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Planification Et Dimensionnement Des Reseaux Optiques De Longues Distances
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Book Synopsis Planification et dimensionnement des réseaux optiques de longues distances by : Abdallah Jarray
Download or read book Planification et dimensionnement des réseaux optiques de longues distances written by Abdallah Jarray and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le projet de recherche porte sur l'étude des problèmes de conception et de planification d'un réseau optique de longue distance, aussi appelé réseau de coeur (OWAN-Optical Wide Area Network en anglais). Il s'agit d'un réseau qui transporte des flots agrégés en mode commutation de circuits. Un réseau OWAN relie différents sites à l'aide de fibres optiques connectées par des commutateurs/routeurs optiques et/ou électriques. Un réseau OWAN est maillé à l'échelle d'un pays ou d'un continent et permet le transit des données à très haut débit. Dans une première partie du projet de thèse, nous nous intéressons au problème de conception de réseaux optiques agiles. Le problème d'agilité est motivé par la croissance de la demande en bande passante et par la nature dynamique du trafic. Les équipements déployés par les opérateurs de réseaux doivent disposer d'outils de configuration plus performants et plus flexibles pour gérer au mieux la complexité des connexions entre les clients et tenir compte de la nature évolutive du trafic. Souvent, le problème de conception d'un réseau consiste à prévoir la bande passante nécessaire pour écouler un trafic donné. Ici, nous cherchons en plus à choisir la meilleure configuration nodale ayant un niveau d'agilité capable de garantir une affectation optimale des ressources du réseau. Nous étudierons également deux autres types de problèmes auxquels un opérateur de réseau est confronté. Le premier problème est l'affectation de ressources du réseau. Une fois que l'architecture du réseau en termes d'équipements est choisie, la question qui reste est de savoir : comment dimensionner et optimiser cette architecture pour qu'elle rencontre le meilleur niveau possible d'agilité pour satisfaire toute la demande. La définition de la topologie de routage est un problème d'optimisation complexe. Elle consiste à définir un ensemble de chemins optiques logiques, choisir les routes physiques suivies par ces derniers, ainsi que les longueurs d'onde qu'ils utilisent, de manière à optimiser la qualité de la solution obtenue par rapport à un ensemble de métriques pour mesurer la performance du réseau. De plus, nous devons définir la meilleure stratégie de dimensionnement du réseau de façon à ce qu'elle soit adaptée à la nature dynamique du trafic. Le second problème est celui d'optimiser les coûts d'investissement en capital(CAPEX) et d'opération (OPEX) de l'architecture de transport proposée. Dans le cas du type d'architecture de dimensionnement considérée dans cette thèse, le CAPEX inclut les coûts de routage, d'installation et de mise en service de tous les équipements de type réseau installés aux extrémités des connexions et dans les noeuds intermédiaires. Les coûts d'opération OPEX correspondent à tous les frais liés à l'exploitation du réseau de transport. Étant donné la nature symétrique et le nombre exponentiel de variables dans la plupart des formulations mathématiques développées pour ces types de problèmes, nous avons particulièrement exploré des approches de résolution de type génération de colonnes et algorithme glouton qui s'adaptent bien à la résolution des grands problèmes d'optimisation. Une étude comparative de plusieurs stratégies d'allocation de ressources et d'algorithmes de résolution, sur différents jeux de données et de réseaux de transport de type OWAN démontre que le meilleur coût réseau est obtenu dans deux cas : une stratégie de dimensionnement anticipative combinée avec une méthode de résolution de type génération de colonnes dans les cas où nous autorisons/interdisons le dérangement des connexions déjà établies. Aussi, une bonne répartition de l'utilisation des ressources du réseau est observée avec les scénarios utilisant une stratégie de dimensionnement myope combinée à une approche d'allocation de ressources avec une résolution utilisant les techniques de génération de colonnes. Les résultats obtenus à l'issue de ces travaux ont également démontré que des gains considérables sont possibles pour les coûts d'investissement en capital et d'opération. En effet, une répartition intelligente et hétérogène de ressources d'un réseau sur l'ensemble des noeuds permet de réaliser une réduction substantielle des coûts du réseau par rapport à une solution d'allocation de ressources classique qui adopte une architecture homogène utilisant la même configuration nodale dans tous les noeuds. En effet, nous avons démontré qu'il est possible de réduire le nombre de commutateurs photoniques tout en satisfaisant la demande de trafic et en gardant le coût global d'allocation de ressources de réseau inchangé par rapport à l'architecture classique. Cela implique une réduction substantielle des coûts CAPEX et OPEX. Dans nos expériences de calcul, les résultats démontrent que la réduction de coûts peut atteindre jusqu'à 65% dans certaines jeux de données et de réseau.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning by : Klaus-Jürgen Evert
Download or read book Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning written by Klaus-Jürgen Evert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-21 with total page 1548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique, multilingual, encyclopedic dictionary in two volumes covers terms regularly used in landscape and urban planning, as well as environmental protection. The languages are American and British English, Spanish (with many Latin-American equivalents), French, and German. The encyclopedia also provides various interpretations of the terms at the planning, legal or technical level, which make its meaning more precise and its usage clearer.
Book Synopsis Faecal Sludge Management by : Linda Strande
Download or read book Faecal Sludge Management written by Linda Strande and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Download or read book ICREEC 2019 written by Ahmed Belasri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.
Book Synopsis Dictionary of Building and Civil Engineering by : Don Montague
Download or read book Dictionary of Building and Civil Engineering written by Don Montague and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1996 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dual-language dictionary lists over 20,000 specialist terms in both French and English, covering architecture, building, engineering and property terms. It meets the needs of all building professionals working on projects overseas. It has been comprehensively researched and compiled to provide an invaluable reference source in an increasingly European marketplace.
Book Synopsis FiWi Access Networks by : Martin Maier
Download or read book FiWi Access Networks written by Martin Maier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of broadband access networks toward bimodal fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks, described in this book, may be viewed as the endgame of broadband access. After discussing the economic impact of broadband access and current worldwide deployment statistics, all the major legacy wireline and wireless broadband access technologies are reviewed. State-of-the-art GPON and EPON fiber access networks are described, including their migration to next-generation systems such as OCDMA and OFDMA PONs. The latest developments of wireless access networks are covered, including VHT WLAN, Gigabit WiMAX, LTE and WMN. The advantages of FiWi access networks are demonstrated by applying powerful network coding, heterogeneous optical and wireless protection, hierarchical frame aggregation, hybrid routing and QoS continuity techniques across the optical-wireless interface. The book is an essential reference for anyone working on optical fiber access networks, wireless access networks or converged FiWi systems.
Book Synopsis Multimedia over IP and Wireless Networks by : Mihaela van der Schaar
Download or read book Multimedia over IP and Wireless Networks written by Mihaela van der Schaar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multimedia over IP and Wireless Networks is an indispensable guide for professionals or researchers working in areas such as networking, communications, data compression, multimedia processing, streaming architectures, and computer graphics. Beginning with a concise overview of the fundamental principles and challenges of multimedia communication and networking, this book then branches off organically to tackle compression and networking next before moving on to systems, wireless multimedia and more advanced topics. The Compression section advises on the best means and methodology to ensure multimedia signal (images, text, audio and data) integrity for transmissions on wireless and wired systems. The Networking section addresses channel protection and performance. In the Systems section, the focus is on streaming media on demand, live broadcast and video and voice's role in real-time communication. Wireless multimedia transmission and Quality of Service issues are discussed in the Wireless Multimedia section. An Advanced Topics section concludes the book with an assortment of topics including Peer-to-Peer multimedia communication and multipath networks. Up-to-date coverage of existing standards for multimedia networking Synergistic tutorial approach reinforces knowledge gained in previous chapters Balanced treatment of audio and video with coverage of end-to-end systems
Book Synopsis Building Wireless Community Networks by : Rob Flickenger
Download or read book Building Wireless Community Networks written by Rob Flickenger and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2003 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building Wireless Community Networks is about getting people online using wireless network technology. The 802.11b standard (also known as WiFi) makes it possible to network towns, schools, neighborhoods, small business, and almost any kind of organization. All that's required is a willingness to cooperate and share resources. The first edition of this book helped thousands of people engage in community networking activities. At the time, it was impossible to predict how quickly and thoroughly WiFi would penetrate the marketplace. Today, with WiFi-enabled computers almost as common as Ethernet, it makes even more sense to take the next step and network your community using nothing but freely available radio spectrum. This book has showed many people how to make their network available, even from the park bench, how to extend high-speed Internet access into the many areas not served by DSL and cable providers, and how to build working communities and a shared though intangible network. All that's required to create an access point for high-speed Internet connection is a gateway or base station. Once that is set up, any computer with a wireless card can log onto the network and share its resources. Rob Flickenger built such a network in northern California, and continues to participate in network-building efforts. His nuts-and-bolts guide covers: Selecting the appropriate equipment Finding antenna sites, and building and installing antennas Protecting your network from inappropriate access New network monitoring tools and techniques (new) Regulations affecting wireless deployment (new) IP network administration, including DNS and IP Tunneling (new) His expertise, as well as his sense of humor and enthusiasm for the topic, makes Building Wireless Community Networks a very useful and readable book for anyone interested in wireless connectivity.
Download or read book Wireless Hacks written by Rob Flickenger and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2003 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuing with the successful Hack Series, this title provides real-world working examples of how to make useful things happen with wireless equipment.
Book Synopsis Graph Colouring and the Probabilistic Method by : Michael Molloy
Download or read book Graph Colouring and the Probabilistic Method written by Michael Molloy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, many major advances have been made in the field of graph coloring via the probabilistic method. This monograph, by two of the best on the topic, provides an accessible and unified treatment of these results, using tools such as the Lovasz Local Lemma and Talagrand's concentration inequality.
Book Synopsis Product Life-Cycle Management by : Max Giordano
Download or read book Product Life-Cycle Management written by Max Giordano and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-17 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive view of the most recent major international research in the field of tolerancing, and is an excellent resource for anyone interested in Computer Aided Tolerating. It is organized into 4 parts. Part 1 focuses on the more general problems of tolerance analysis and synthesis, for tolerancing in mechanical design and manufacturing processes. Part 2 specifically highlights the simulation of assembly with defects, and the influence of tolerances on the quality of the assembly. Part 3 deals with measurement aspects, and quality control throughout the life cycle. Different measurement technologies and methods for estimating uncertainty are considered. In Part 4, different aspects of tolerancing and their interactions are explored, from the definition of functional requirement to measurement processes in a PLM approach.
Book Synopsis Revisiting Moroccan Migrations by : Mohammed Berriane
Download or read book Revisiting Moroccan Migrations written by Mohammed Berriane and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the 20th century, Morocco has become one of the world’s major emigration countries. But since 2000, growing immigration and settlement of migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Europe confronts Morocco with an entirely new set of social, cultural, political and legal issues. This book explores how continued emigration and increasing immigration is transforming contemporary Moroccan society, with a particular emphasis on the way the Moroccan state is dealing with shifting migratory realities. The authors of this collective volume embark on a dialogue between theory and empirical research, showcasing how contemporary migration theories help understanding recent trends in Moroccan migration, and, vice-versa, how the specific Moroccan case enriches migration theory. This perspective helps to overcome the still predominant Western-centric research view that artificially divide the world into ‘receiving’ and ‘sending’ countries and largely disregards the dynamics of and experiences with migration in countries in the Global South. This book was previously published as a special issue of The Journal of North African Studies.
Book Synopsis How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries by : David M. Robbins
Download or read book How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries written by David M. Robbins and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a practical handbook providing a step-by-step approach to the techniques used for characterizing wastewater sources and investigating sites where collection, treatment and reuse/disposal technologies will be installed. It is intended to help enable local implementation of on-site and decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS)for wide scale use in development settings. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries helps local service providers and regulatory officials make informed decisions through the use of tools, checklists and case studies. It includes a link to a web based community of on-site and decentralized wastewater professionals, which contains related tools and case studies. This handbook serves as a reference for training classes, certification programs, and higher education programs in civil and sanitary engineering. There is an increasing interest on the part of local government officials and private sector service providers to implement wastewater treatment systems to solve sanitation problems. The model presented in this handbook promotes activities that first generate data related to source and site conditions that represent critical inputs, and then applies this information to the technology selection process. Matching the most appropriate technologies to the specific needs of the wastewater project is the key that leads to long term sustainability. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries is an invaluable resource for public sector decision makers and private sector service providers in developing countries. It is also a useful text for students at engineering colleges in developing countries interested in taking a class that teaches the methods of decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS) development.
Book Synopsis Health System Performance Comparison: an Agenda for Policy, Information and Research by : Irene Papanicolas
Download or read book Health System Performance Comparison: an Agenda for Policy, Information and Research written by Irene Papanicolas and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2013-06-16 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International comparison of health system performance has become increasingly popular, made possible by the rapidly expanding availability of health data. It has become one of the most important levers for prompting health system reform. Yet, as the demand for transparency and accountability in healthcare increases, so too does the need to compare data from different health systems both accurately and meaningfully. This timely and authoritative book offers an important summary of the current developments in health system performance comparison. It summarises the current state of efforts to compare systems, and identifies and explores the practical and conceptual challenges that occur. It discusses data and methodological challenges, as well as broader issues such as the interface between evidence and practice. The book draws out the priorities for future work on performance comparison, in the development of data sources and measurement instruments, analytic methodology, and assessment of evidence on performance. It concludes by presenting the key lessons and future priorities, and in doing so offers a rich source of material for policy-makers, their analytic advisors, international agencies, academics and students of health systems.
Book Synopsis Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research by : Aditya Johri
Download or read book Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research written by Aditya Johri and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research is the critical reference source for the growing field of engineering education research, featuring the work of world luminaries writing to define and inform this emerging field. The Handbook draws extensively on contemporary research in the learning sciences, examining how technology affects learners and learning environments, and the role of social context in learning. Since a landmark issue of the Journal of Engineering Education (2005), in which senior scholars argued for a stronger theoretical and empirically driven agenda, engineering education has quickly emerged as a research-driven field increasing in both theoretical and empirical work drawing on many social science disciplines, disciplinary engineering knowledge, and computing. The Handbook is based on the research agenda from a series of interdisciplinary colloquia funded by the US National Science Foundation and published in the Journal of Engineering Education in October 2006.
Download or read book Engineering written by Unesco and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews engineering's importance to human, economic, social and cultural development and in addressing the UN Millennium Development Goals. Engineering tends to be viewed as a national issue, but engineering knowledge, companies, conferences and journals, all demonstrate that it is as international as science. The report reviews the role of engineering in development, and covers issues including poverty reduction, sustainable development, climate change mitigation and adaptation. It presents the various fields of engineering around the world and is intended to identify issues and challenges facing engineering, promote better understanding of engineering and its role, and highlight ways of making engineering more attractive to young people, especially women.--Publisher's description.
Author :International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher :International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN 13 :9789201063205 Total Pages :72 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (632 download)
Book Synopsis In-Vessel Melt Retention and Ex-Vessel Corium Cooling: IAEA Tecdoc No. 1906 by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book In-Vessel Melt Retention and Ex-Vessel Corium Cooling: IAEA Tecdoc No. 1906 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication results from a technical meeting on phenomenology and technologies relevant to in-vessel melt retention (IVMR) and ex-vessel corium cooling (EVCC). The purpose of the publication is to capture the state of knowledge, at the time of that meeting, related to phenomenology and technologies as well as the challenges and pending issues relevant to IVMR and EVCC for water cooled reactors by summarizing the information provided by the meeting participants in a form useful to practitioners in Member States.
