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Plasticity Of Gabaergic Synapses
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Book Synopsis Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses by : Andrea Barberis
Download or read book Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses written by Andrea Barberis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning and memory are believed to depend on plastic changes of neuronal circuits due to activity-dependent potentiation or depression of specific synapses. During the last two decades, plasticity of brain circuits was hypothesized to mainly rely on the flexibility of glutamatergic excitatory synapses, whereas inhibitory synapses were assumed relatively invariant, to ensure stable and reliable control of the neuronal network. As a consequence, while considerable efforts were made to clarify the main mechanisms underlying plasticity at excitatory synapses, the study of the cellular/molecular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity has received much less attention. Nevertheless, an increasing body of evidence has revealed that inhibitory synapses undergo several types of plasticity at both pre- and postsynaptic levels. Given the crucial role of inhibitory interneurons in shaping network activities, such as generation of oscillations, selection of cell assemblies and signal integration, modifications of the inhibitory synaptic strength represents an extraordinary source of versatility for the fine control of brain states. This versatility also results from the rich diversity of GABAergic neurons in several brain areas, the specific role played by each inhibitory neuron subtype within a given circuit, and the heterogeneity of the properties and modulation of GABAergic synapses formed by specific interneuron classes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the potentiation or depression of inhibitory synapses are now beginning to be unraveled. At the presynaptic level, retrograde synaptic signaling was demonstrated to modulate GABA release, whereas postsynaptic forms of plasticity involve changes in the number/gating properties of GABAA receptors and/or shifts of chloride gradients. In addition, recent research indicates that GABAergic tonic inhibition can also be plastic, adding a further level of complexity to the control of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. The present Topic will focus on plasticity of GABAergic synapses, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of plasticity induction and/or expression.
Book Synopsis Structure, Development and Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses by : Mari Virtanen
Download or read book Structure, Development and Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses written by Mari Virtanen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by : Adam C. Errington
Download or read book Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors written by Adam C. Errington and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-22 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Book Synopsis Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity by : Melanie A. Woodin
Download or read book Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity written by Melanie A. Woodin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-02 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will explore the most recent findings on cellular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity and its functional role in shaping neuronal circuits, their rewiring in response to experience, drug addiction and in neuropathology. Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity will be of particular interest to neuroscientists and neurophysiologists.
Book Synopsis Formation and Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses in Vitro by : Ina Brünig
Download or read book Formation and Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses in Vitro written by Ina Brünig and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses in the Ventral Tegmental Area During Withdrawal from In Vivo Ethanol Administration by :
Download or read book Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses in the Ventral Tegmental Area During Withdrawal from In Vivo Ethanol Administration written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethanol consummatory behavior seems modulated through GAEAA receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Previous exposure to ethanol enhances ethanol self-administration, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon is poorly understood. The purpose of Specific aim 1 was to examine changes occurring at GABA synapses onto VTA DA neurons after a single in vivo exposure to ethanol, and we have accomplished it. We observed that a single in vivo exposure to ethanol both shifted paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) to paired pulse depression (PPD) and increased ethanol self-administration. An increased frequency of spontaneous miniature GABAA IPSCs (mIPSCs) was also observed in the ethanol-treated animals. Further, the shift to PPD in the ethanol treated mice depended upon activation of presynaptic GABAa receptors. Forskolin increased the amplitude of GABAA IPSCs and the frequency of mIPSCs in the saline- but not in the ethanol-treated mice. Conversely, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor significantly decreased both frequency of spontaneous mIPSCs and amplitude of GABAA IPSCs in the ethanol-treated mice. Our results indicate that potentiation of GABAergic synapses, via a PKA-dependent mechanism, occurs in the VTA after a single in vivo ethanol exposure, and such a potentiation might be a key synaptic modification underlying increased ethanol intake.
Book Synopsis Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies by : Jeffrey Noebels
Download or read book Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies written by Jeffrey Noebels and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Book Synopsis Short-term synaptic plasticity in the GABAergic synapse by : Kimmo Jensen
Download or read book Short-term synaptic plasticity in the GABAergic synapse written by Kimmo Jensen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Dynamic Regulation of GABAergic Synapses Affects Cell Growth and Structural Plasticity Fo Adult-born Neurons by :
Download or read book The Dynamic Regulation of GABAergic Synapses Affects Cell Growth and Structural Plasticity Fo Adult-born Neurons written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Activity-dependent GABAA Receptor Synaptic Plasticity is Lost in Fmr1KO Mice by : Alexia Gene
Download or read book Activity-dependent GABAA Receptor Synaptic Plasticity is Lost in Fmr1KO Mice written by Alexia Gene and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain is predominately controlled by GABAA receptors (GABARs) which act to regulate neuronal excitability. Abnormal signaling and plasticity of GABAergic neurons have been implicated in many CNS diseases, most relevant is the neurodevelopmental disorder Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In FXS, regulation of the brain's excitatory-inhibitory balance is extremely important, since one of the pivotal characteristics is an increase in neuronal excitability. Although it has been suggested that the neurophysiology of hyperexcitability is partly due to a GABAergic hypofunction, there is insufficient evidence to support this theory. Therefore, experiments were designed here to test the hypothesis that hyperexcitability in FXS is the result of defective GABAergic transmission. My experimental plan was divided into two primary objectives, first I compared GABAergic signaling and plasticity in the cerebellum of both wild-type (WT) and FXS mice (Fmr1KO mice). The strengthening of synaptic connectivity was assessed using activity-dependent stimulation of GABAergic synapses on molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) in the cerebellum to tease apart the GABAR subtypes that are involved. My data demonstrates that WT MLIs undergo [alpha]3-mediated inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP) that is reliant on nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which can be observed by an increase in synapse connectivity. Unexpectedly, MLIs are also subject to [alpha]1-mediated inhibitory long-term depression (iLTD) that is dependent on group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (Gp 1 mGluRs). In contrast, Fmr1KO mice completely lack [alpha]3- mediated iLTP and possess an enhanced iLTD for both [alpha]1 and [alpha]3 synapses. Thus, we used a combinational therapeutic strategy to block Gp1 mGluRs, while simultaneously activating the pathway implicated in GABAergic plasticity to successfully rescue the enhanced iLTD and restore iLTP in Fmr1KO mice. Overall, these findings provide a novel mechanism for understanding synaptic connectivity in FXS while also describing a combination of small molecule therapeutics to correct deficits in synaptic plasticity"--
Book Synopsis Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders by : Joseph I. Tracy
Download or read book Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders written by Joseph I. Tracy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes clear that the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of neurologic disorders and syndromes are dynamic and changing. Each chapter describes the neuroplastic processes at work in a particular condition, giving rise to these ongoing cognitive changes.
Book Synopsis Neural Plasticity and Memory by : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Download or read book Neural Plasticity and Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Book Synopsis Neuronal Dynamics by : Wulfram Gerstner
Download or read book Neuronal Dynamics written by Wulfram Gerstner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This solid introduction uses the principles of physics and the tools of mathematics to approach fundamental questions of neuroscience.
Book Synopsis Biology of the NMDA Receptor by : Antonius M. VanDongen
Download or read book Biology of the NMDA Receptor written by Antonius M. VanDongen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NMDA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system and in adult neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, it is not surprising that this receptor has been widely studied. However, despite the importance of rhythms for the sustenance of life, this aspect of NMDAR function remains poorly studied. Written
Book Synopsis Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus by : Helmut L. Haas
Download or read book Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus written by Helmut L. Haas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second time that I have had the honor of opening an interna tional symposium dedicated to the functions of the hippocampus here in Pecs. It was a pleasure to greet the participants in the hope that their valuable contributions will make this meeting a tradition in this town. As one of the hosts of the symposium, I had the sorrowful duty to remind you of the absence of a dear colleague, Professor Graham God dard. His tragic and untimely death represents the irreparable loss of both a friend and an excellent researcher. This symposium is dedicated to his memory. If I compare the topics of the lectures of this symposium with those of the previous one, a striking difference becomes apparent. A dominating tendency of the previous symposium was to attempt to define hippocam pal function or to offer data relevant to supporting or rejecting existing theoretical positions. No such tendency is reflected in the titles of the present symposium, in which most of the contributions deal with hip pocampal phenomena at the most elementary level. Electrical, biochemi cal, biophysical, and pharmacological events at the synaptic, membrane, or intracellular level are analyzed without raising the question of what kind of integral functions these elementary phenomena are a part of.
Book Synopsis The GABA Receptors by : Salvatore J. Enna
Download or read book The GABA Receptors written by Salvatore J. Enna and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2007-07-19 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gaba Receptors, Third Edition, presents a critical appraisal of our current understanding of the molecular, behavioral, biochemical, clinical, and pharmacological properties of GABA receptors. Emphasis is placed on exploring cutting-edge findings on the structureal properties of receptor sites, mechanisms of receptor expression, chemical agents that differentiate receptor subtypes, and phenotypes displayed by GABA receptor null mice. Chapters in this updated and expanded edition examine such topics as GABA receptor subypes, trafficking postsynaptic GABA receptors, GABA receptor mutations associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsies and febrile seizures, and GABA receptors as a potential therapeutic target.
Book Synopsis Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.
