close friend"--
Download or read book China/Taiwan written by Shirley A. Kan and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite apparently consistent statements in 4 decades, the U.S. ¿one China¿ policy concerning Taiwan remains somewhat ambiguous and subject to different interpretations. Apart from questions about what the ¿one China¿ policy entails, issues have arisen about whether U.S. Presidents have stated clear positions and have changed or should change policy, affecting U.S. interests in security and democracy. Contents of this report: (1) U.S. Policy on ¿One China¿: Has U.S. Policy Changed?; Overview of Policy Issues; (2) Highlights of Key Statements by Washington, Beijing, and Taipei: Statements During the Admin. of Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Clinton, George W. Bush, Clinton, and Obama. A print on demand report.
Book Synopsis Peaceful Consensus by : U. S. Military
Download or read book Peaceful Consensus written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-08-12 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Mao Zedong founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, it has fought in one major war and several skirmishes, and has frequently used military force in the form of coercive diplomacy. The pattern of China's use of force, however, has steadily declined over time. At the same time, China's domestic politics have reformed from allowing one person high amounts of consolidated policy-making power to more institutionalized consensus-based governance. Do the changes in domestic political structure have a pacifying effect on China's foreign policy? In other words, is it a cause of China's declining use of force? Through analyzing China's responses to the Korean War, the three Taiwan Strait Crises (1954-1955, 1958, and 1995-1996), and the period of cross-strait relations in 1999-2002, this thesis finds that China's reactions to similar types of threats have become more pacific over time, in part because of its shift to consensus-based governance, but that another major explaining factor is China's increased economic interdependence with the United States. The relationship that this thesis describes between China's domestic political-power consolidation and the aggressiveness of its foreign policy is especially relevant as the current leader of China, Xi Jinping, has more centralized political power than any PRC leader since Mao. American China watchers and policy makers should be cognizant to whether Xi accumulates more power, or shows signs of diverging from the institutionalized reforms, as it may have an effect on the PRC's foreign policy assertiveness. Chapter II of the thesis is broken into two major sections. First it examines how the PRC decided to intervene in the Korean War. Then it will analyze why China initiated the 1954-1955 and 1958 Taiwan Strait Crises. Specifically, the chapter argues that Mao had an irreplaceable role in the decisions to join each conflict, especially the Korean War and 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis. Chapter III explores the PRC's decision to conduct the missile and amphibious exercises that created the Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1995-1996 as well as China's response to other periods of Taiwanese separatism such as the statements that Lee Teng-hui made in 1999 and during Chen Shui-bian's first presidency from 2000-2002.61 This chapter argues that the PRC's response to Taiwanese separatist rhetoric and actions in 1995-1996 and 1999-2002 were shaped by consensus governing restraining the policy preferences of hawkish elements within the CCP. In addition, the chapter argues that economic interdependence with the United States and Taiwan's trade dependence on the mainland both served to reduce China's likelihood to use military force. The conclusion briefly explores whether these dynamics hold up during Hu Jintao's era and discusses Xi Jinping's reign. Xi is consolidating personal political power to levels not seen since Mao, which suggests that China may become more assertive in its foreign policy. Understanding Xi's policy preferences will be important for American policy makers and strategists, as his predispositions will play a bigger role than his three predecessors' did. Some exploration into his theories on warfare and politics is probably worthwhile for additional study. However, since EI remains high and Taiwan continues to be economically bound to the PRC, the potential effect of his consolidated power on China's likelihood to use force may be tamped down by its deep trade ties with the United States and the world.
Book Synopsis Re-examining the Cold War: U.S.-China Diplomacy, 1954–1973 by : Robert S. Ross
Download or read book Re-examining the Cold War: U.S.-China Diplomacy, 1954–1973 written by Robert S. Ross and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twelve essays in this volume underscore the similarities between Chinese and American approaches to bilateral diplomacy and between their perceptions of each other’s policy-making motivations. Much of the literature on U.S.–China relations posits that each side was motivated either by ideologically informed interests or by ideological assumptions about its counterpart. But as these contributors emphasize, newly accessible archives suggest rather that both Beijing and Washington developed a responsive and tactically adaptable foreign policy. Each then adjusted this policy in response to changing international circumstances and changing assessments of its counterpart’s policies. Motivated less by ideology than by pragmatic national security concerns, each assumed that the other faced similar considerations.
Book Synopsis China--the Politics of Revolutionary Reintegration by : James D. Seymour
Download or read book China--the Politics of Revolutionary Reintegration written by James D. Seymour and published by New York : Crowell. This book was released on 1976 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Party Vs. State in Post-1949 China by : Shiping Zheng
Download or read book Party Vs. State in Post-1949 China written by Shiping Zheng and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-07-13 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most comprehensive analysis of one of the most important issues in China today: the tensions between the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese state legislative, judicial, administrative, and military institutions. Taking the 'neo-institutionalist' approach, the author suggests that the Communist Party in post-1949 China faces an institutional dilemma: the Party cannot live with the state, and it cannot live without the state. Zheng demonstrates that it is not only conceptually constructive, but analytically imperative to distinguish the state from the Communist Party. Secondly, he integrates detailed study with broader generalizations about Chinese politics, thus making efforts to overcome the tendency toward specialized scholarship at the expense of comparative and systemic understanding of China. He also opens a new dimension of Chinese politics - the uncertain and conflictual relationship between the Communist Party and the Chinese state.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of China by : John King Fairbank
Download or read book The Cambridge History of China written by John King Fairbank and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Institutional Evolution of China by : Fan Zhang
Download or read book The Institutional Evolution of China written by Fan Zhang and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's recent evolution is not only a story of extraordinary economic growth but also a story of great institutional change. Fan Zhang challenges traditional theory to explain the real origins of China's reform, the political and economic forces driving it, and the reasoning behind its stagnation. The institutional re-arrangement of government and market has been crucial in this marketization process. Using a wealth of documents and cases, Zhang provides a detailed analysis of China's institutional changes over the past 40 years, focusing on the government-market relationship. A theoretical framework is presented to explain the targets and incentives of government and business firms in a bureaucratic-market system, which promoted economic growth, but also fostered corruption and resulted in a re-centralisation of the system. Using an index of marketization in China since 1978, Zhang shows that overall, market expansion has continued but with diminishing marginal gains. The government control of financial resources that had previously been relaxed in the early years of reform has been enhanced to some extent as a result of the changing institutional environment. Policy makers dealing with China-related policies, researchers and postgraduate students in political science, economics and Chinese studies will find this book a compelling exploration of the current and constant cooperation and conflict between government and market.
Book Synopsis Accidental State by : Hsiao-ting Lin
Download or read book Accidental State written by Hsiao-ting Lin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-14 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of two Chinese states—one controlling mainland China, the other controlling the island of Taiwan—is often understood as a seemingly inevitable outcome of the Chinese civil war. Defeated by Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists fled to Taiwan to establish a rival state, thereby creating the “Two Chinas” dilemma that vexes international diplomacy to this day. Accidental State challenges this conventional narrative to offer a new perspective on the founding of modern Taiwan. Hsiao-ting Lin marshals extensive research in recently declassified archives to show that the creation of a Taiwanese state in the early 1950s owed more to serendipity than careful geostrategic planning. It was the cumulative outcome of ad hoc half-measures and imperfect compromises, particularly when it came to the Nationalists’ often contentious relationship with the United States. Taiwan’s political status was fraught from the start. The island had been formally ceded to Japan after the First Sino-Japanese War, and during World War II the Allies promised Chiang that Taiwan would revert to Chinese rule after Japan’s defeat. But as the Chinese civil war turned against the Nationalists, U.S. policymakers reassessed the wisdom of backing Chiang. The idea of placing Taiwan under United Nations trusteeship gained traction. Cold War realities, and the fear of Taiwan falling into Communist hands, led Washington to recalibrate U.S. policy. Yet American support of a Taiwan-based Republic of China remained ambivalent, and Taiwan had to eke out a place for itself in international affairs as a de facto, if not fully sovereign, state.
Book Synopsis Ethnic Policy in China by : James Leibold
Download or read book Ethnic Policy in China written by James Leibold and published by Policy Studies (East-West Cent. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following significant interethnic violence beginning in 2008, Chinese intellectuals and policymakers are now engaged in unprecedented debate over the future direction of their country's ethnic policies. This study attempts to gauge current Chinese opinion on this once-secretive and still highly sensitive area of national policy. Domestic Chinese opinion on ethnic policies over the last five years is reviewed and implications for future policies under the new leadership of CPC Secretary General Xi Jinping are explored. Careful review of a wide spectrum of contemporary Chinese commentary identifies an emerging consensus for ethnic-policy reform. Leading public intellectuals, as well as some party officials, now openly call for new measures strengthening national integration at the expense of minority rights and autonomy. These reformers argue that divisive ethnic policies adopted from the former USSR must be replaced by those supporting an ethnic "melting pot" concept. Despite this important shift in opinion, such radical policy changes as ending regional ethnic autonomy or minority preferences are unlikely over the short-to-medium term. Small-yet-significant adjustments in rhetoric and policy emphasis are, however, expected as the party-state attempts to strengthen interethnic cohesiveness as a part of its larger agenda of stability maintenance. About the author James Leibold is a senior lecturer in Politics and Asian Studies at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. He is the author of Reconfiguring Chinese Nationalism (2007) and co-editor of Critical Han Studies (2012) and Minority Education in China (forthcoming). His research on ethnicity, nationalism, and race in modern China has appeared in The China Journal, The China Quarterly, The Journal of Asian Studies, Modern China, and other publications.
Book Synopsis The Commanding Heights by : Daniel Yergin
Download or read book The Commanding Heights written by Daniel Yergin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Women, Family and the Chinese Socialist State, 1950-2010 by : Xiaofei Kang
Download or read book Women, Family and the Chinese Socialist State, 1950-2010 written by Xiaofei Kang and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rare window for the English speaking world to learn how scholars in China understand and interpret central issues pertaining to women and family from the founding of the People’s Republic to the reform era.
Book Synopsis Twentieth-Century China by : Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom
Download or read book Twentieth-Century China written by Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twentieth Century China: New Approaches is an important revisionist study of China's recent past. The chapters throw light on a variety of subjects within the field, which has recently undergone considerable change. The three major parts of this reader take into account the historical shape of the century, local perspectives on national history, and reflections on cultural history. The chapters in this volume reflect a move away from a Western-centred analysis of Chinese history, as well as the new wealth of archival material made accessible over the last decade. They highlight in challenging ways important topics that have generated considerable excitement among historians. Subjects discussed include the watershed date of 1949, feminism, the revolutions, the discourse of the communist party, and political theatre in modern China.
Book Synopsis China's Continuous Revolution by : Lowell Dittmer
Download or read book China's Continuous Revolution written by Lowell Dittmer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Individual Choice and State-Led Nationalist Mobilization in China by : Wen Zha
Download or read book Individual Choice and State-Led Nationalist Mobilization in China written by Wen Zha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comparative historical analysis of state-led nationalist movements in Chinese history, which counters current claims that popular nationalism in present-day China is strong enough to sustain costly expansionist wars. Popular nationalism in China has been on the rise since the early 1990s to the concern of many observers. Some have even asked whether China will become another Germany. A comparative historical analysis of pre-war and wartime nationalist mobilization helps us better understand how individuals formulate their opinions under extreme conditions. It concludes that the public's weak perception of foreign threats, taken together with pro-minority domestic institutions, may significantly undermine the state’s efforts at nationalist mobilization and thus limit its capability to pursue external expansion or other strategic goals.