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Physical And Chemical Characterization Of Personal Exposure To Airborne Particulate Matter Pm In The Los Angeles Subways And Light Rail Trains
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Book Synopsis Physical and Chemical Characterization of Personal Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter (PM) in the Los Angeles Subways and Light-rail Trains by : Constantinos Sioutas
Download or read book Physical and Chemical Characterization of Personal Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter (PM) in the Los Angeles Subways and Light-rail Trains written by Constantinos Sioutas and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Non-Exhaust Emissions by : Fulvio Amato
Download or read book Non-Exhaust Emissions written by Fulvio Amato and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Exhaust Emissions: An Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health comprehensively summarizes the most recent research in the field, also giving guidance on research gaps and future needs to evaluate the health impact and possible remediation of non-exhaust particle emissions. With contributions from some of the major experts and stakeholders in air quality, this book comprehensively defines the state-of-the-art of current knowledge, gaps and future needs for a better understanding of particulate matter (PM) emissions, from non-exhaust sources of road traffic to improve public health. PM is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources, with road traffic being the major source in large cities. A significant part of these emissions come from non-exhaust processes, such as brake, tire, road wear, and road dust resuspension. While motor exhaust emissions have been successfully reduced by means of regulation, non-exhaust emissions are currently uncontrolled and their importance is destined to increase and become the dominant urban source of particle matter by 2020. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the non-exhaust emissions is still limited. This is an essential book to researchers and advanced students from a broad range of disciplines, such as public health, toxicology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry, epidemiology, built environment, road and vehicle engineering, and city planning. In addition, European and local authorities responsible for air quality and those in the industrial sectors related to vehicle and brake manufacturing and technological remediation measures will also find the book valuable. Acts as the first book to explore the health impacts of non-exhaust emissions Authored by experts from several sectors, including academia, industry and policy Gathers the relevant body of literature and information, defining the current knowledge, gaps and future needs
Book Synopsis Detailed Characterization of Indoor and Personal Particulate Matter Concentrations by : Helen Suh
Download or read book Detailed Characterization of Indoor and Personal Particulate Matter Concentrations written by Helen Suh and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterisation of Airborne Particulate Matter in Different European Subway Systems by : Vânia Martins
Download or read book Characterisation of Airborne Particulate Matter in Different European Subway Systems written by Vânia Martins and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air quality sampling campaigns in three European subway systems (Barcelona, Athens and Oporto) were conducted in order to characterise particulate matter (PM) to better understand the main factors controlling it. PM mass concentrations varied among the European subway platforms, and also within the same underground system, this being mainly associated to differences in the design of the stations and tunnels, system age, train frequency, ventilation and air-conditioning systems, commuter's density, rails geometry and outdoor air quality. PM concentrations displayed clear diurnal patterns, depending largely on the operation and frequency of the trains and the ventilation system. Chemically, subway PM2.5 on the platforms consisted of iron, carbonaceous material, crustal matter, secondary inorganic compounds, insoluble sulphate, halite and trace elements. Fe was the most abundant element, accounting for 19-46% of the bulk PM2.5, which is generated mainly from mechanical wear at rail-wheel-brake interfaces. A source apportionment analysis allowed the identification of outdoor (sea salt, fuel-oil combustion and secondary aerosol) and subway sources on platforms. The use of air-conditioning inside the trains was an effective approach to reduce exposure concentrations, being more efficient removing coarser particles. PM concentrations inside the trains were greatly affected by the surrounding (id est platforms and tunnels) air quality conditions.
Book Synopsis Airborne Particulate Matter by : R M Harrison
Download or read book Airborne Particulate Matter written by R M Harrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The estimated health impacts and associated economic costs resulting from airborne particulate matter are substantial. Exposure to airborne fine particles ranks highly amongst preventable causes of disease. This book reviews the sources and atmospheric processes affecting airborne particulate matter and consequent impacts upon human health. Examining the latest information on the sources of particles in the atmosphere, both through direct emissions and atmospheric formation, the book also explores the methods which are used to estimate the contributions of different sources to airborne concentrations. Featuring case studies from recent assessments in Europe, the USA, China and India, the book provides a global overview of source apportionment. The health effects are reviewed in the context of the influence of sources, chemical composition and particle size upon relative toxicity. This comprehensive book is an important reference for policymakers and consultants working with pollution and human health, as well as academics working in atmospheric chemistry.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309443628 Total Pages :159 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Health Risks of Indoor Exposure to Particulate Matter by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Health Risks of Indoor Exposure to Particulate Matter written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines PM as a mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets comprising a number of components, including "acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, soil or dust particles, and allergens (such as fragments of pollen and mold spores)". The health effects of outdoor exposure to particulate matter (PM) are the subject of both research attention and regulatory action. Although much less studied to date, indoor exposure to PM is gaining attention as a potential source of adverse health effects. Indoor PM can originate from outdoor particles and also from various indoor sources, including heating, cooking, and smoking. Levels of indoor PM have the potential to exceed outdoor PM levels. Understanding the major features and subtleties of indoor exposures to particles of outdoor origin can improve our understanding of the exposureâ€"response relationship on which ambient air pollutant standards are based. The EPA's Indoor Environments Division commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to hold a workshop examining the issue of indoor exposure to PM more comprehensively and considering both the health risks and possible intervention strategies. Participants discussed the ailments that are most affected by particulate matter and the attributes of the exposures that are of greatest concern, exposure modifiers, vulnerable populations, exposure assessment, risk management, and gaps in the science. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Book Synopsis Spatial Variability of Size-fractionated PM in Relation to Their Physical and Chemical Characteristics by : Margaret Alexandra Krudysz
Download or read book Spatial Variability of Size-fractionated PM in Relation to Their Physical and Chemical Characteristics written by Margaret Alexandra Krudysz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report by : National Research Council
Download or read book Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-08-23 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soldiers deployed during the 1991 Persian Gulf War were exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and other airborne pollutants. Their exposures were largely the result of daily windblown dust, dust storms, and smoke from oil fires. On returning from deployment, many veterans complained of persistent respiratory symptoms. With the renewed activity in the Middle East over the last few years, deployed military personnel are again exposed to dust storms and daily windblown dust in addition to other types of PM, such as diesel exhaust and particles from open-pit burning. On the basis of the high concentrations observed and concerns about the potential health effects, DOD designed and implemented a study to characterize and quantify the PM in the ambient environment at 15 sites in the Middle East. The endeavor is known as the DOD Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP). The U.S. Army asked the National Research Council to review the EPMSP report. In response, the present evaluation considers the potential acute and chronic health implications on the basis of information presented in the report. It also considers epidemiologic and health-surveillance data collected by the USACHPPM, to assess potential health implications for deployed personnel, and recommends methods for reducing or characterizing health risks.
Book Synopsis Chemical and Physical Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter by :
Download or read book Chemical and Physical Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter by : National Research Council
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-05-30 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New National Ambient Air Quality Standards for airborne particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, called PM2.5, were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amidst scientific uncertainty and controversy. In response to a request from Congress, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter, the first of four books in a series, offers a conceptual framework for an integrated national program of particulate-matter research, identifies the 10 most critical research needs linked to key policy-related scientific uncertainties, and describes the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The committee concludes that EPA should devote more resources to investigating the relationships between fixed-site outdoor monitoring data and actual human breathing-zone exposures to ambient particulate matter and to identifying the most biologically important constituents and characteristics of particulate matter through toxicological studies. The recommended research activities are critical to determining actual exposures of human subpopulations most susceptible to harm from the most hazardous constituents of particulate matter. Future research will be an investment in public health and a means to ensure that resources spent on control technology and regulatory compliance will have a reasonable probability of success.
Book Synopsis Size and Chemical Characterization of Indoor Particulate Matter by : David D. Massey
Download or read book Size and Chemical Characterization of Indoor Particulate Matter written by David D. Massey and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the data available on particulate especially the fine particles is available for the developed world and not in the developing world like India, where large population is exposed to pollutants. Most of the people in India spend 80-90% of their time indoors, where exposure to majority air pollution is quite different from that outdoors. Therefore, understanding how indoor exposure relates outdoor concentration is critical for assessment of policy interventions to reduce adverse health effects. It has been also established that there is relatively consistent increase in mortality of 0.2% per 10 gm-3 increase of PM according to National Morbidity, Mortality and Air pollution study. Particles less than 2.5 is ubiquitous and control number of atmospheric processes and effects. The measurement of indoor particles is thus essential in order to assess the total particulate exposure of the general population.
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants Publisher :Routledge ISBN 13 : Total Pages :348 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (52 download)
Book Synopsis Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants by : National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants
Download or read book Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants written by National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1991-01-15 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people in the United States spend far more time indoors than outdoors. Yet, many air pollution regulations and risk assessments focus on outdoor air. These often overlook contact with harmful contaminants that may be at their most dangerous concentrations indoors. A new book from the National Research Council explores the need for strategies to address indoor and outdoor exposures and examines the methods and tools available for finding out where and when significant exposures occur. The volume includes: A conceptual framework and common terminology that investigators from different disciplines can use to make more accurate assessments of human exposure to airborne contaminants. An update of important developments in assessing exposure to airborne contaminants: ambient air sampling and physical chemical measurements, biological markers, questionnaires, time-activity diaries, and modeling. A series of examples of how exposure assessments have been applied-properly and improperly-to public health issues and how the committee's suggested framework can be brought into practice. This volume will provide important insights to improve risk assessment, risk management, pollution control, and regulatory programs.
Author :Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :9780309073370 Total Pages :196 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (733 download)
Book Synopsis Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter by : Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter written by Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulatory standards are already on the books at the the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and EPA have initiated a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause damage. To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result is a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. This, the third volume, begins the task of assessing the progress made in implementing the research program. The National Research Council ultimately concludes that the ongoing program is appropriately addressing many of the key uncertainties. However, it also identifies a number of critical specific subjects that should be given greater attention. Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter focuses on the most current and planned research projects with an eye toward the fourth and final report, which will contain an updated assessment.
Book Synopsis THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER by : John Raymond Wallace
Download or read book THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER written by John Raymond Wallace and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :136 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: Evaluating research progress and updating the portfolio by : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter
Download or read book Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: Evaluating research progress and updating the portfolio written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis FTIR Analysis of Particulate Matter Collected on Teflon Filters in Columbus, OH by : Patrick Veres
Download or read book FTIR Analysis of Particulate Matter Collected on Teflon Filters in Columbus, OH written by Patrick Veres and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) to which humans are exposed to provides information important to the understanding of our chemical environment and associated health risks. In this research, experimental methods have been developed for the collection and qualitative characterization of personal exposure to PM. Three ambient samples have been collected at various locations in Columbus, OH to demonstrate the analytical capabilities of the techniques used. The methods developed will be used in future PM compositional studies and can be extended to include quantitative functional group analysis. Field samples of PM were collected over a 24-h period on Teflon filters with the Sioutas cascade impactor operated at 9 L/min. PM samples were fractionated into the following size distributions:>2.5 um, 2.5 - 1.0 um, 1.0 - 0.50 um, 0.50 - 0.25 um, and
Book Synopsis Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers by : Peter H. McMurry
Download or read book Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers written by Peter H. McMurry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-29 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment was commissioned by NARSTO, a cooperative public-private sector organization of Canada, Mexico and the United States. It is a concise and comprehensive discussion of the current understanding by atmospheric scientists of airborne particulate matter (PM). Its goal is to provide policy makers who implement air-quality standards with this relevant and needed scientific information. The primary audience for this volume will be regulators, scientists, and members of industry, all of whom have a stake in effective PM management. It will also inform exposure and health scientists, who investigate causal hypotheses of health impacts, characterize exposure, and conduct epidemiological and toxicological studies.
