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Author : Ruben Arthur Stirton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Phylogeny of North American Equidae written by Ruben Arthur Stirton and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. Stirton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (459 download)
Download or read book Phylogeny of North American Equidae, by R. A. Stirton written by A. Stirton and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ruben Arthur Stirton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Phylogeny of North American Equidae written by Ruben Arthur Stirton and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : José Luis Prado
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319558773
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Fossil Horses of South America written by José Luis Prado and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an update on the phylogeny, systematics and ecology of horses in South America based on data provided over the past three decades. The contemporary South American mammalian communities were shaped by the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama and by the profound climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene. Horses were a conspicuous group of immigrant mammals from North America that arrived in South America during the Pleistocene. This group is represented by 2 genera, Hippidion and Equus, which include small species (Hippidion devillei, H. saldiasi, E. andium and E. insulatus) and large forms (Equus neogeus and H. principale). Both groups arrived in South America via 2 different routes. One model designed to explain this migration indicates that the small forms used the Andes corridor, while larger horses used the eastern route and arrived through some coastal areas. Molecular dating (ancient DNA) suggests that the South American horses separated from the North American taxa (caballines and the New World stilt-legged horse) after 3.6 - 3.2 Ma, consistent with the final formation of the Panamanian Isthmus. Recent studies of stable isotopes in these horses indicate an extensive range of 13C values cover closed woodlands to C4 grasslands. This plasticity agrees with the hypothesis that generalist species and open biome specialist species from North America indicate a positive migration through South America.
Author : Bruce J. MacFadden
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521477086
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Fossil Horses written by Bruce J. MacFadden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-06-24 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The horse has frequently been used as a classic example of long-term evolution because it possesses an extensive fossil record. This book synthesizes the large body of data and research relevant to an understanding of fossil horses from perspectives such as biology, geology, paleontology.
Author : Christine M. Janis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521355193
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (551 download)
Download or read book Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate Like Mammals written by Christine M. Janis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-05-28 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed as a source and reference for people interested in the history and fossil record of North American tertiary mammals. Each chapter covers a different family or order, and includes information on anatomical features, systematics, the distribution of the genera and species at different fossil localities, and a discussion of their paleobiology. Many of these groups have never been covered in this fashion before.
Author : Michael J. Novacek
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231074384
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (743 download)
Download or read book Extinction and Phylogeny written by Michael J. Novacek and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 99% of all life that has ever existed on this planet is extinct. Moreover, human acceleration of the extinction of species has created a crisis in biodiversity. How can the history of past life be retreived? How does this history bear on our understanding of the organization and evolution of present-day species? These questions are addressed in extinction and phylogeny.
Author : Bruce J. MacFadden
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Systematics and Phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of the New World written by Bruce J. MacFadden and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eric J. Sargis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402069979
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology written by Eric J. Sargis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-21 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book celebrates the contributions of Dr. Frederick S. Szalay to the field of Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology. Professor Szalay is a strong advocate for biologically and evolutionarily meaningful character analysis. He has published about 200 articles, six monographs, and six books on this subject. This book features subjects such as the evolution and adaptation of mammals and provides up-to-date articles on the evolutionary morphology of a wide range of mammalian groups.
Author : Raymond Louis Bernor
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889635554
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Examining Evolutionary Trends in Equus and its Close Relatives from Five Continents written by Raymond Louis Bernor and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution of the horse has been an often-cited primary example of evolution, as well as one of the classic and important stories in paleontology for over a century and a half, due to their rich fossil record across 5 continents: North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The recent horse has served a profound role in human ancestry, including agriculture, commerce, sport, transport, warfare, and in prehistory, for the subsistence of humans. Many studies have examined the evolution of the Equidae and chronicled the striking changes in skulls, dentition, limbs, and body size which have long been perceived to be a response to environmental shifts through time. Most comprehensive studies heretofore have: (1) focused on the “Great Transformation”- changes that occurred in the early Miocene, (2) involved tracking long-term diversity or paleoecological trends on a single continent or within a geographical locality, or (3) concentrated on the 3-toed hipparions. The Plio–Pleistocene evolutionary stage of horse evolution is punctuated by the great climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary beginning 2.6 Ma which influenced Equus evolution, biogeographic dispersion and adaptation on a nearly global scale. The evolutionary biology of Equus evolution across its entire range remains relatively poorly understood and often highly controversial. Some of this lack of understanding is due to assumptions that have arisen because of the relatively derived craniodental and postcranial anatomy of Equus and its close relatives which has seemed to imply that that these forms occupied relatively homogenous and narrow dietary and locomotor niches - notions that have not been adequately addressed and rigorously tested. Other challenges have revolved around teasing apart environmentally-driven adaptation versus phylogenetically defined morphological change. Geochronologic age control of localities, geographic provinces and continents has improved, but in no way is absolute and can be reexamined in our proposed volume. Temporal resolution for paleodietary, paleohabitat and paleoecological interpretations are also challenging for understanding the evolution of Equus. Our proposed volume attempts to assemble a group of experts who will address multiple dimensions of Equus’ evolution in time and space.
Author : Michael O. Woodburne
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231503784
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America written by Michael O. Woodburne and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-21 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book places into modern context the information by which North American mammalian paleontologists recognize, divide, calibrate, and discuss intervals of mammalian evolution known as North American Land Mammal Ages. It incorporates new information on the systematic biology of the fossil record and utilizes the many recent advances in geochronologic methods and their results. The book describes the increasingly highly resolved stratigraphy into which all available temporally significant data and applications are integrated. Extensive temporal coverage includes the Lancian part of the Late Cretaceous, and geographical coverage includes information from Mexico, an integral part of the North American fauna, past and present.
Author : Richard C. Hulbert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (167 download)
Download or read book Phylogenetic Systematics, Biochronology, and Paleobiology of Late Neogene Horses (family Equidae) of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains written by Richard C. Hulbert and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten genera and thirty-four species of the subfamily Equinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) are described from the late Miocene-early Pliocene (late Barstovian-latest Hemphillian) of the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida and Texas, including new species of Nannippus, Cormohipparion, Protohippus, and Calippus. Hippotherium ingenuum Leidy and H. plicatile Leidy are reffered to Cormohipparion, and Merychippus westoni Simpson to Nannippus. These referrals are based on voluminous new material from the latest Calrendonian Love Site (Alachua County, Florida). Nine species of equids are recognized at the Love Site, and are described in detail. This site plays a major role in understanding North American equid systematics, phylogeny and paleoecology in the late Miocene. The horses of the following sites or fauna are also extensively reviewed: Cold Spring, Lapara Creek, Mixson's Bone Bed, Moss Acres Racetrack, Withlacoochee River 4A, and the Bone Valley Region. Five distinct faunal assemblages in stratigraphic superposition are recognized from the Bone Valley Formation, each witha diagnostic suite of equids. Comparisons with equid faunas from the Great Plains reveals little distinctive provinciality between these two regions in the late Miocene, as they have many species in common. This similarity allows a biochronologic zonation of the period between 16.5 and 4.5 million years ago (ma) into nine biochrons based on concurrent range zones of two or three equid species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the advanced Equinae form a monophyletic group comprised of two tribes, the Hipparionini and Equini. the Hipparionini consists of two major clades, one with Neohipparion and Pseudhipparion, the other with Hipparion, Cormohipparion, and Nannippus. Two clades are also recognized in the Equini, one with Protohippus and Calippus, the other with Pliohippus, Astrohippus and Equus. Species previously assigned to the paraphyletic grade "mercyhippus" are classified by their phylogenetically correct positions. Equid evolution is characterized by frequent parallelisms and character reversals that complicate phylogenetic reconstruction. thus, computer-generated, most parsimonious cladograms sometimes produce evolutionarily unlikely scenarios. Hipparionines and protohippines numerically and taxonomically dominated North American equid faunas until about 6.5 ma; then equines predominated. Protohippines became extinct about 6.2 ma, and hipparionines about 2.0 ma.
Author : R. Lee Lyman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198871155
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Graphing Culture Change in North American Archaeology written by R. Lee Lyman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documentation, analysis, and explanation of culture change have long been goals of archaeology. Scientific graphs facilitate the visual thinking that allow archaeologists to determine the relationship between variables, and, if well designed, comprehend the processes implied by the relationship. Different graph types suggest different ontologies and theories of change, and particular techniques of parsing temporally continuous morphological variation of artefacts into types influence graph form. North American archaeologists have grappled with finding a graph that effectively and efficiently displays culture change over time. Line graphs, bar graphs, and numerous one-off graph types were used between 1910 and 1950, after which spindle graphs displaying temporal frequency distributions of specimens within each of multiple artefact types emerged as the most readily deciphered diagram. The variety of graph types used over the twentieth century indicate archaeologists often mixed elements of both Darwinian variational evolutionary change and Midas-touch like transformational change. Today, there is minimal discussion of graph theory or graph grammar in introductory archaeology textbooks or advanced texts, and elements of the two theories of evolution are still mixed. Culture has changed, and archaeology provides unique access to the totality of humankind's cultural past. It is therefore crucial that graph theory, construction, and decipherment are revived in archaeological discussion.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1490 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Bibliography of North American Geology written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1919/28 cumulation includes material previously issued in the 1919/20-1935/36 issues and also material not published separately for 1927/28. 1929/39 cumulation includes material previously issued in the 1929/30-1935/36 issues and also material for 1937-39 not published separately.
Author : Anthony D. Barnosky
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520240820
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)
Download or read book Biodiversity Response to Climate Change in the Middle Pleistocene written by Anthony D. Barnosky and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Fossil finds from 10 years of research show the effects of climate change on North American mammals during the Pleistocene era, about one million to 400,000 years ago.
Author : Donald R. Prothero
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Evolution of Perissodactyls written by Donald R. Prothero and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new treatise is comprised of 24 papers covering virtually every recent development regarding fossil horses, rhinos, tapirs, and their extinct relatives. It includes materials currently available in no other reference, such as information on the oldest known rhino and the oldest known perissodactyl, as well as papers debunking myths about the evolution of horses, and strong evidence that hyraxes are not related to elephants. The summary chapter includes useful charts which show the relationships of all perissodactyl genera, their distribution in time and space, and a new classification of the order.
Author : Elisabeth S. Vrba
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300063482
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins written by Elisabeth S. Vrba and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the relationship between climatic and biotic evolution, this work focuses on how climatic change during the last 15 million years - especially the last three million - has affected human evolution and other evolutionary events.
