Planning and Operation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Download Planning and Operation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030180232
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (82 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Planning and Operation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles by : Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili

Download or read book Planning and Operation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles written by Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the latest advancements in the planning and operation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). In-depth, the book presents essential planning and operation techniques to manage the PEV fleet and handle the related uncertainties associated with the drivers' behavior. Several viewpoints are presented in the book, ranging from the local distribution companies to generation companies to the aggregators. Problems such as parking lot allocation and charging management are investigated, taking into consideration the technical, geographical, and social aspects in a smart grid infrastructure.

Planning and Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Download Planning and Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030180220
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Planning and Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles by : Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili

Download or read book Planning and Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles written by Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the latest advancements in the planning and operation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). In-depth, the book presents essential planning and operation techniques to manage the PEV fleet and handle the related uncertainties associated with the drivers’ behavior. Several viewpoints are presented in the book, ranging from the local distribution companies to generation companies to the aggregators. Problems such as parking lot allocation and charging management are investigated, taking into consideration the technical, geographical, and social aspects in a smart grid infrastructure. Discusses the technical specifications of electrical distribution and generation systems; Models drivers’ behavior from the sociology and economic points of view; Considers the real geographical characteristics of area and driving routes in San Francisco, CA, US; Chicago, IL, US; and Tehran, Iran.

Planning and Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Download Planning and Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030180249
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (82 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Planning and Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles by : Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili

Download or read book Planning and Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles written by Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-08-14 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the latest advancements in the planning and operation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). In-depth, the book presents essential planning and operation techniques to manage the PEV fleet and handle the related uncertainties associated with the drivers’ behavior. Several viewpoints are presented in the book, ranging from the local distribution companies to generation companies to the aggregators. Problems such as parking lot allocation and charging management are investigated, taking into consideration the technical, geographical, and social aspects in a smart grid infrastructure. Discusses the technical specifications of electrical distribution and generation systems; Models drivers’ behavior from the sociology and economic points of view; Considers the real geographical characteristics of area and driving routes in San Francisco, CA, US; Chicago, IL, US; and Tehran, Iran.

Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Download Plug-In Electric Vehicles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0815703481
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plug-In Electric Vehicles by : David B. Sandalow

Download or read book Plug-In Electric Vehicles written by David B. Sandalow and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in electric vehicles are coming. Major automakers plan to commercialize their first models soon, while Israel and Denmark have ambitious plans to electrify large portions of their vehicle fleets. No technology has greater potential to end the United States' crippling dependence on oil, which leaves the nation vulnerable to price shocks, supply disruptions, environmental degradation, and national security threats including terrorism. What does the future hold for this critical technology, and what should the U.S. government do to promote it? Hybrid vehicles now number more than one million on America's roads, and they are in high demand from consumers. The next major technological step is the plug-in electric vehicle. It combines an internal combustion engine and electric motor, just as hybrids do. But unlike their precursors, PEVs can be recharged from standard electric outlets, meaning the vehicles would no longer be dependent on oil. Widespread growth in the use of PEVs would dramatically reduce oil dependence, cut driving costs and reduce pollution from vehicles. National security would be enhanced, as reduced oil dependence decreases the leverage and resources of petroleum exporters. Brookings fellow David Sandalow heads up an authoritative team of experts including former government officials, private-sector analysts, academic experts, and nongovernmental advocates. Together they explain the current landscape for PEVs: the technology, the economics, and the implications for national security and the environment. They examine how the national interest could be served by federal promotion and investment in PEVs. For example, can tax or procurement policy advance the cause of PEVs? Should the public sector contribute to greater research and development? Should the government insist on PEVs to replenish its huge fleet of official vehicles? Plug-in electric vehicles are coming. But how soon, in what numbers, and to what effect? Feder

Planning and Operation of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

Download Planning and Operation of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031359119
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Planning and Operation of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids by : Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili

Download or read book Planning and Operation of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids written by Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Applications of Fuzzy Logic in Planning and Operation of Smart Grids

Download Applications of Fuzzy Logic in Planning and Operation of Smart Grids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030646270
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applications of Fuzzy Logic in Planning and Operation of Smart Grids by : Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili

Download or read book Applications of Fuzzy Logic in Planning and Operation of Smart Grids written by Mehdi Rahmani-Andebili and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuzzy logic has vast applications in power and electrical engineering. This collection is the first book to cover research advancements in the application of fuzzy logic in the planning and operation of smart grids. A global group of researchers and scholars present innovative approaches to fuzzy-based smart grid planning and operation, cover theoretical concepts and experimental results of the application of fuzzy-based techniques, and define and apply these techniques to deal with smart grid issues. Applications of Fuzzy Logic in Planning and Operation of Smart Grids is an ideal resource for researchers on the theory and application of fuzzy logic, practicing engineers working in electrical power engineering and power system planning, and post-graduates and students in advanced graduate-level courses.

Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Download Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309372176
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (721 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles by : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment

Download or read book Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Overcoming Barriers to Electric-Vehicle Deployment and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, interest in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has grown. Advances in battery and other technologies, new federal standards for carbon-dioxide emissions and fuel economy, state zero-emission-vehicle requirements, and the current administration's goal of putting millions of alternative-fuel vehicles on the road have all highlighted PEVs as a transportation alternative. Consumers are also beginning to recognize the advantages of PEVs over conventional vehicles, such as lower operating costs, smoother operation, and better acceleration; the ability to fuel up at home; and zero tailpipe emissions when the vehicle operates solely on its battery. There are, however, barriers to PEV deployment, including the vehicle cost, the short all-electric driving range, the long battery charging time, uncertainties about battery life, the few choices of vehicle models, and the need for a charging infrastructure to support PEVs. What should industry do to improve the performance of PEVs and make them more attractive to consumers? At the request of Congress, Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles identifies barriers to the introduction of electric vehicles and recommends ways to mitigate these barriers. This report examines the characteristics and capabilities of electric vehicle technologies, such as cost, performance, range, safety, and durability, and assesses how these factors might create barriers to widespread deployment. Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles provides an overview of the current status of PEVs and makes recommendations to spur the industry and increase the attractiveness of this promising technology for consumers. Through consideration of consumer behaviors, tax incentives, business models, incentive programs, and infrastructure needs, this book studies the state of the industry and makes recommendations to further its development and acceptance.

Plug-in Electric Vehicle Grid Integration

Download Plug-in Electric Vehicle Grid Integration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Artech House
ISBN 13 : 1630814733
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plug-in Electric Vehicle Grid Integration by : Islam Safak Bayram

Download or read book Plug-in Electric Vehicle Grid Integration written by Islam Safak Bayram and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative new resource provides a comprehensive introduction to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), including critical discussions on energy storage and converter technology. The architecture and models for sustainable charging infrastructures and capacity planning of small scale fast charging stations are presented. This book considers PEVs as mobile storage units and explains how PEVS can provide services to the grid. Enabling technologies are explored, including energy storage, converter, and charger technologies for home and park charging. The adoption of EV is discussed and examples are given from the individual battery level to the city level. This book provides guidance on how to build and design sustainable transportation systems. Optimal arrival rates, optimal service rates, facility location problems, load balancing, and demand forecasts are covered in this book. Time-saving MATLAB code and background tables are included in this resource to help engineers with their projects in the field.

Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies

Download Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309134366
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies by : National Research Council

Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-11-17 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) could alleviate the nation's dependence on oil and reduce U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas. Industry-and government-sponsored research programs have made very impressive technical progress over the past several years, and several companies are currently introducing pre-commercial vehicles and hydrogen fueling stations in limited markets. However, to achieve wide hydrogen vehicle penetration, further technological advances are required for commercial viability, and vehicle manufacturer and hydrogen supplier activities must be coordinated. In particular, costs must be reduced, new automotive manufacturing technologies commercialized, and adequate supplies of hydrogen produced and made available to motorists. These efforts will require considerable resources, especially federal and private sector funding. This book estimates the resources that will be needed to bring HFCVs to the point of competitive self-sustainability in the marketplace. It also estimates the impact on oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions as HFCVs become a large fraction of the light-duty vehicle fleet.

Smart Power Grids 2011

Download Smart Power Grids 2011 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642215785
Total Pages : 701 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Smart Power Grids 2011 by : Ali Keyhani

Download or read book Smart Power Grids 2011 written by Ali Keyhani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric power systems are experiencing significant changes at the worldwide scale in order to become cleaner, smarter, and more reliable. This edited book examines a wide range of topics related to these changes, which are primarily caused by the introduction of information technologies, renewable energy penetration, digitalized equipment, new operational strategies, and so forth. The emphasis will be put on the modeling and control of smart grid systems. The book addresses research topics such as high efficiency transforrmers, wind turbines and generators, fuel cells, or high speed turbines and generators.

Planning the Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Cities and Regions

Download Planning the Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Cities and Regions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : KIT Scientific Publishing
ISBN 13 : 3731505010
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Planning the Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Cities and Regions by : Wirges, Johannes

Download or read book Planning the Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Cities and Regions written by Wirges, Johannes and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planning the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) is a new challenging task. This book treats all involved aspects: charging technologies and norms, interactions with the electricity system, electrical installation, demand for charging infrastructure, economics of public infrastructure provision, policies in Germany and the EU, external effects, stakeholder cooperation, spatial planning on the regional and street level, operation and maintenance, and long term spatial planning.

Sustainable Green Infrastructure and Operations Planning for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs)

Download Sustainable Green Infrastructure and Operations Planning for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (698 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Green Infrastructure and Operations Planning for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs) by : Yogesh Dashora

Download or read book Sustainable Green Infrastructure and Operations Planning for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs) written by Yogesh Dashora and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing debates over a gasoline independent future and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led to a surge in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) being developed around the world. Due to the limited all-electric range of PHEVs, a daytime PHEV charging infrastructure will be required for most PHEVs' daily usage. This dissertation, for the first time, presents a mixed integer mathematical programming model to solve the PHEV charging infrastructure planning (PCIP) problem. Our case study, based on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) campus, produced encouraging results, indicates the viability of the modeling approach and substantiates the importance of considering both employee convenience and appropriate grid connections in the PCIP problem. Unfortunately, the classical optimization methods do not scale up well to larger practical problems. In order to effectively and efficiently attack larger PCIP problems, we develop a new MASTS based TS algorithm, PCIP-TS to solve the PCIP. The results from computational experiments for the ORNL campus problem establish the dominant supremacy of the PCIP-TS method both in terms of solution quality and computational time. Additional experiments with simulated data representative of a problem that might be faced by a small city show that PCIP-TS outperforms CPLEX based optimization. Once the charging infrastructure is in place, the immediate problem is to judiciously manage this system on a daily basis. This thesis formally develops a mixed integer linear program to solve the daily the energy management problem (DEM) faced by an organization and presented results of a case study performed for ORNL campus. The results from our case study, based on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) campus, are encouraging and substantiate the importance of controlled PHEV fleet charging and realizing V2G capabilities as opposed to uncontrolled charging methods. Although optimal solutions are obtained, the solver requires practically unacceptable computational times for larger problems. Hence, we develop a new MASTS based TS algorithm, DEM-TS, for the DEM models. Results for ORNL campus data set prove the dominant computational efficiency of the DEM-TS. For the simulated extended sized problems that resemble the complexity of a problem faced by a small city, the results prove that DEM-T not only achieves optimality, but also produces sets of multiple alternate optimal solutions. These could be very helpful in practical settings when alternate solutions are necessary because some solutions may not be deployable due to unforeseen circumstances.

Electric Vehicle Integration in a Smart Microgrid Environment

Download Electric Vehicle Integration in a Smart Microgrid Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000393046
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electric Vehicle Integration in a Smart Microgrid Environment by : Mohammad Saad Alam

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Integration in a Smart Microgrid Environment written by Mohammad Saad Alam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Vehicle Integration in a Smart Microgrid Environment The growing demand for energy in today’s world, especially in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, has been met with massive exploitation of fossil fuels, resulting in an increase in environmental pollutants. In order to mitigate the issues arising from conventional internal combustion engine-powered vehicles, there has been a considerable acceleration in the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Research has shown that the impact of fossil fuel use in transportation and surging demand in power owing to the growing EV charging infrastructure can potentially be minimalized by smart microgrids. As EVs find wider acceptance with major advancements in high efficiency drivetrain and vehicle design, it has become clear that there is a need for a system-level understanding of energy storage and management in a microgrid environment. Practical issues, such as fleet management, coordinated operation, repurposing of batteries, and environmental impact of recycling and disposal, need to be carefully studied in the context of an ageing grid infrastructure. This book explores such a perspective with contributions from leading experts on planning, analysis, optimization, and management of electrified transportation and the transportation infrastructure. The primary purpose of this book is to capture state-of-the-art development in smart microgrid management with EV integration and their applications. It also aims to identify potential research directions and technologies that will facilitate insight generation in various domains, from smart homes to smart cities, and within industry, business, and consumer applications. We expect the book to serve as a reference for a larger audience, including power system architects, practitioners, developers, new researchers, and graduate-level students, especially for emerging clean energy and transportation electrification sectors in the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

Planning and Operation of Active Distribution Networks

Download Planning and Operation of Active Distribution Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030908127
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Planning and Operation of Active Distribution Networks by : Antonio Carlos Zambroni de Souza

Download or read book Planning and Operation of Active Distribution Networks written by Antonio Carlos Zambroni de Souza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad and detailed view about how traditional distribution systems are evolving smart/active systems. The reader will be able to share the view of a number of researchers directly involved in this field. For this sake, philosophical discussions are enriched by the presentation of theoretical and computational tools. A senior reader may incorporate some concepts not available during his/her graduation process, whereas new Engineers may have contact with some material that may be essential to his/her practice as professionals.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Energy Use

Download Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Energy Use PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781614706823
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Energy Use by : Christopher B. Hummel

Download or read book Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Energy Use written by Christopher B. Hummel and published by . This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are being developed around the world, with much work aiming to optimise engine and battery for efficient operation, both during discharge and when grid electricity is available for recharging. However, the general expectation has been that the grid will not be greatly affected by the use of PHEVs because the recharging will occur during off-peak hours, or the number of vehicles will grow slowly enough so that capacity planning will respond adequately. This expectation does not consider that drivers will control the timing of recharging, and their inclination will be to plug in when convenient, rather than when utilities would prefer. It is important to understand the ramifications of adding load from PHEVs onto the grid. This book analyses the potential impacts of PHEVs on electricity demand, supply, generation structure, prices and associated emission levels.

Grid Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles: Examples with Matlab Implementation

Download Grid Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles: Examples with Matlab Implementation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319731777
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Grid Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles: Examples with Matlab Implementation by : Andrés Ovalle

Download or read book Grid Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles: Examples with Matlab Implementation written by Andrés Ovalle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-04 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of recent research on distributed optimization algorithms for the integral load management of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) fleets and their potential services to the electricity system. It also includes detailed developed Matlab scripts. These algorithms can be implemented and extended to diverse applications where energy management is required (smart buildings, railways systems, task sharing in micro-grids, etc.). The proposed methodologies optimally manage PEV fleets’ charge and discharge schedules by applying classical optimization, game theory, and evolutionary game theory techniques. Taking owner’s requirements into consideration, these approaches provide services like load shifting, load balancing among phases of the system, reactive power supply, and task sharing among PEVs. The book is intended for use in graduate optimization and energy management courses, and readers are encouraged to test and adapt the scripts to their specific applications.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Download Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039214535
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) by : Joeri Van Mierlo

Download or read book Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) written by Joeri Van Mierlo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change, urban air quality, and dependency on crude oil are important societal challenges. In the transportation sector especially, clean and energy efficient technologies must be developed. Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained a growing interest in the vehicle industry. Nowadays, the commercialization of EVs and PHEVs has been possible in different applications (i.e., light duty, medium duty, and heavy duty vehicles) thanks to the advances in energy storage systems, power electronics converters (including DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and battery charging systems), electric machines, and energy efficient power flow control strategies. This book is based on the Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences on “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)”. This collection of research articles includes topics such as novel propulsion systems, emerging power electronics and their control algorithms, emerging electric machines and control techniques, energy storage systems, including BMS, and efficient energy management strategies for hybrid propulsion, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-home (V2H), grid-to-vehicle (G2V) technologies, and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems.