Photochemical Oxydants And Their Precursors In The Atmosphere

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Air Pollution by Photochemical Oxidants

Author : Robert Guderian
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642701183
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution by Photochemical Oxidants by : Robert Guderian

Download or read book Air Pollution by Photochemical Oxidants written by Robert Guderian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photochemical oxidants are secondary air pollutants formed under the influence of sunlight by complex photochemical reactions in air which contains nitrogen oxides and reactive hydrocarbons as precursors. The most adverse components formed by photochemical reactions in polluted air are ozone (0 ) 3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), among many other products such as aldehydes, ketones, organic and inorganic acids, nitrates, sulfates etc. An analysis and evaluation of the available knowledge has been used to characterize the relationships among emissions, ambient air concentrations, and effects, and to identify the important controlling influences on the formation and effects of photochemical oxidants. The biological activity of photochemical oxidants was first clearly manifested during the early 1940's, when vegetation injury was observed in the Los Angeles Basin in the United States. Since that time, as a consequence of the increasing emissions of photochemical oxidant precursors, the photochemical oxidants have become the most important air pollutants in North America. In other parts of the world, for example South and Central America, Asia, and Australia, photo chemical oxidants threaten vegetation, particularly the economic and ecological performance of plant life. According to my knowledge, the first observations of ozone and PAN injury to vegetation in Europe were made by Dr. Ellis F. Darley (Statewide Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California) during a study visit (1963/64) to the Federal Republic of Germany.

Air Pollution by Photochemical Oxidants

Author : Ian Colbeck
Publisher : Elsevier Science Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution by Photochemical Oxidants by : Ian Colbeck

Download or read book Air Pollution by Photochemical Oxidants written by Ian Colbeck and published by Elsevier Science Publishing Company. This book was released on 1994 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardbound. This book gives a detailed description of the observed behaviour of photochemical oxidants, especially ozone, on the urban, regional, and global scales. The volume includes: basic introductions to the biochemistry and physics of biogenic and anthropogenic production of photochemical oxidant precursors; room-temperature rate coefficients for gas-phase reactions as an aid to intercomparison; the synthesis of recent observations of photochemical oxidants over all spatial and temporal scales of interest; and a large selection of examples from the real atmosphere.Throughout, the emphasis is on understanding topics under simplified or controlled conditions; this book will be of great value to photochemists, environmental chemists, and all those concerned with (atmospheric) pollution.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428902805
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled by :

Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309046319
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution by : National Research Council

Download or read book Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.

Global Sources of Local Pollution

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309144019
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Sources of Local Pollution by : National Research Council

Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.

Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility

Author : Wael Al-Delaimy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030311252
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility by : Wael Al-Delaimy

Download or read book Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility written by Wael Al-Delaimy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.

Organic Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Author : Lee D. Hansen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Chemistry of the Atmosphere by : Lee D. Hansen

Download or read book Organic Chemistry of the Atmosphere written by Lee D. Hansen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-06-24 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the information currently available regarding the chemistry of organic compounds in the atmosphere. Topics discussed include methods for collecting organic compounds from the atmosphere, the influence of organic compounds on indoor and outdoor air quality, the chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, environmental tobacco smoke, organic compounds in rainwater, organic oxysulfur compounds, and the effect of organic compounds on visibility. Many of these topics presented have never been reviewed or have never appeared together in a single volume. Anyone concerned with atmospheric organic compound monitoring or who conducts research on organic compounds and their effect on the atmospheric environment will find this book to be extremely beneficial.

Global Environmental Change

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309174325
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Environmental Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Global Environmental Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-14 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we understand and rise to the environmental challenges of global change? One clear answer is to understand the science of global change, not solely in terms of the processes that control changes in climate and the composition of the atmosphere, but in how ecosystems and human society interact with these changes. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a number of such research effortsâ€"supported by computer and satellite technologyâ€"have been launched. Yet many opportunities for integration remain unexploited, and many fundamental questions remain about the earth's capacity to support a growing human population. This volume encourages a renewed commitment to understanding global change and sets a direction for research in the decade ahead. Through case studies the book explores what can be learned from the lessons of the past 20 years and what are the outstanding scientific questions. Highlights include: Research imperatives and strategies for investigators in the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate, ecosystem studies, and human dimensions of global change. The context of climate change, including lessons to be gleaned from paleoclimatology. Human responses toâ€"and forcing ofâ€"projected global change. This book offers a comprehensive overview of global change research to date and provides a framework for answering urgent questions.

Photochemical oxidants and air pollution

Author : Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 824 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Photochemical oxidants and air pollution by : Air Pollution Technical Information Center

Download or read book Photochemical oxidants and air pollution written by Air Pollution Technical Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 1900 references, intended as a balanced sample of available literature mostly from the period 1959-1970. Foreign literature is included. Entries are arranged under topics. Author, title, subject, and geographic location indexes.

The Atmospheric Sciences

Author : Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309517656
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis The Atmospheric Sciences by : Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate

Download or read book The Atmospheric Sciences written by Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-11-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise. Findings in this field shape a broad spectrum of decisions--what to wear outdoors, whether aircraft should fly, how to deal with the issue of climate change, and more. This book presents a comprehensive assessment of the atmospheric sciences and offers a vision for the future and a range of recommendations for federal authorities, the scientific community, and education administrators. How does atmospheric science contribute to national well-being? In the context of this question, the panel identifies imperatives in scientific observation, recommends directions for modeling and forecasting research, and examines management issues, including the growing problem of weather data availability. Five subdisciplines--physics, chemistry, dynamics and weather forecasting, upper atmosphere and near-earth space physics, climate and climate change--and their status as the science enters the twenty-first century are examined in detail, including recommendations for research. This readable book will be of interest to public-sector policy framers and private-sector decisionmakers as well as researchers, educators, and students in the atmospheric sciences.

Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health

Author : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309037263
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health by : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute

Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.

Photochemical Oxydants and Their Precursors in the Atmosphere

Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Air Management Sector Group
Publisher : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications and Information Center]
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Photochemical Oxydants and Their Precursors in the Atmosphere by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Air Management Sector Group

Download or read book Photochemical Oxydants and Their Precursors in the Atmosphere written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Air Management Sector Group and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications and Information Center]. This book was released on 1979 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Air quality criteria for ozone and other photochemical oxidants

Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Air quality criteria for ozone and other photochemical oxidants by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development

Download or read book Air quality criteria for ozone and other photochemical oxidants written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere

Author : Peter Borrell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642597181
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere by : Peter Borrell

Download or read book Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere written by Peter Borrell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major environmental concern is the increasing burden on all scales of photo-oxidants, acidifying substances and potential nutrients in the troposphere. These lead to episodes of summer smog, and appreciable damage to eco-systems both on land and at sea. Underlying the environmental effects is the complex scientific problem of linking the man-made and biological emissions to the myriad chemical reactions that transform the pollutants as they are transported to and deposited in the surroundings and also pristine areas remote from the sources. The project, the scientific results of which are described in this book, was set up to study the problem in an inter-disciplinary way by co-ordinating the work of more than 150 research groups in some 20 countries.

Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere

Author : Ralf Koppmann
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470994150
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere by : Ralf Koppmann

Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere written by Ralf Koppmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.

Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry

Author : Guy P. Brasseur
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108210953
Total Pages : 631 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry by : Guy P. Brasseur

Download or read book Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry written by Guy P. Brasseur and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling of atmospheric composition is a formidable scientific and computational challenge. This comprehensive presentation of the modeling methods used in atmospheric chemistry focuses on both theory and practice, from the fundamental principles behind models, through to their applications in interpreting observations. An encyclopaedic coverage of methods used in atmospheric modeling, including their advantages and disadvantages, makes this a one-stop resource with a large scope. Particular emphasis is given to the mathematical formulation of chemical, radiative, and aerosol processes; advection and turbulent transport; emission and deposition processes; as well as major chapters on model evaluation and inverse modeling. The modeling of atmospheric chemistry is an intrinsically interdisciplinary endeavour, bringing together meteorology, radiative transfer, physical chemistry and biogeochemistry, making the book of value to a broad readership. Introductory chapters and a review of the relevant mathematics make this book instantly accessible to graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric sciences.

Toxicological Profile for Carbon Monoxide

Author : U.s. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781495287497
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Carbon Monoxide by : U.s. Department of Health and Human Services

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Carbon Monoxide written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-01-22 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the toxic substances each profile describes. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. The profiles focus on health and toxicologic information; therefore, each toxicological profile begins with a public health statement that describes, in nontechnical language, a substance's relevant toxicological properties. Following the public health statement is information concerning levels of significant human exposure and, where known, significant health effects. A health effects summary describes the adequacy of information to determine a substance's health effects. ATSDR identifies data needs that are significant to protection of public health. Each profile: (A) Examines, summarizes, and interprets available toxicologic information and epidemiologic evaluations on a toxic substance to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; (B) Determines whether adequate information on the health effects of each substance is available or being developed to determine levels of exposure that present a significant risk to human health of acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; and (C) Where appropriate, identifies toxicologic testing needed to identify the types or levels of exposure that may present significant risk of adverse health effects in humans.