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Photosynthesis Carbon Allocation And Nitrogen Fixation In Red Alder Alnus Rubra Bong Seedlings
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Book Synopsis Photosynthesis, Carbon Allocation, and Nitrogen Fixation in Red Alder (Alnus Rubra Bong.) Seedlings by : John Albert Arnone
Download or read book Photosynthesis, Carbon Allocation, and Nitrogen Fixation in Red Alder (Alnus Rubra Bong.) Seedlings written by John Albert Arnone and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Solution Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Carbon Allocation and Nitrogen Fixation of Red Alder Seedlings by : Cynthia C. Lipp
Download or read book Effect of Solution Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Carbon Allocation and Nitrogen Fixation of Red Alder Seedlings written by Cynthia C. Lipp and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of solution nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations on biomass production and N2 fixation of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings grown in perlite-filled pots in a climate controlled growth room were studied. Nodulated seedlings were subjected to 12 different nutrient solution combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus and one sodium control treatment. Carbohydrate allocation, nitrogen fixation (using acetylene reduction (AR) methods) and leaf N and P concentrations were measured to determine the relative importance of external nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on plant growth and nutrient status, nodule production, and nitrogen fixation activity. Nodule biomass per plant declined with increasing solution N concentrations (1, 10, 100, 1000 mg N/l). Nodule AR rates remained relatively stable over most of the treatments. This study, however provides some evidence that nodule and plant AR rates can be enhanced at treatment combinations of 100 mg N/l and 100 mg N/l over all other treatment combinations of N and P used in this study. Leaf P concentrations increased with increasing solution P concentrations (10, 100, 1000 mg P/l). Nodule biomass per plant, nitrogenase activity (measured as nodule AR rates) and plant AR rate were greatest at 100 mg P/l. Plant biomass production was greatest at solution concentrations of 100 mg N/l combined with 10 or 100 mg P/l. All measured variables were depressed at high solution concentrations of nitrogen (1000 mg N/l) and phosphorus (1000 mg P/l) probably due to the adverse effects of high leaf nutrient concentrations. Plant nitrogen fixation declined with increasing solution N concentration. The nitrogen content of leaves per plant, however, was greater at 100 mg N/l than when N was present at 1 and 10 mg N/l in solution. This suggests that there was a shift in the relative contribution from fixed N as a major contributor to the plant nitrogen pool at solution N concentrations of 1 and 10 mg N/l, to mineral N at solution concentrations of 100 mg N/l and 1000 mg N/l. Increased demand for carbohydrate by nitrogen fixation at low external N concentrations (1 and 10 mg N/l) was associated with reduced plant growth. First, leaf nitrogen concentrations appeared to be optimum for plant growth in all treatments, thus the reduction in plant growth at 1 and 10 mg N/l was not due to a nitrogen deficiency. Second, the decline in nitrogen fixation with increasing solution N concentrations would result in a reduced demand for plant carbohydrates by the nodules. At 100 mg N/l carbohydrate was directed away from the nodules to other plant parts resulting in an increase in growth. Finally, it was concluded that the effect of solution N concentrations on alder nitrogen fixation and growth appeared to be through a shift in the allocation of carbohydrate to nodules and other plant parts. The effect of solution P concentrations on alder nitrogen fixation appeared to be through a stimulation of nodule biomass up to solution P concentrations of 100 mg P/l. Leaf P concentrations ranged from optimum to potentially toxic for plant growth. Biomass production was highest when solution P concentrations were at 10 lug P/l and leaf P concentrations were between 0.2% and 0.4%. An interaction between N and P indicates that each may modify the effect the other has on plant growth and nitrogen fixation. Leaf nutrient concentrations, nodule biomass, and nodule AR rates were influenced by an interaction between N and P. An increase in treatment P concentrations to 100 mg P/l modified the negative effect of solution nitrogen on nodule biomass so that the rate of decline of nodule biomass was reduced compared to 10 mg P/l solution treatments. Plant AR activity increased significantly, when treated with a combination of 100 mg N/l and 100 mg P/l in solution, as compared to all other treatments. This increase was a combined result of P enhancement of nodule biomass and a stimulation of nodule AR activity by N and P as plant growth increased and more carbohydrate was produced. It appears that nitrogen fixation may be enhanced when low amounts of external nitrogen are present and P availability is not limited. The negative effect nitrogen concentrations on red alder nitrogen fixation have been reported in other studies. However, the importance of phosphorus to nitrogen fixation has only recently been brought under investigation. This study indicates that high P availability can modify the negative effect of external nitrogen concentrations on nitrogen fixation and increase the potential contribution of nitrogen to the system by the nitrogen fixing plant.
Book Synopsis The Biology and Management of Red Alder by : David E. Hibbs
Download or read book The Biology and Management of Red Alder written by David E. Hibbs and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red Alder, the Northwest's most common hardwood, is of increasing biological and economic importance to the region. This timely study examines current knowledge about red alder and its role in Northwest forests.
Book Synopsis General Technical Report PNW-GTR by :
Download or read book General Technical Report PNW-GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Fertilization on Growth and Foliar Nutrients of Red Alder Seedlings by : M. A. Radwan
Download or read book Effects of Fertilization on Growth and Foliar Nutrients of Red Alder Seedlings written by M. A. Radwan and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Density Stress and Soil Productivity on Size, Mortality and Nitrogen Fixation in Artificial Populations of Seedling Red Alder (Alnus Rubra Bong.) by : Nicholas J. Smith
Download or read book Effects of Density Stress and Soil Productivity on Size, Mortality and Nitrogen Fixation in Artificial Populations of Seedling Red Alder (Alnus Rubra Bong.) written by Nicholas J. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings were grown at three initial spacings (8 x 8 cm, 4 x 4 cm, and 2 x 2 cm) and on two soil types (forest soil and river loam) under greenhouse and lath house conditions for 525 growing days. There were seven harvest dates, commencing at crown closure. Based on a 6% stratified (by size) random sample, logarithmic regressions were used to estimate individual tree biomass and structure at each harvest date. Acetylene reduction (a measure of N2 fixation capacity) was estimated as the mean sample tree value per treatment combination for selected harvest dates. Average tree size was consistently larger at wider than denser spacings and on forest soil compared to river loam. The -3/2 power rule, which imposes an upper limit on average plant size (S) as a function of actual stocking density (p), was reformulated by examining the trend of the size to density (S-p) trajectory over the course of the experiment. A 5 parameter non-linear model was used to estimate the self-thinning asymptote, relative density at crown closure plus shape and rate of change in the ( -p) trajectory. For average plant weight (W) the self-thinning asymptote intercept and slope were 9.4 x l0 g/m2 and 1.46, respectively. The crown closure line was parallel to the asymptote at a relative density of 0.31. The (W-p) trajectory was described by the same model regardless of initial spacing or soil type. This model was used to examine carbohydrate allocation and suggested the following priority: branches> stem> leaves> roots> nodules, with decreasing density. The (W-p) time trajectory was examined using a logarithmic integral logistic equation which showed that intrinsic growth rate was higher on denser spacings and forest soils. There were no soil type differences (p
Book Synopsis The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants by : Christa R. Schwintzer
Download or read book The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants written by Christa R. Schwintzer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants provides a comprehensive review of Frankia and the actinorhizal plants. It reviews the state of knowledge on all aspects from molecular genetics through ecology to practical applications; describes methods used in research and practical applications; and is a guide to the literature. The book begins with overviews of Frankia and the actinorhizal plants, and developments in the field prior to the first confirmed isolation of Frankia. Next is a series of authoritative chapters on the biology of Frankia, the symbiosis, and actinorhizal plants. Although methods used in research and in practical applications are included throughout the book, they are given special emphasis in the middle section. The final section of the book concerns the ecology and current and potential uses of actinorhizal plants in both the temperate regions and the tropics. This work is intended as a reference text and handbook of methods for a wide audience including established workers and students of Frankia and actinorhizal plants, specialists and students in other areas of nitrogen fixation (including the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis), soil microbiologists, plant physiologists, ecologists, general biologists, foresters, specialists in land reclamation, and managers requiring an authoritative overview of this rapidly developing field.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Red Alder written by Robert Leslie Deal and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 23-25, 2005, an international symposium on red alder was held at the University of Washington Center for Urban Horticulture in Seattle, WA. The symposium was entitled S2Red alder: A State of KnowledgeS3 and brought together regional experts to critically examine the economic, ecological and social values of red alder. The primary goal of the symposium was to discuss new advances in the understanding of red alder biology and silviculture, changing market and nonmarket values, and the current regulatory climate for management of alder. This proceedings includes 14 papers based on oral presentations given at the symposium. These papers highlight some of the key findings from the history, ecology, biology, silviculture and economics sessions presented at the red alder symposium.
Book Synopsis Comparative Effects of Urea Fertilizer and Red Alder in a Site III, Coast Douglas-fir Plantation in the Washington Cascade Range by :
Download or read book Comparative Effects of Urea Fertilizer and Red Alder in a Site III, Coast Douglas-fir Plantation in the Washington Cascade Range written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five randomly assigned treatments were used to quantify effects of adding varying numbers of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) or nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of a 10-year-old conifer plantation at a medium quality site in the western Washington Cascade Range. Zero, 20, 40, and 80 alder trees per acre were retained along with about 300 conifers per acre. Nearly all conifers were coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). A fifth treatment substituted N fertilizer for N-fixing alder. Changes in average tree height, and in numbers of trees, basal area, and volume per acre between plantation ages of 10 and 27 are compared. In pure conifer plots, gross volume growth averaged 26 percent greater on fertilized than nonfertilized plots, indicating measurable benefits of additional N. On both fertilized and nonfertilized plots, an average of 13 percent of the original conifers died. Retaining 20, 40, or 80 alder per acre (7, 13, and 27 percent of the associated conifer trees per acre, respectively) was associated with reduced numbers of Douglas-fir by about 19, 5, and 17 percent, respectively, in the next 17 years. Mortality and growth of Douglas-fir were not related to alder density, but losses of Douglas-fir were especially large on plots where relatively large red alder (20 per acre) were retained. Neither total stand nor conifer yields were changed by retaining alder. Additional comparisons are needed at other locations, especially those with known N deficiency.
Book Synopsis Germination of Red Alder Seed by : M. A. Radwan
Download or read book Germination of Red Alder Seed written by M. A. Radwan and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Stress, Fertilization and Light Effects on the Growth of Nodulated, Mycorrhizal Red Alder Seedlings by : Chang Duck Koo
Download or read book Water Stress, Fertilization and Light Effects on the Growth of Nodulated, Mycorrhizal Red Alder Seedlings written by Chang Duck Koo and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings fertilized with NH4NO3 or inoculated with a pure culture Fran/cia and inoculated with live or dead spores of the mycoirhizal fungus Alpova diplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith were grown in a growth chamber or in a greenhouse for six months Frankia inoculation and subsequent modulation and N2-fixation increased seedling growth more than N-fertilization Alpova inoculation significantly increased seedling growth in some parameters by increments of 6 to 16 % but only when the seedlings were also inoculated with Frankia. Water stress significantly decreased nodule and Alpova ectomycorrhiza development, N2-fixation, growth and photosynthesis of red alder seedlings Alpova inoculation did not improve water relations of red alder seedlings Heavy N-fertilization with 5 ml of 50mM NH4NO3 per seedling three times a week significantly increased mycorrhiza formation and N and P concentration m leaves but decreased N-fixation, shoot growth and P concentration in nodules P fertilization with 5 ml of 5mM KH2PO4 per seedling three times a week significantly increased total N-fixation Light intensities below photosynthetic photon flux density of 220 umol/m2/s significantly decreased N2- fixation, total plant growth and photosynthesis, but increased leaf area, shoot to root ratio and N and P concentrations in plant tissues Reduced light significantly decreased Alpova mycorrhiza formation after three-weeks shading in Experiment 1 but not after ten-weeks shading of Experiment 2 During the long shade exposure of Experiment 2, alder seedlings adapted morphologically to low light intensity, thus moderating negative effects on mycorrhiza formation, plants were unable to do this in the 3-week shade period of Experiment 1 Results suggest that Frankia is more important for Alpova mycorrhiza formation and growth of red alder seedlings than Alpova is for nodule formation and growth Alder seedlings apparently adapt to a certain point of light stress by increasing leaf area and shoot growth and maintain balanced symbiont development and growth N-fertilization does not affect modulated alder plant growth. The importance of P fertilization and mycorrhizae to plant growth increases with plant size and age.
Book Synopsis Production and Assessment of Red Alder Planting Stock by :
Download or read book Production and Assessment of Red Alder Planting Stock written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adaptation and Acclimation of Red Alder (Alnus Rubra) in Two Common Gardens of Contrasting Climate by : Brendan Porter
Download or read book Adaptation and Acclimation of Red Alder (Alnus Rubra) in Two Common Gardens of Contrasting Climate written by Brendan Porter and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is the only tree in British Columbia and the Northwest US to engage in actinorhizal symbiosis to fix atmospheric nitrogen. This study was conducted to explore the plasticity in growth and physiology among 58 17-year-old red alder families in response to variation in climate in two common garden plots, one at Bowser, BC and one at Terrace, BC. Physiological assessments included height and diameter growth, bud flush, water use efficiency as measured by?13C, cold hardiness as measured by controlled freezing and electrolyte leakage, autumn leaf senescence, and instantaneous and seasonally integrated rates of nitrogen fixation as measured by acetylene reduction and natural abundance?15N isotope analysis, respectively. Significant differences were identified among families for growth (height and diameter), bud burst stage, leaf senescence, cold hardiness, and bud nitrogen content. No significant differences among families were identified for water use efficiency as measured by?13C, or for rates of nitrogen fixation as measured by either acetylene reduction or natural abundance?15N. This study identified possible adaptive differences among red alder genotypes, especially in traits such as bud flush timing, cold hardiness, or nitrogen fixation and their respective contributions to growth. These differences often reflected a tradeoff between growth and the ability to tolerate an extreme environment. Cold hardiness results indicate that red alder families are well adapted to their climate of origin, and may not be able to acclimate sufficiently to a northward assisted migration of genotypes. Nitrogen fixation results demonstrated gaps in our current knowledge of Frankia distribution and impact on the actinorhizal symbiosis in British Columbia.
Book Synopsis WSSA Abstracts by : Weed Science Society of America. Meeting
Download or read book WSSA Abstracts written by Weed Science Society of America. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Dynamics in Red Alder by : Christopher W. Swanston
Download or read book Nitrogen Dynamics in Red Alder written by Christopher W. Swanston and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is recognized as an important source of nitrogen to ecosystems that it inhabits. I examined N dynamics within alder trees, alder leaf litter, and the soil beneath alder leaf litter. 15Nitrogen, a stable isotope of N, was used as a tracer to follow the movement of N through the various systems of interest. Red alder trees were labeled with 15NO3− and 15NH4 using the stem-injection method. Leaves were sampled 3 and 15 mo subsequent to injection within several crown positions, including top, bottom, proximal, medial, and distal. Stem injection of both 15NH4 and 15NO3− at levels approaching one percent of crown N effectively labeled red alder trees. Although more variable, 15NO3− may have been more efficient in initial labeling. The distribution of 15N was uniform at the time of the first sampling, but was diluted in the distal and top positions by the second sampling. There was a clear increase in total N concentration toward the periphery of the tree. This increase became more pronounced with increasing crown size and crown closure. Crown position with respect to light availability may be the most important determinant in crown N allocation in red alder foliage. To study the transfer of N from red alder trees to the soil, 15N-labeled red alder foliage was allowed to decompose in the field for 21 mo. The concentration of 15N was measured in remaining detritus and at 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths in four soil fractions below the detritus. The soil fractions investigated included the light- and heavy-fractions of the soil, the chloroform-labile (microbial biomass) pool, and the whole-soil. Some recovery of 15N was noted in vegetation growing in the plots. The alder litter lost 78% of its mass, 77% of the total initial N, and only 64% of the total initial 15N. Although the heavy-fraction contained 77 to 88% of the total nitrogen, the concentration of N in the light-fraction was 3.5 times that in the heavy-fraction. Whole-soil recoveries were higher than the summed fractions for total N and for 15N in the top 5 cm. Light-fractions exhibited higher percent recoveries of 15N than heavy-fractions. Percent recovery of 15N in the chloroform-labile N fraction was not significant. The majority of nitrogen released from the leaves was concentrated within the top five centimeters of soil. After 21 mo of decomposition, alder detritus acted as a net source of N, most of which remained in the labile pools of the fractionated soil.
