Place Of Science In A World Of Values And Facts

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Place of Science in a World of Values and Facts

Author : Loucas G. Christophorou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306476231
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Place of Science in a World of Values and Facts by : Loucas G. Christophorou

Download or read book Place of Science in a World of Values and Facts written by Loucas G. Christophorou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-27 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an engrossing book. It is also an unusual book: it is written by a scientist who is quite willing to talk about the softer side of life, about things such as love and respect and responsibility, and to try and position them in the context of his science. He is also willing to talk about religion, the manner in which it relates to science and science to it, and to attempt reconciliation of both. He sets himself a tough task, to tread the narrow path between the maudlin and the severely sober. In this, he is eminently successful. He is successful not because he aims at any grand synthesis, but because he has chosen the more modest path of simply laying out the cards on the table. This work is also unusual for another reason. The majority of books that attempt to explain science to a lay public, that try to describe its workings, its raison d'être, its hidden contents, its societal impact, its implications for our future, etc. , are written by theorists. This is hardly surprising. The theoretician, after all, is expected to think deeply, to be the great unifier, to be concernedwith meaning. Very few books about science are written by scientists, ones who spend their time in a working experimental laboratory. This is such a book. And because it is, it is also a very different book.

Place of Science in a World of Values and Facts

Author : Loucas G. Christophorou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789401743365
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Place of Science in a World of Values and Facts by : Loucas G. Christophorou

Download or read book Place of Science in a World of Values and Facts written by Loucas G. Christophorou and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Place of Value in a World of Facts

Author : Wolfgang Köhler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis The Place of Value in a World of Facts by : Wolfgang Köhler

Download or read book The Place of Value in a World of Facts written by Wolfgang Köhler and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal

Author : Heather E. Douglas
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 082297357X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by : Heather E. Douglas

Download or read book Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal written by Heather E. Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be "value-free." In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence.Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.

Place of Value in a World of Facts

Author : Wolfgang Köhler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (695 download)

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Book Synopsis Place of Value in a World of Facts by : Wolfgang Köhler

Download or read book Place of Value in a World of Facts written by Wolfgang Köhler and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Place of Value in a World of Facts

Author : Wolfgang Köhler
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 9780871401076
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Place of Value in a World of Facts by : Wolfgang Köhler

Download or read book The Place of Value in a World of Facts written by Wolfgang Köhler and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1976 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can values operate in a world of facts and still be more than indifferent facts themselves?

A Tapestry of Values

Author : Kevin C. Elliott
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190260823
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis A Tapestry of Values by : Kevin C. Elliott

Download or read book A Tapestry of Values written by Kevin C. Elliott and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of values in scientific research has become an important topic of discussion in both scholarly and popular debates. Pundits across the political spectrum worry that research on topics like climate change, evolutionary theory, vaccine safety, and genetically modified foods has become overly politicized. At the same time, it is clear that values play an important role in science by limiting unethical forms of research and by deciding what areas of research have the greatest relevance for society. Deciding how to distinguish legitimate and illegitimate influences of values in scientific research is a matter of vital importance. Recently, philosophers of science have written a great deal on this topic, but most of their work has been directed toward a scholarly audience. This book makes the contemporary philosophical literature on science and values accessible to a wide readership. It examines case studies from a variety of research areas, including climate science, anthropology, chemical risk assessment, ecology, neurobiology, biomedical research, and agriculture. These cases show that values have necessary roles to play in identifying research topics, choosing research questions, determining the aims of inquiry, responding to uncertainty, and deciding how to communicate information. Kevin Elliott focuses not just on describing roles for values but also on determining when their influences are actually appropriate. He emphasizes several conditions for incorporating values in a legitimate fashion, and highlights multiple strategies for fostering engagement between stakeholders so that value influences can be subjected to careful and critical scrutiny.

Science Values and Objectivity

Author : Peter Machamer
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822970864
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Values and Objectivity by : Peter Machamer

Download or read book Science Values and Objectivity written by Peter Machamer and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2004-11-28 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few people, if any, still argue that science in all its aspects is a value-free endeavor. At the very least, values affect decisions about the choice of research problems to investigate and the uses to which the results of research are applied. But what about the actual doing of science?As Science, Values, and Objectivity reveals, the connections and interactions between values and science are quite complex. The essays in this volume Theory and Method in the Neurosciences surveys the nature and structure of theories in contemporary neuroscience, exploring many of its methodological techniques and problems. The essays in this volume from the Pittsburgh -Konstanz series explore basic questions about how to relate theories of neuroscience and cognition, the multilevel character of such theories, and their experimental bases. Philosophers and scientists (and some who are both) examine the topics of explanation and mechanisms, simulation and computation, imaging and animal models that raise questions about the forefront of research in cognitive neuroscience. Their work will stimulate new thinking in anyone interested in the mind or brain and in recent theories of their connections.identify the crucial values that play a role in science, distinguish some of the criteria that can be used for value identification, and elaborate the conditions for warranting certain values as necessary or central to the very activity of scientific research.Recently, social constructivists have taken the presence of values within the scientific model to question the basis of objectivity. However, the contributors to Science, Values, and Objectivity recognize that such acknowledgment of the role of values does not negate the fact that objects exist in the world. Objects have the power to constrain our actions and thoughts, though the norms for these thoughts lie in the public, social world.Values may be decried or defended, praised or blamed, but in a world that strives for a modicum of reason, values, too, must be reasoned. Critical assessment of the values that play a role in scientific research is as much a part of doing good science as interpreting data.

The Moral Landscape

Author : Sam Harris
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 143917122X
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Moral Landscape by : Sam Harris

Download or read book The Moral Landscape written by Sam Harris and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-09-13 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sam Harris dismantles the most common justification for religious faith--that a moral system cannot be based on science.

Emerging Dynamics: Science, Energy, Society and Values

Author : Loucas G. Christophorou
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319907131
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Dynamics: Science, Energy, Society and Values by : Loucas G. Christophorou

Download or read book Emerging Dynamics: Science, Energy, Society and Values written by Loucas G. Christophorou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Dynamics: Science, Energy, Society and Values focuses on the impact of science, science-based technology and scientific values on present-day humanity and its future. The book advocates for a science willing to accommodate both human values and scientific facts. The four main subjects focused on throughout the text are: The overwhelming impact of modern science and science-based technology on virtually every aspect of human life Human values and their significance for science and society The need for mutual accommodation between scientific values and the traditional values of society The fundamental role of energy for civilization and society. The book cuts across scientific disciplines and looks at modern civilization through the knowledge provided by the physical, chemical, biomedical and other branches of natural science. The book is unique in its holistic approach, combining knowledge acquired by deduction, reduction-induction, and experimental scientific methods with knowledge acquired through history, philosophy, the arts, faith and cultural traditions. Modern civilization’s most distinct characteristics are due to science, science-based technology and energy. The role of energy in the sustainability of civilization and the impact of biomedical science on man are especially emphasized throughout this timely book, making a case for a hopeful future based on both science and values. A science guided in its applications by human values and a value system cognizant of the facts of science and willing to accommodate them

Science and Moral Imagination

Author : Matthew J. Brown
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822987678
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Moral Imagination by : Matthew J. Brown

Download or read book Science and Moral Imagination written by Matthew J. Brown and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that science is or should be value-free, and that values are or should be formed independently of science, has been under fire by philosophers of science for decades. Science and Moral Imagination directly challenges the idea that science and values cannot and should not influence each other. Matthew J. Brown argues that science and values mutually influence and implicate one another, that the influence of values on science is pervasive and must be responsibly managed, and that science can and should have an influence on our values. This interplay, he explains, must be guided by accounts of scientific inquiry and value judgment that are sensitive to the complexities of their interactions. Brown presents scientific inquiry and value judgment as types of problem-solving practices and provides a new framework for thinking about how we might ethically evaluate episodes and decisions in science, while offering guidance for scientific practitioners and institutions about how they can incorporate value judgments into their work. His framework, dubbed “the ideal of moral imagination,” emphasizes the role of imagination in value judgment and the positive role that value judgment plays in science.

The Place of Value in a World of Facts

Author : W. Koehler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Place of Value in a World of Facts by : W. Koehler

Download or read book The Place of Value in a World of Facts written by W. Koehler and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Place of Value in a World of Facts

Author : Wolfgang Kohler
Publisher : Franklin Classics Trade Press
ISBN 13 : 9780353323599
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis The Place of Value in a World of Facts by : Wolfgang Kohler

Download or read book The Place of Value in a World of Facts written by Wolfgang Kohler and published by Franklin Classics Trade Press. This book was released on 2018-11-11 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Facts, Values, and Norms

Author : Peter Railton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521426930
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (269 download)

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Book Synopsis Facts, Values, and Norms by : Peter Railton

Download or read book Facts, Values, and Norms written by Peter Railton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-17 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our everyday lives we struggle with the notions of why we do what we do and the need to assign values to our actions. Somehow, it seems possible through experience and life to gain knowledge and understanding of such matters. Yet once we start delving deeper into the concepts that underwrite these domains of thought and actions, we face a philosophical disappointment. In contrast to the world of facts, values and morality seem insecure, uncomfortably situated, easily influenced by illusion or ideology. How can we apply this same objectivity and accuracy to the spheres of value and morality? In the essays included in this collection, Peter Railton shows how a fairly sober, naturalistically informed view of the world might nonetheless incorporate objective values and moral knowledge. This book will be of interest to professionals and students working in philosophy and ethics.

The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and Other Essays

Author : Hilary Putnam
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674013808
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and Other Essays by : Hilary Putnam

Download or read book The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and Other Essays written by Hilary Putnam and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2004-03-30 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If philosophy has any business in the world, it is the clarification of our thinking and the clearing away of ideas that cloud the mind. In this book, one of the world's preeminent philosophers takes issue with an idea that has found an all-too-prominent place in popular culture and philosophical thought: the idea that while factual claims can be rationally established or refuted, claims about value are wholly subjective, not capable of being rationally argued for or against. Although it is on occasion important and useful to distinguish between factual claims and value judgments, the distinction becomes, Hilary Putnam argues, positively harmful when identified with a dichotomy between the objective and the purely "subjective." Putnam explores the arguments that led so much of the analytic philosophy of language, metaphysics, and epistemology to become openly hostile to the idea that talk of value and human flourishing can be right or wrong, rational or irrational; and by which, following philosophy, social sciences such as economics have fallen victim to the bankrupt metaphysics of Logical Positivism. Tracing the problem back to Hume's conception of a "matter of fact" as well as to Kant's distinction between "analytic" and "synthetic" judgments, Putnam identifies a path forward in the work of Amartya Sen. Lively, concise, and wise, his book prepares the way for a renewed mutual fruition of philosophy and the social sciences.

Fostering Integrity in Research

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309391253
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Fostering Integrity in Research by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Fostering Integrity in Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.

Facts, Values and the Policy World

Author : Phil Ryan
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447364562
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Facts, Values and the Policy World by : Phil Ryan

Download or read book Facts, Values and the Policy World written by Phil Ryan and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many policy analysts – and citizens interested in public issues – believe that rigorous thought should be uncontaminated by values, which are merely subjective. Policy analysis, however, is about what is worth doing and therefore inherently values based. This accessible book reveals the damage that this contradiction inflicts on policy analysis and society. It also demonstrates the real-world failings of various influential alternatives to the ‘value-free’ ideal. By showing that values are amenable to critical analysis, this book provides a solid foundation for a comprehensive approach that reimagines the scope and role of policy analysis in contemporary society.