Photophysical And Photochemical Effects Of Uv And Vuv Photo Oxidation And Photolysis On Pet And Pen

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Photophysical and Photochemical Effects of UV and VUV Photo-oxidation and Photolysis on PET and PEN

Author : Andrew Morgan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (852 download)

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Book Synopsis Photophysical and Photochemical Effects of UV and VUV Photo-oxidation and Photolysis on PET and PEN by : Andrew Morgan

Download or read book Photophysical and Photochemical Effects of UV and VUV Photo-oxidation and Photolysis on PET and PEN written by Andrew Morgan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a widely used polymer in the bottling, packaging, and clothing industry. In recent years an increasing global demand for PET has taken place due to the Solar Disinfection (SODIS) process. SODIS is a method of sterilizing fresh water into drinkable water. The PET bottles are used in the process to contain the water during solar irradiation due to its highly transparent optical property. Alongside PET, polyethylene 2,6-naphthalate (PEN) is used in bottling and flexible electronic applications. The surface of PEN would need to be modified to control the hydrophilicity and the interaction it exudes as a substrate. The UV light absorption properties of PET and PEN are of great importance for many applications, and thus need to be studied along with its photochemical resistance. The optical and chemical nature of PET was studied as it was treated by UV photo-oxidation, photo-ozonation, and photolysis under atmospheric pressure. Another investigation was also used to study PEN and PET as they are treated by vacuum UV (VUV) photo-oxidation, VUV photolysis, and remote oxygen reactions. The extent of the photoreactions; effect into the depth of the polymers is examined as treatment conditions are changed. The different experimental methods established the rate of several competing photoreactions on PET and PEN during irradiance, and their effect on the optical quality of the polymers."--Abstract.

Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (634 download)

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Book Synopsis Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews by :

Download or read book Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Graphene Oxide

Author : Wei Gao
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319155008
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Graphene Oxide by : Wei Gao

Download or read book Graphene Oxide written by Wei Gao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-28 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on a group of new materials labeled "graphene oxides." It provides a comprehensive overview of graphene oxide-based nanomaterials in terms of their synthesis, structures, properties, and extensive applications in catalysis, separation, filtration, energy storage and conversion. The book also covers emerging research on graphite oxides and the impact of the research on fundamental and applied sciences.

Nanotechnology for Water Treatment and Purification

Author : Anming Hu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319065785
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanotechnology for Water Treatment and Purification by : Anming Hu

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Water Treatment and Purification written by Anming Hu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-04 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the latest progress in the application of nanotechnology for water treatment and purification. Leaders in the field present both the fundamental science and a comprehensive overview of the diverse range of tools and technologies that have been developed in this critical area. Expert chapters present the unique physicochemical and surface properties of nanoparticles and the advantages that these provide for engineering applications that ensure a supply of safe drinking water for our growing population. Application areas include generating fresh water from seawater, preventing contamination of the environment and creating effective and efficient methods for remediation of polluted waters. The chapter authors are leading world-wide experts in the field with either academic or industrial experience, ensuring that this comprehensive volume presents the state-of-the-art in the integration of nanotechnology with water treatment and purification.

Radiation in Bioanalysis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030282486
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (824 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiation in Bioanalysis by :

Download or read book Radiation in Bioanalysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the state of the art across the broad range of spectroscopic techniques used in the study of biological systems. It reviews some of the latest advances achieved in the application of these techniques in the analysis and characterization of small and large biological compounds, covering topics such as VUV/UV and UV-visible spectroscopies, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR and Raman techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism (CD/SR-CD), pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance techniques, Mössbauer spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray methods and electron and ion impact spectroscopies. The second part of the book focuses on modelling methods and illustrates how these tools have been used and integrated with other experimental and theoretical techniques including also electron transfer processes and fast kinetics methods. The book will benefit students, researchers and professionals working with these techniques to understand the fundamental mechanisms of biological systems.

Photocatalysis

Author : Rakshit Ameta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315355132
Total Pages : 595 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Photocatalysis by : Rakshit Ameta

Download or read book Photocatalysis written by Rakshit Ameta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysis, reactions carried out in the presence of a semiconductor and light, is rapidly becoming one of the most active areas of chemical research, with applications in areas such as electrochemistry, medicine, and environmental chemistry, Photocatalysis: Principles and Applications stresses the development of various types of photocatalytic semiconductors, including binary, ternary, quaternary, and composite, and their modifications by metallization, sensitization, and doping to enhance their photocatalytic activities. In addition to describing the principles and mechanisms of photocatalysis, it also discusses other possible applications of photocatalysis such as use as antifouling agents, controlling air pollution by degrading contaminants present in the environment, self-cleaning of glasses and tiles in the presence of light/artificial light, green composites, wastewater treatment, hydrogen generation, and inactivation of microorganisms. The book also describes medical applications and summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and also a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Introduces the basic principle of photocatalysis. Provides an overview of the types of semiconductors, their immobilization, and modifications to make them more active. Gives possible applications of photocatalysis in wastewater treatment and strategy to combat against different kinds of pollutions like water, air, and soil. Summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and as a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Discusses inactivation of different kinds of microorganisms. Covers medical applications. Features Introduces the basic principle of photocatalysis. Provides an overview of the types of semiconductors, their immobilization, and modifications to make them more active. Gives possible applications of photocatalysis in wastewater treatment and strategy to combat against different kinds of pollutions like water, air, and soil. Summarizes efforts in the field of photosplitting of water as a newer energy source and photoreduction of carbon dioxide for providing synthetic fuels and as a step towards mimicking photosynthesis. Discusses inactivation of different kinds of microorganisms. Covers medical applications.

Active Oxygen in Chemistry

Author : Christopher S. Foote
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400708742
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Active Oxygen in Chemistry by : Christopher S. Foote

Download or read book Active Oxygen in Chemistry written by Christopher S. Foote and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book and its counterpart, Active Oxygen in Biochemistry, explore the active research area of the chemistry and biochemistry of oxygen. Complementary but independent, the two volumes integrate subject areas including medicine, biology, chemistry, engineering, and environmental studies.

Molecular Catalysts for Energy Conversion

Author : Tatsuhiro Okada
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642089657
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Catalysts for Energy Conversion by : Tatsuhiro Okada

Download or read book Molecular Catalysts for Energy Conversion written by Tatsuhiro Okada and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the topic of energy and environment has been ackno- edged among many people as a critical issue to be solved in 21st century since the Kyoto Protocol came into e?ect in 1997. Its political recognition was put forward especially at Heiligendamm in 2007, when the e?ect of carbon dioxide emission and its hazard in global climate were discussed and shared univ- sallyascommonknowledge.Controllingtheglobalwarmingintheeconomical framework of massive development worldwide through this new century is a very challenging problem not only among political, economical, or social c- cles but also among technological or scienti?c communities. As long as the humans depend on the combustion of fossil for energy resources, the waste heat exhaustion and CO emission are inevitable. 2 In order to establish a new era of energy saving and environment benign society, which is supported by technologies and with social consensus, it is important to seek for a framework where new clean energy system is inc- porated as infrastructure for industry and human activities. Such a society strongly needs innovative technologies of least CO emission and e?cient en- 2 ergy conversion and utilization from remaining fossil energies on the Earth. Energy recycling system utilizing natural renewable energies and their c- version to hydrogen may be the most desirable option of future clean energy society. Thus the society should strive to change its energy basis, from foss- consuming energy to clean and recycling energy.

Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis

Author : Suresh C. Ameta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482254247
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis by : Suresh C. Ameta

Download or read book Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis written by Suresh C. Ameta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large-scale production of chemicals to meet various societal needs has created environmental pollution, including pollution from byproducts and improper disposal of waste. With the world facing adverse consequences due to this pollution, green chemistry is increasingly being viewed as a means to address this concern. Since most organic synthese

Green Chemistry

Author : Suresh C. Ameta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1926895436
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Chemistry by : Suresh C. Ameta

Download or read book Green Chemistry written by Suresh C. Ameta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the potential and scope of green chemistry for clean and sustainable development. Covering the basics, the book introduces readers to the need and the many applications and benefits and advantages of environmentally friendly chemical practice and application in industry. The book addresses such topics as ecologically safe products, catalysts and solvents, conditions needed to produce such products, types of chemical processes that are conducive to green chemistry, and much more.

Chemistry and Technology of Silicones

Author : Walter Noll
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323141404
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemistry and Technology of Silicones by : Walter Noll

Download or read book Chemistry and Technology of Silicones written by Walter Noll and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry and Technology of Silicones retains the nature of a monograph despite its expanded scope, giving the reader in condensed form not only a wide-ranging but also a thorough review of this rapidly growing field. In contrast to some other monographs on organosilicon compounds that have appeared in the interim, the silicones occupy in this edition the central position, and the technological part of the work is entirely devoted to them. This book comprises 12 chapters, and begins with a general discussion of the chemistry and molecular structure of the silicones. The following chapters then discuss preparation of silanes with nonfunctional organic substituents; monomeric organosilicon compounds RnSiX4-n; and organosilanes with organofunctional groups. Other chapters cover preparation of polyorganosiloxanes; the polymeric organosiloxanes; other organosilicon polymers; production of technical silicone products from polyorganosiloxanes; properties of technical products; applications of technical silicone products in various branches of industry; esters of silicic acid; and analytical methods. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of molecular chemistry.

Laser Precision Microfabrication

Author : Koji Sugioka
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642105238
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser Precision Microfabrication by : Koji Sugioka

Download or read book Laser Precision Microfabrication written by Koji Sugioka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miniaturization and high precision are rapidly becoming a requirement for many industrial processes and products. As a result, there is greater interest in the use of laser microfabrication technology to achieve these goals. This book composed of 16 chapters covers all the topics of laser precision processing from fundamental aspects to industrial applications to both inorganic and biological materials. It reviews the sate of the art of research and technological development in the area of laser processing.

Ferrates

Author : Virender K. Sharma
Publisher : Academic
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ferrates by : Virender K. Sharma

Download or read book Ferrates written by Virender K. Sharma and published by Academic. This book was released on 2008 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the synthesis and properties of Ferrate(VI), which is an environmentally friendly chemical for oxidation, coagulation, and disinfection for the multipurpose treatment of water and wastewater.

Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy

Author : Quan Li
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319320238
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy by : Quan Li

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy written by Quan Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-12 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of nanomaterials, which play an important role in the recent advances of energy-related applications. Different nanomaterials have been employed in energy saving, generation, harvest, conversion, storage, and transport processes very effectively and efficiently. Recent progress in the preparation, characterization and usage of 1D, 2D nanomaterials and hybrid architectures for energy-related applications and relevant technologies and devices, such as solar cells, thermoelectronics, piezoelectronics, solar water splitting, hydrogen production/storage, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors is covered. Moreover, the book also highlights novel approaches in nanomaterials design and synthesis and evaluating materials sustainability issues. Contributions from active and leading experts regarding important aspects like the synthesis, assembly, and properties of nanomaterials for energy-related applications are compiled into a reference book. As evident from the diverse topics, the book will be very valuable to researchers working in the intersection of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and engineering. It may set the standard and stimulates future developments in this rapidly emerging fertile frontier of nanomaterials for energy.

Fifth International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication

Author : Isamu Miyamoto
Publisher : SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 794 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Fifth International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication by : Isamu Miyamoto

Download or read book Fifth International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication written by Isamu Miyamoto and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2004 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.

Molecular Imaging

Author : Ammasi Periasamy
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080536875
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Imaging by : Ammasi Periasamy

Download or read book Molecular Imaging written by Ammasi Periasamy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detection and measurement of the dynamic interactions of proteins within the living cell are critical to our understanding of cell physiology and pathophysiology. With FRET microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, basic and clinical scientists can make such measurements at very high spatial and temporal resolution. But sources of background information about these tools are very limited, so this book fills an important gap. It covers both the basic concepts and theory behind the various FRET microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, and the practical aspects of using the techniques and analyzing the results. The critical tricks for obtaining a good FRET image and precisely quantitating the signals from living specimens at the nanomolecular level are explained. Valuable information about the preparation of biological samples used for FRET image analysis is also provided. The methods covered include different types of microscopy systems and detectors (wide-field, confocal, multi-photon) as well as specialized techniques such as photobleaching FRET, FLIM-FRET microscopy, spectral imaging FRET, single molecule FRET, and time and image correlation spectroscopy. Starting from the basics, the chapters guide readers through the choice of probes to be used for FRET experiments and the selection of the most suitable experimental approaches to address specific biological questions. Up-to-date, consistently organized, and well-illustrated, this unique book will be welcomed by all researchers who wish to use FRET microscopy and spectroscopy techniques.

Dyes and Pigments

Author : Arnold R. Lang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781606920275
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Dyes and Pigments by : Arnold R. Lang

Download or read book Dyes and Pigments written by Arnold R. Lang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dyes and pigments are substances that impart colour to a material. The term colorant is often used for both dyes (also called dyestuffs) and pigments. The major difference between dyes and pigments is solubility (the tendency to dissolve in a liquid, especially water). Dyes are usually soluble -- or can be made to be soluble -- in water. Once a dye is dissolved in water, the material to be dyed can be immersed in the dye solution. As the material soaks up the dye and dries, it develops a colour. If the material then retains that colour after being washed, the dye is said to be colourfast. Pigments are generally not soluble in water, oil, or other common solvents. To be applied to a material, they are first ground into a fine powder and thoroughly mixed with some liquid, called the dispersing agent or vehicle. The pigment-dispersing agent mixture is then spread on the material to be coloured. As the dispersing agent dries out, the pigment is held in place on the material. In most cases, dyes are used for colouring textiles, paper, and other substances, while pigments are used for coloring paints, inks, cosmetics, and plastics. This book presents new and significant research from around the world in this field.