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Placebo Iv
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Download or read book PLACEBO IV written by William C. Watt and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents materials which make the microgrammar PLACEBO IV accessible to close inspection. In the form given here, the microgrammar (when transferred to punched cards and when allied with the requisite 'service programs') may be used for random generation as well as, with minor modifications, for analytical parsing.These materials also facilitate the conversion of PLACEBO IV to the production and analysis of sentences other than those it now specifies.(Author).
Book Synopsis Science of the Placebo by : Harry Guess
Download or read book Science of the Placebo written by Harry Guess and published by BMJ Books. This book was released on 2002-03-15 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a meeting in November 2000, this book brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines to examine the biological, behavioral, social, cultural and ethical aspects related to the placebo effect. Perspectives on the necessity for including a placebo in randomized clinical trials will also be examined. This is the first attempt to examine the evidence-base of the placebo effect and will provide important information for clinicans.
Download or read book Placebo and Pain written by Marta Peciña and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive and emotional processes that are engaged during the administration of an otherwise inactive agent, a placebo, are capable of activating internal mechanisms that modify physiology. A network of regions, including the rostral anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, insula, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, medial thalamus and periaqueductal gray, appear to be involved in placebo responses. Opioid and dopamine neurotransmission in these areas modulates various elements of the placebo effect, which appear to include the representation of its subjective value, updates of verbally-induced expectations over time, the recall of the pain and placebo experience and changes in affective state and in pain ratings. Inter-individual variability in the circuitry involved in placebo responses might shed light on individual differences involved in the regulation of stress responses, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, mood, reward and integrative cognitive processes, such as decision-making, as regions involved in these processes largely overlap and correspond to those involved in placebo responses.
Download or read book Placebo IV written by William C. Watt and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Placebo IV: Rules, Concordance, Sample Computer Generation Sillars, and Thomas: nbs Report The concordance is preceded by a brief guide to its use; it is followed by some of the arithmetical data on placebo IV which Thomas' program has calculated. Section 3 exhibits a number of sentences generated from the rules of placebo IV on an ibm 7094, using a generating program again written by Thomas. (this program is also described in cohen-sillars-thomas.) Some of these sentences are displayed together with the trace of generation which the program furnishes; Section 3 opens with an aid to matching these traces against their respective sentences. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Talking Cures and Placebo Effects by : David A. Jopling
Download or read book Talking Cures and Placebo Effects written by David A. Jopling and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis have had to defend themselves from a barrage of criticisms throughout their history. In this book David Jopling argues that the changes achieved through therapy are really just functions of placebos that rally the mind's native healing powers. It is a bold new work that delivers yet another blow to Freud and his followers.
Book Synopsis Materials for Placebo V. by : William C. Watt
Download or read book Materials for Placebo V. written by William C. Watt and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials are presented that make the microgrammar Placebo V accessible to inspection.Placebo V should result in a working component of the Itself system which is to enable neuropathologists to use a computer as an ally in the analysis of pictures of brain tissue and of * sets of such pictures.The final Placebo will allow its users to describe such pictures (or 'sections') in English sentences, to query the computer in English, and to issue instructions in English for picture processing. The computer will respond in English.Section I of this paper opens with a key to the format in which the microgrammars are written and proceeds to listings of the rules of Placebos IV and V.Section 2 discusses inclusion problems between context-free machine grammars.Section 3 lists sentences generated from Placebo V rules.
Download or read book Placebo IV written by William C. Watt and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents materials which make the microgrammar PLACEBO IV accessible to close inspection. In the form given here, the microgrammar (when transferred to punched cards and when allied with the requisite 'service programs') may be used for random generation as well as, with minor modifications, for analytical parsing. These materials also facilitate the conversion of PLACEBO IV to the production and analysis of sentences other than those it now specifies. (Author).
Book Synopsis The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.
Book Synopsis Acute Heart Failure by : Alexandre Mebazaa
Download or read book Acute Heart Failure written by Alexandre Mebazaa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-24 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, there has been a great deal of work done on chronic congestive heart failure while acute heart failure has been considered a difficult to handle and hopeless syndrome. However, in recent years acute heart failure has become a growing area of study and this is the first book to cover extensively the diagnosis and management of this complex condition. The book reflects the considerable amounts of new data reported and many new concepts which have been proposed in the last 3-4 years looking at the epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment of acute heart failure.
Book Synopsis What Placebos Teach Us about Health and Care by : Dien Ho
Download or read book What Placebos Teach Us about Health and Care written by Dien Ho and published by Elements in Bioethics and Neuroethics. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element enables readers to rethink the nature of research, clinical care, and the boundaries of medicine.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309453070 Total Pages :487 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk. However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively. Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agendaâ€"outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issuesâ€"that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs.
Book Synopsis Small Clinical Trials by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Small Clinical Trials written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.
Download or read book Placebo written by Fabrizio Benedetti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the recent explosion of placebo research at many levels the Editors believe that a volume on Placebo would be a good addition to the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology series. In particular, this volume will be built up on a meeting on Placebo which will be held in Tuebingen (Germany) in January 2013, and where the most prominent researchers in this field will present and exchange their ideas. The authors who will be invited to write chapters for this volume will be the very same speakers at this meeting, thus guaranteeing high standard and excellence in the topic that will be treated. The approach of the book is mainly pharmacological, including basic research and clinical trials, and the contents range from different medical conditions and systems, such as pain and the immune system, to different experimental approaches, like in vivo receptor binding and pharmacological/behavioral conditioning. Overall, the volume will give an idea of modern placebo research, of timely concepts in both experimental and clinical pharmacology, as well as of modern methods and tools in neuroscience.
Book Synopsis WHO Recommendations by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO Recommendations written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of this guideline is to provide a foundation for the implementation of interventions shown to have been effective in reducing the burden of PPH (postpartum haemorrhage). Health professionals responsible for developing national and local health policies constitute the main target audience of this document. Obstetricians, midwives, general medical practitioners, health care managers and public health policy-makers, particularly in under-resourced settings are also targeted. This document establishes general principles of PPH care and it is intended to inform the development of clinical protocols and health policies related to PPH.
Book Synopsis Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis by : British Medical Association
Download or read book Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis written by British Medical Association and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-11-18 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the last Annual Representative Meeting of the British Medical Association a motion was passed that `certain additional cannabinoids should be legalized for wider medicinal use.'' This report supports this landmark statement by reviewing the scientific evidence for the therapeutic use of cannabinoids and sets the agenda for change. It will be welcomed by those who believe that cannabinoids can be used in medical treatment. The report discusses in a clear and readable form the use and adverse effects of the drug for nausea, multiple sclerosis, pain, epilepsy, glaucoma, and asthma.
Book Synopsis The Placebo Response and the Power of Unconscious Healing by : Richard Kradin
Download or read book The Placebo Response and the Power of Unconscious Healing written by Richard Kradin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-04-27 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Placebo responses are automatic and unconscious and cannot be predicted on conscious volition. Instead, they reflect complex interactions between the innate reward system of the nervous system and encoded procedural memories and imaginal fantasies. This book contributes therapeutic effects, varies in potency, and exhibits its own pathologies.
Download or read book Placebo Junkies written by J.C. Carleson and published by Knopf Books for Young Readers. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going Bovine meets Trainspotting in this gritty portrait of at-risk teens gaming the prescription drug trial system. Meet Audie: Professional lab rat. Guinea pig. Serial human test subject. For Audie and her friends, “volunteering” for pharmaceutical drug trials means a quick fix and easy cash. Sure, there’s the occasional nasty side effect, but Audie’s got things under control. If Monday’s pill causes a rash, Tuesday’s ointment usually clears it right up. Wednesday’s injection soothes the sting from Tuesday’s “cure,” and Thursday’s procedure makes her forget all about Wednesday’s headache. By the time Friday rolls around, there’s plenty of cash in hand and perhaps even a slot in a government-funded psilocybin study, because WEEKEND! But the best fix of all is her boyfriend, Dylan, whose terminal illness just makes them even more compatible. He’s turning eighteen soon, so Audie is saving up to make it an unforgettable birthday. That means more drug trials than ever before, but Dylan is worth it. No pain, no gain, Audie tells herself as the pills wear away at her body and mind. No pain, no gain, she repeats as her grip on reality starts to slide. . . . Raw and irreverent, Placebo Junkies will captivate readers until the very end, when author J. C. Carleson leans in for a final twist of the knife.
